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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Higuchi, K.; Fujisawa, K.; Tohei, M.; Okawa, S.; +2 Authors

    Abstract. Sediments produced by a slope failure of the toe of a landslide are assumed to prevent the spread of the failure. Thus, sediment removal is an emergency measure that must be done safely while the slope is observed. Observation must also be done safely without requiring workers to enter the failed slope to avoid secondary disasters. Generally, a non-prism type totalstation is useful to measure ground displacement under such circumstances, because this type of totalstation can be used without placing targets on the slope. However, the lack of prisms results in problems related to the objectivity of measurement data, collimation error of the totalstation, measurement at night, and so on. The authors have developed targets and a remote target placing method in order to resolve the above problems. As a result, we have established remote measurement technique for ground displacement on failed slopes at the toes of landslides. This paper describes the measurement technique that has been developed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advances in Geoscien...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Advances in Geosciences
    Article
    License: CC BY ND SA
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Advances in Geosciences
    Article . 2008
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2008
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2008
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Advances in Geosciences
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO)
    Other literature type . 2018
    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advances in Geoscien...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Advances in Geosciences
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Advances in Geosciences
      Article . 2008
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2008
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2008
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Advances in Geosciences
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC SA
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO)
      Other literature type . 2018
      DOAJ
      Article . 2008
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Misiti, Michel; Misiti, Yves; Poggi, Jean-Michel; Portier, Bruno;

    Mixture of linear regression models is used for the short-term statistical forecasting of the daily mean PM10 concentration. Hourly concentrations of PM10 have been measured in three cities in Haute-Normandie (France): Rouen, Le Havre and Dieppe. The Haute-Normandie region is located at northwest of Paris, near the south side of Manche sea and is heavily industrialized. We consider six monitoring stations reflecting the diversity of situations: urban background, traffic, rural and industrial stations. We have focused our attention on recent data from 2007 to 2011. We forecast the daily mean PM10 concentration by modeling it as a mixture of linear regression models involving meteorological predictors and the average concentration measured on the previous day. The values of observed meteorological variables are used for fitting the models but the corresponding predictions are considered for the test data, leading to realistic evaluations of forecasting performances, which are calculated through a leave-one-out scheme on the four years. We discuss in this paper several methodological issues including estimation schemes, introduction of the deterministic predictions of meteorological models and how to handle the forecasting at various horizons from some hours to one day ahead.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Amitrano, David;

    International audience; The deformation of rocks is associated with microcracks nucleation and propagation, i.e. damage. The accumulation of damage and its spatial localization lead to the creation of a macroscale discontinuity, so-called "fault" in geological terms, and to the failure of the material, i.e. a dramatic decrease of the mechanical properties as strength and modulus. The damage process can be studied both statically by direct observation of thin sections and dynamically by recording acoustic waves emitted by crack propagation (acoustic emission). Here we first review such observations concerning geological objects over scales ranging from the laboratory sample scale (dm) to seismically active faults (km), including cliffs and rock masses (Dm, hm). These observations reveal complex patterns in both space (fractal properties of damage structures as roughness and gouge), time (clustering, particular trends when the failure approaches) and energy domains (power-law distributions of energy release bursts). We use a numerical model based on progressive damage within an elastic interaction framework which allows us to simulate these observations. This study shows that the failure in rocks can be the result of damage accumulation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704...
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2007
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marchandise, Sandra; Robin, Eric; Ayrault, Sophie; Roy-Barman, Matthieu;

    International audience; The abundance, size and composition of micron-size U–Th–REE–Hf rich phases of marine clayey silt sediments from the Western Mediterranean Sea were determined using an automated scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The minerals found in the sediment were monazite, allanite, florencite, xenotime and zircon. The size distribution and chemical composition of each phase were used to determine their contribution to the total content of the sediment in U, Th, REE, Y, Zr and Hf. Zircon accounts for most of the Zr and Hf of the sample. Xenotime and zircon account for most Y and HREE of the sample. However, the high Y–HREE–U–Th content of the zircons analyzed in this study (possibly due to xenotime overgrowth on zircon surface and alteration processes) contrasts with previous works and cannot be extended to any type of zircons. By contrast, only a small fraction (≈20–30%) of U, Th and LREE (such as Nd) are carried by U–Th–REE–Hf rich minerals (monazite mostly). It reflects the higher alterability of U–Th and LREE bearing phases compared to zircon and xenotime and implies that most U–Th and LREE are present in other phases at lower concentrations (possibly clays, organic matter or Fe–Mn oxides). The different size distributions of the different carriers can contribute to U–Th and LREE/HREE fractionation observed during the transport of these elements. Due to its very high physical and chemical resistance, zircon appears to be the main Hf carrier even in fine grained “zircon free type” sediments. By storing Lu and possibly releasing extremely radiogenic Hf, xenotime has an unforeseen role in the Lu–Hf systematics in marine sediment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geochimica et Cosmoc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geochimica et Cosmoc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicolas Dubosq; Sabine Schmidt; John P. Walsh; Antoine Grémare; +6 Authors

    International audience; On the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, there are several mid-shelf mud patches including La Grande Vasière to the north, the West Gironde Mud Patch (WGMP) off the Gironde estuary and the Basque Mud Patch close to the Spanish border. In general, these deposits are several meters thick and cover coarser substrate. Questions remain about their storage capability for fine particles and carbon. This work investigates the sedimentation of the WGMP in order to develop a first estimate of organic carbon (OC) burial. Interface sediment cores were collected at nine stations along two cross-shelf transects in October-November 2016. X-radiograph imaging and grain-size analyses were used to characterize sedimentary structures. 210 Pb xs depth profiles were established to calculate sediment (SAR) and mass (MAR) accumulation rates. Sedimentary structures indicate episodic sandy inputs overlying older deposits at proximal sites, and relatively continuous sedimentation at seaward locations. On the outer-central portion of the northern transect, a maximum SAR (0.47 cm yr − 1) was observed, suggesting a depocenter. On the southern transect, excluding two stations where sedimentary inputs appear massive but sporadic, the SARs are lower (<0.3 cm yr − 1). Quantitative estimates of OC burial rates increase seaward with a maximum of 45 gC m − 2 yr − 1. To evaluate carbon loading independent of grain-size variability, OC values were normalized to surface area of sediments (SA). Interestingly, a qualitative comparison of OC burial efficiencies using the OC/SA ratio highlights three groups of sites (low, medium and relatively high OC burial efficiency) which are likely related both to different sedimentary environments and variable deposition conditions linked to local environmental conditions and depth. This work highlights the likely control of hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentary inputs on the amount of OC stored in the WGMP sediments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Continental Shelf Re...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Continental Shelf Research
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Continental Shelf Re...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Continental Shelf Research
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Antonio Pio Rinaldi; Jonny Rutqvist; Frédéric Cappa;

    International audience; The importance of geomechanics--including the potential for faults to reactivate during large-scale geologic carbon sequestration operations--has recently become more widely recognized. However, notwithstanding the potential for triggering notable (felt) seismic events, the potential for buoyancy-driven CO2 to reach potable groundwater and the ground surface is actually more important from public safety and storage-efficiency perspectives. In this context, this work extends the previous studies on the geomechanical modeling of fault responses during underground carbon dioxide injection, focusing on the short-term integrity of the sealing caprock, and hence on the potential for leakage of either brine or CO2 to reach the shallow groundwater aquifers during active injection. We consider stress/strain-dependent permeability and study the leakage through the fault zone as its permeability changes during a reactivation, also causing seismicity. We analyze several scenarios related to the volume of CO2 injected (and hence as a function of the overpressure), involving both minor and major faults, and analyze the profile risks of leakage for different stress/strain-permeability coupling functions. We conclude that whereas it is very difficult to predict how much fault permeability could change upon reactivation, this process can have a significant impact on the leakage rate. Moreover, our analysis shows that induced seismicity associated with fault reactivation may not necessarily open up a new flow path for leakage. Results show a poor correlation between magnitude and amount of fluid leakage, meaning that a single event is generally not enough to substantially change the permeability along the entire fault length. Consequently, even if some changes in permeability occur, this does not mean that the CO2 will migrate up along the entire fault, breaking through the caprock to enter the overlying aquifer.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
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    International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Clément Calvino; Tomasz Dabrowski; Frederic Dias;

    A nested large-scale wave model that covers most of the Atlantic Ocean and focuses on generating accurate swell conditions for Ireland is presented and validated over the two years 2016 and 2017. The impact of currents is studied using the surface currents from the GLORYS product. Currents slightly reduce by 1\% the error of the model compared to altimetry data, but they explain most of the wave energy at scales less than 50 meters. The variability induced by currents is found to be more noticeable on the instantaneous fields, up to 50 cm. Track following observations indicate that wave refraction induced by mesoscale eddies is correctly captured. However, this modulation is of the same order as a shorter-scale variability appearing in the altimetry data, which makes it difficult to objectively assess the impact of currents. Comment: 31 pages, 15 figures

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    Continental Shelf Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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      Continental Shelf Research
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Le Hérissé, Alain; Paris, Florentin; Steemans, Philippe;

    Well preserved assemblages of cryptospores, chitinozoans, acritarchs, leiospheres, tasmanitids, colonies of Gloeocapsomorpha, scolecodonts and eurypterid fragments from 23 core samples of the Moussegouda core hole in the Erdi Basin, northern Chad, and from two samples from well KW-2 in Kufra Basin, South East Libya are investigated. These palynomorphs were recovered from the southernmost North African marine deposits of Late Ordovician and possibly early Silurian age. The palaeoenvironment evolves from late Hirnantian glacio-marine diamictites to silt-dominated sequences suggesting a marginal marine environment of possibly latest Hirnantian to earliest Rhuddanian age (post-elongata-pre-fragilis chitinozoan assemblages). The recovered palynomorph assemblages are compared and correlated with contemporaneous assemblages recorded in other northern Gondwana localities (Mauritania, Morocco Algeria, Libya, Africa, Saudi Arabia, Jordan), and in South Africa, in order to evaluate possible effects of the ice cap melting on palynomorph assemblages and sedimentation. Our goal is also to improve the regional biostratigraphy across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary. The composition of the recovered palynomorph assemblages, with mixed terrestrial and marine microflora, suggests that the topmost Ordovician or earliest Silurian in northern Chad and southeastern Libya, reflects nearshore conditions, with obvious fresh water influences. The lack of black shale or grey shale in the uppermost Ordovician and of “hot shale” in the lower Silurian in these areas, and their replacement by siltstones, are probably related to an isostatic readjustment that rapidly starved the marine sedimentation in the areas previously overlain by a thick ice cover during the climax of the Hirnantian glaciation. Tasmanites tzadiensis Le Herisse sp. nov. and Euconochitina moussegoudaensis Paris sp. nov., two new palynomorphs of biostratigraphical interest are described and illustrated.

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    Bulletin of Geosciences
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2013
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      Bulletin of Geosciences
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2013
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    Authors: Pierrick Roperch; Jérôme Gattacceca; M. Valenzuela; Bertrand Devouard; +5 Authors

    International audience; We describe extended occurrences of unusual silicate glass surface layers from the Atacama Desert (Chile). These glasses, found near the town of Pica at four localities separated by up to 70 km, are neither fulgurites, nor volcanic glasses, nor metallurgical slags related to anthropic activity, but show close similarities to other glasses that have been previously attributed to large airbursts created by meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere. The glasses are restricted to specific Late Pleistocene terrains: paleo-wetlands and soils rich in organic matter with SiO2-rich plant remains, salts and carbonates. 14C dating and paleomagnetic data indicate that the glasses were formed during at least two distinct periods. This rules out the hypothesis of a single large airburst as the cause of surface melting. Instead, burning of organic-rich soils in dried-out grassy wetlands during climate oscillations between wet and dry periods can account for the formation of the Pica glasses. Large oases did indeed form in the hyperarid Atacama Desert due to elevated groundwater tables and increased surface discharge during the Central Andean Pluvial Event (roughly coeval with the Mystery interval and Younger Dryas). Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the other surface glasses previously attributed to extraterrestrial events.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Chaux, Caroline; Duval, Laurent; Pesquet, Jean-Christophe;

    Seismic Data Analysis With Dual-Tree M-Band Wavelet Transforms Laurent Duval (Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)) Caroline Chaux (ARIANA research group) and Stephan Ker (IFREMER Marine Geosciences Department) SUMMARY____________________________________________________________ The complexity of seismic data still challenges signal processing algorithms in several applications. The rediscovery of wavelet transforms by J.Morlet et al. has allowed improvements in addressing several data representation (local analysis compression) and restoration problems. However despites their achievements traditional approaches based on discrete and separable (both for computational purposes) wavelets fail at efficiently representing directional or higher dimensional data features such as line or plane singularities especially in severe noise

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    http://laurent-duval.eu/Articl...
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    Conference object . 2005
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    https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4...
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    https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4...
    Conference object . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      Conference object . 2005
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    Authors: Higuchi, K.; Fujisawa, K.; Tohei, M.; Okawa, S.; +2 Authors

    Abstract. Sediments produced by a slope failure of the toe of a landslide are assumed to prevent the spread of the failure. Thus, sediment removal is an emergency measure that must be done safely while the slope is observed. Observation must also be done safely without requiring workers to enter the failed slope to avoid secondary disasters. Generally, a non-prism type totalstation is useful to measure ground displacement under such circumstances, because this type of totalstation can be used without placing targets on the slope. However, the lack of prisms results in problems related to the objectivity of measurement data, collimation error of the totalstation, measurement at night, and so on. The authors have developed targets and a remote target placing method in order to resolve the above problems. As a result, we have established remote measurement technique for ground displacement on failed slopes at the toes of landslides. This paper describes the measurement technique that has been developed.

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    Advances in Geosciences
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    Advances in Geosciences
    Article . 2008
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    Other literature type . 2008
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    Advances in Geosciences
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO)
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      Advances in Geosciences
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO)
      Other literature type . 2018
      DOAJ
      Article . 2008
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    Authors: Misiti, Michel; Misiti, Yves; Poggi, Jean-Michel; Portier, Bruno;

    Mixture of linear regression models is used for the short-term statistical forecasting of the daily mean PM10 concentration. Hourly concentrations of PM10 have been measured in three cities in Haute-Normandie (France): Rouen, Le Havre and Dieppe. The Haute-Normandie region is located at northwest of Paris, near the south side of Manche sea and is heavily industrialized. We consider six monitoring stations reflecting the diversity of situations: urban background, traffic, rural and industrial stations. We have focused our attention on recent data from 2007 to 2011. We forecast the daily mean PM10 concentration by modeling it as a mixture of linear regression models involving meteorological predictors and the average concentration measured on the previous day. The values of observed meteorological variables are used for fitting the models but the corresponding predictions are considered for the test data, leading to realistic evaluations of forecasting performances, which are calculated through a leave-one-out scheme on the four years. We discuss in this paper several methodological issues including estimation schemes, introduction of the deterministic predictions of meteorological models and how to handle the forecasting at various horizons from some hours to one day ahead.

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    Authors: Amitrano, David;

    International audience; The deformation of rocks is associated with microcracks nucleation and propagation, i.e. damage. The accumulation of damage and its spatial localization lead to the creation of a macroscale discontinuity, so-called "fault" in geological terms, and to the failure of the material, i.e. a dramatic decrease of the mechanical properties as strength and modulus. The damage process can be studied both statically by direct observation of thin sections and dynamically by recording acoustic waves emitted by crack propagation (acoustic emission). Here we first review such observations concerning geological objects over scales ranging from the laboratory sample scale (dm) to seismically active faults (km), including cliffs and rock masses (Dm, hm). These observations reveal complex patterns in both space (fractal properties of damage structures as roughness and gouge), time (clustering, particular trends when the failure approaches) and energy domains (power-law distributions of energy release bursts). We use a numerical model based on progressive damage within an elastic interaction framework which allows us to simulate these observations. This study shows that the failure in rocks can be the result of damage accumulation.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704...
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2007
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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    Authors: Marchandise, Sandra; Robin, Eric; Ayrault, Sophie; Roy-Barman, Matthieu;

    International audience; The abundance, size and composition of micron-size U–Th–REE–Hf rich phases of marine clayey silt sediments from the Western Mediterranean Sea were determined using an automated scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The minerals found in the sediment were monazite, allanite, florencite, xenotime and zircon. The size distribution and chemical composition of each phase were used to determine their contribution to the total content of the sediment in U, Th, REE, Y, Zr and Hf. Zircon accounts for most of the Zr and Hf of the sample. Xenotime and zircon account for most Y and HREE of the sample. However, the high Y–HREE–U–Th content of the zircons analyzed in this study (possibly due to xenotime overgrowth on zircon surface and alteration processes) contrasts with previous works and cannot be extended to any type of zircons. By contrast, only a small fraction (≈20–30%) of U, Th and LREE (such as Nd) are carried by U–Th–REE–Hf rich minerals (monazite mostly). It reflects the higher alterability of U–Th and LREE bearing phases compared to zircon and xenotime and implies that most U–Th and LREE are present in other phases at lower concentrations (possibly clays, organic matter or Fe–Mn oxides). The different size distributions of the different carriers can contribute to U–Th and LREE/HREE fractionation observed during the transport of these elements. Due to its very high physical and chemical resistance, zircon appears to be the main Hf carrier even in fine grained “zircon free type” sediments. By storing Lu and possibly releasing extremely radiogenic Hf, xenotime has an unforeseen role in the Lu–Hf systematics in marine sediment.

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    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
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    Authors: Nicolas Dubosq; Sabine Schmidt; John P. Walsh; Antoine Grémare; +6 Authors

    International audience; On the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, there are several mid-shelf mud patches including La Grande Vasière to the north, the West Gironde Mud Patch (WGMP) off the Gironde estuary and the Basque Mud Patch close to the Spanish border. In general, these deposits are several meters thick and cover coarser substrate. Questions remain about their storage capability for fine particles and carbon. This work investigates the sedimentation of the WGMP in order to develop a first estimate of organic carbon (OC) burial. Interface sediment cores were collected at nine stations along two cross-shelf transects in October-November 2016. X-radiograph imaging and grain-size analyses were used to characterize sedimentary structures. 210 Pb xs depth profiles were established to calculate sediment (SAR) and mass (MAR) accumulation rates. Sedimentary structures indicate episodic sandy inputs overlying older deposits at proximal sites, and relatively continuous sedimentation at seaward locations. On the outer-central portion of the northern transect, a maximum SAR (0.47 cm yr − 1) was observed, suggesting a depocenter. On the southern transect, excluding two stations where sedimentary inputs appear massive but sporadic, the SARs are lower (<0.3 cm yr − 1). Quantitative estimates of OC burial rates increase seaward with a maximum of 45 gC m − 2 yr − 1. To evaluate carbon loading independent of grain-size variability, OC values were normalized to surface area of sediments (SA). Interestingly, a qualitative comparison of OC burial efficiencies using the OC/SA ratio highlights three groups of sites (low, medium and relatively high OC burial efficiency) which are likely related both to different sedimentary environments and variable deposition conditions linked to local environmental conditions and depth. This work highlights the likely control of hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentary inputs on the amount of OC stored in the WGMP sediments.

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    Continental Shelf Research
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Continental Shelf Research
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Antonio Pio Rinaldi; Jonny Rutqvist; Frédéric Cappa;

    International audience; The importance of geomechanics--including the potential for faults to reactivate during large-scale geologic carbon sequestration operations--has recently become more widely recognized. However, notwithstanding the potential for triggering notable (felt) seismic events, the potential for buoyancy-driven CO2 to reach potable groundwater and the ground surface is actually more important from public safety and storage-efficiency perspectives. In this context, this work extends the previous studies on the geomechanical modeling of fault responses during underground carbon dioxide injection, focusing on the short-term integrity of the sealing caprock, and hence on the potential for leakage of either brine or CO2 to reach the shallow groundwater aquifers during active injection. We consider stress/strain-dependent permeability and study the leakage through the fault zone as its permeability changes during a reactivation, also causing seismicity. We analyze several scenarios related to the volume of CO2 injected (and hence as a function of the overpressure), involving both minor and major faults, and analyze the profile risks of leakage for different stress/strain-permeability coupling functions. We conclude that whereas it is very difficult to predict how much fault permeability could change upon reactivation, this process can have a significant impact on the leakage rate. Moreover, our analysis shows that induced seismicity associated with fault reactivation may not necessarily open up a new flow path for leakage. Results show a poor correlation between magnitude and amount of fluid leakage, meaning that a single event is generally not enough to substantially change the permeability along the entire fault length. Consequently, even if some changes in permeability occur, this does not mean that the CO2 will migrate up along the entire fault, breaking through the caprock to enter the overlying aquifer.

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    International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Clément Calvino; Tomasz Dabrowski; Frederic Dias;

    A nested large-scale wave model that covers most of the Atlantic Ocean and focuses on generating accurate swell conditions for Ireland is presented and validated over the two years 2016 and 2017. The impact of currents is studied using the surface currents from the GLORYS product. Currents slightly reduce by 1\% the error of the model compared to altimetry data, but they explain most of the wave energy at scales less than 50 meters. The variability induced by currents is found to be more noticeable on the instantaneous fields, up to 50 cm. Track following observations indicate that wave refraction induced by mesoscale eddies is correctly captured. However, this modulation is of the same order as a shorter-scale variability appearing in the altimetry data, which makes it difficult to objectively assess the impact of currents. Comment: 31 pages, 15 figures

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    Continental Shelf Research
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
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      Continental Shelf Research
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Le Hérissé, Alain; Paris, Florentin; Steemans, Philippe;

    Well preserved assemblages of cryptospores, chitinozoans, acritarchs, leiospheres, tasmanitids, colonies of Gloeocapsomorpha, scolecodonts and eurypterid fragments from 23 core samples of the Moussegouda core hole in the Erdi Basin, northern Chad, and from two samples from well KW-2 in Kufra Basin, South East Libya are investigated. These palynomorphs were recovered from the southernmost North African marine deposits of Late Ordovician and possibly early Silurian age. The palaeoenvironment evolves from late Hirnantian glacio-marine diamictites to silt-dominated sequences suggesting a marginal marine environment of possibly latest Hirnantian to earliest Rhuddanian age (post-elongata-pre-fragilis chitinozoan assemblages). The recovered palynomorph assemblages are compared and correlated with contemporaneous assemblages recorded in other northern Gondwana localities (Mauritania, Morocco Algeria, Libya, Africa, Saudi Arabia, Jordan), and in South Africa, in order to evaluate possible effects of the ice cap melting on palynomorph assemblages and sedimentation. Our goal is also to improve the regional biostratigraphy across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary. The composition of the recovered palynomorph assemblages, with mixed terrestrial and marine microflora, suggests that the topmost Ordovician or earliest Silurian in northern Chad and southeastern Libya, reflects nearshore conditions, with obvious fresh water influences. The lack of black shale or grey shale in the uppermost Ordovician and of “hot shale” in the lower Silurian in these areas, and their replacement by siltstones, are probably related to an isostatic readjustment that rapidly starved the marine sedimentation in the areas previously overlain by a thick ice cover during the climax of the Hirnantian glaciation. Tasmanites tzadiensis Le Herisse sp. nov. and Euconochitina moussegoudaensis Paris sp. nov., two new palynomorphs of biostratigraphical interest are described and illustrated.

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    Bulletin of Geosciences
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2013
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      Bulletin of Geosciences
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    Authors: Pierrick Roperch; Jérôme Gattacceca; M. Valenzuela; Bertrand Devouard; +5 Authors

    International audience; We describe extended occurrences of unusual silicate glass surface layers from the Atacama Desert (Chile). These glasses, found near the town of Pica at four localities separated by up to 70 km, are neither fulgurites, nor volcanic glasses, nor metallurgical slags related to anthropic activity, but show close similarities to other glasses that have been previously attributed to large airbursts created by meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere. The glasses are restricted to specific Late Pleistocene terrains: paleo-wetlands and soils rich in organic matter with SiO2-rich plant remains, salts and carbonates. 14C dating and paleomagnetic data indicate that the glasses were formed during at least two distinct periods. This rules out the hypothesis of a single large airburst as the cause of surface melting. Instead, burning of organic-rich soils in dried-out grassy wetlands during climate oscillations between wet and dry periods can account for the formation of the Pica glasses. Large oases did indeed form in the hyperarid Atacama Desert due to elevated groundwater tables and increased surface discharge during the Central Andean Pluvial Event (roughly coeval with the Mystery interval and Younger Dryas). Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the other surface glasses previously attributed to extraterrestrial events.

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    Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Chaux, Caroline; Duval, Laurent; Pesquet, Jean-Christophe;

    Seismic Data Analysis With Dual-Tree M-Band Wavelet Transforms Laurent Duval (Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)) Caroline Chaux (ARIANA research group) and Stephan Ker (IFREMER Marine Geosciences Department) SUMMARY____________________________________________________________ The complexity of seismic data still challenges signal processing algorithms in several applications. The rediscovery of wavelet transforms by J.Morlet et al. has allowed improvements in addressing several data representation (local analysis compression) and restoration problems. However despites their achievements traditional approaches based on discrete and separable (both for computational purposes) wavelets fail at efficiently representing directional or higher dimensional data features such as line or plane singularities especially in severe noise

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    https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4...
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