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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Ten tijde van de Covid-19-pandemie hebben vierdejaars studenten Facility Management de Best Practices onderzocht bij diverse zorginstellingen in Noord-Nederland. Drie organisaties uit de eerstelijnszorg, twee verpleeghuizen en twee ziekenhuizen hebben deelgenomen aan het onderzoek. De studenten hebben medewerkers geïnterviewd en ieder individueel een rapport geschreven met als onderzoeksvraag welke veranderingen nodig zijn. Is het in de zorg “roeien met de riemen die we hebben?” zoals twee respondenten zich afvragen. Eind juni verschijnt een uitgebreide analyse in de vorm van een bachelor scriptie. Nu alvast een eerste beeld van de analyse van de interviews en rapporten.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wang, Shihan; Schraagen, Marijn; Tjong Kim Sang, Erik; Dastani, Mehdi; +11 Authors

    Public sentiment (the opinion, attitude or feeling that the public expresses) is a factor of interest for government, as it directly influences the implementation of policies. Given the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 crisis, having an up-to-date representation of public sentiment on governmental measures and announcements is crucial. In this paper, we analyse Dutch public sentiment on governmental COVID-19 measures from text data collected across three online media sources (Twitter, Reddit and Nu.nl) from February to September 2020. We apply sentiment analysis methods to analyse polarity over time, as well as to identify stance towards two specific pandemic policies regarding social distancing and wearing face masks. The presented preliminary results provide valuable insights into the narratives shown in vast social media text data, which help understand the influence of COVID-19 measures on the general public.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aclanthology...arrow_drop_down
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    https://aclanthology.org/2020....
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
    Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aclanthology...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://aclanthology.org/2020....
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      NARCIS
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
      Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Heli Julkunen; Anna Cichońska; P Eline Slagboom; Peter Würtz; +1 Authors

    eLife digest National policies for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic include stricter measures for people considered to be at high risk of severe and potentially fatal cases of the disease. Although older age and pre-existing health conditions are strong risk factors, it is poorly understood why susceptibility varies so widely in the population. People with cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes and liver diseases, or chronic inflammation are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 and other infections including pneumonia. These conditions alter the molecules circulating in the blood, providing potential ‘biomarkers’ to determine whether a person is more likely to develop a fatal infection. Uncovering these blood biomarkers could help to identify people who are prone to life-threatening infections despite not having ever been diagnosed with a cardiometabolic disease. To find these biomarkers, Julkunen et al. studied blood samples that had been collected from 105,000 healthy individuals in the United Kingdom over ten years ago. The data showed that individuals with biomarkers linked to low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic disease were more likely to have died or been hospitalised with pneumonia. A score based on 25 of these biomarkers provided the best predictor of severe pneumonia. This biomarker score performed up to four times better within the first few years after blood sampling compared to predicting cases of pneumonia a decade later. The same blood biomarker changes were also linked with developing severe COVID-19 over ten years after the blood samples had been collected. The predictive value of the biomarker score was similar for both severe COVID-19 and the long-term risk of severe pneumonia. Julkunen et al. propose that the metabolic biomarkers reflect inhibited immunity that impairs response to infections. The results from over 100,000 individuals suggest that these blood biomarkers may help to identify people at high risk of severe COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation have been associated with susceptibility to a severe infectious disease course, even when measured prior to disease onset. We investigated whether metabolic biomarkers measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be associated with susceptibility to severe pneumonia (2507 hospitalised or fatal cases) and severe COVID-19 (652 hospitalised cases) in 105,146 generally healthy individuals from UK Biobank, with blood samples collected 2007–2010. The overall signature of metabolic biomarker associations was similar for the risk of severe pneumonia and severe COVID-19. A multi-biomarker score, comprised of 25 proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, and lipids, was associated equally strongly with enhanced susceptibility to severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.9 [95%CI 2.1–3.8] for highest vs lowest quintile) and severe pneumonia events occurring 7–11 years after blood sampling (2.6 [1.7–3.9]). However, the risk for severe pneumonia occurring during the first 2 years after blood sampling for people with elevated levels of the multi-biomarker score was over four times higher than for long-term risk (8.0 [4.1–15.6]). If these hypothesis generating findings on increased susceptibility to severe pneumonia during the first few years after blood sampling extend to severe COVID-19, metabolic biomarker profiling could potentially complement existing tools for identifying individuals at high risk. These results provide novel molecular understanding on how metabolic biomarkers reflect the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and other infections in the general population.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    eLife
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: van Meenen, D.M.P.;

    The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association of intensity of ventilation with outcome and the predictive value of its markers (i.e. driving pressure and mechanical power) as well as the effects of interventions proposed to decrease the intensity of ventilation, such as the use of automated modes of ventilation and prone positioning, in patients with and without the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).In the first part of this thesis, we focused on patients without ARDS, in which we found that driving pressure and mechanical power did not increase the predictive validity of regularly used disease severity scores. Furthermore, in patients after cardiac surgery, the use of an automated mode of ventilation decreased the intensity of mechanical ventilation compared to conventional modes of ventilation. Finally, in patients without ARDS mechanical power was shown to have an association with outcome additional to that of its individual components.The second part of this thesis focusses on patients with ARDS. Here we showed that changes in driving pressure caused by prone positioning, although better than other ventilatory parameters, have a poor predictive capacity for mortality. Lastly, in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 a cumulative exposure to a higher intensity of ventilation was independently associated with worse outcome.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universiteit van Ams...arrow_drop_down
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universiteit van Ams...arrow_drop_down
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rachel P. Rosovsky; Kristen M. Sanfilippo; Tzu-Fei Wang; Sandeep K. Rajan; +10 Authors

    Abstract Background Best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is unknown due to limited published data in this population. Objectives We aimed to assess current global practice and experience in management of COVID‐19–associated coagulopathy to identify information to guide prospective and randomized studies. Methods Physicians were queried about their current approach to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19 using an online survey tool distributed through multiple international organizations between April 10 and 14, 2020. Results Five hundred fifteen physicians from 41 countries responded. The majority of respondents (78%) recommended prophylactic anticoagulation for all hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, with most recommending use of low‐molecular‐weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. Significant practice variation was found regarding the need for dose escalation of anticoagulation outside the setting of confirmed or suspected VTE. Respondents reported the use of bedside testing when unable to perform standard diagnostic imaging for diagnosis of VTE. Two hundred ninety‐one respondents reported observing thrombotic complications in their patients, with 64% noting that the complication was pulmonary embolism. Of the 44% of respondents who estimated incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID‐19 in their hospital, estimates ranged widely from 1% to 50%. One hundred seventy‐four respondents noted bleeding complications (34% minor bleeding, 14% clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and 12% major bleeding). Conclusion Well‐designed epidemiologic studies are urgently needed to understand the incidence and risk factors of VTE and bleeding complications in patients with COVID‐19. Randomized clinical trials addressing use of anticoagulation are also needed.

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    Authors: Haase, A.; Bontje, M.; Rink, D.; Couch, C.; +3 Authors

    Across Europe, many formerly shrinking cities have started to grow again. Regrowth not only relates to population numbers but also to economic performance and is being mirrored in the increased attractiveness of those cities as places to live and work. Set against this background, the chapter analyses the factors driving regrowth in formerly shrinking cities across Europe. Based on an overview how regrowth after shrinkage as a phenomenon has developed during the last decades and giving some empirical examples as an illustration, it discusses the role and relevance of these driving factors, their interplay, and the impact of (local and supra-local) context. As part of a handbook of shrinking cities, the chapter systematically elaborates why some cities turned from population decline towards new growth while others did not. As a result, we also discuss what can be learned from our analysis for the wider urbanisation debate and the future of European urbanisation, particularly in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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    Authors: Alam, Firoj; Shaar, Shaden; Dalvi, Fahim; Sajjad, Hassan; +16 Authors

    With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the political and the medical aspects of disinformation merged as the problem got elevated to a whole new level to become the first global infodemic. Fighting this infodemic has been declared one of the most important focus areas of the World Health Organization, with dangers ranging from promoting fake cures, rumors, and conspiracy theories to spreading xenophobia and panic. Addressing the issue requires solving a number of challenging problems such as identifying messages containing claims, determining their check-worthiness and factuality, and their potential to do harm as well as the nature of that harm, to mention just a few. To address this gap, we release a large dataset of 16K manually annotated tweets for fine-grained disinformation analysis that (i) focuses on COVID-19, (ii) combines the perspectives and the interests of journalists, fact-checkers, social media platforms, policy makers, and society, and (iii) covers Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch, and English. Finally, we show strong evaluation results using pretrained Transformers, thus confirming the practical utility of the dataset in monolingual vs. multilingual, and single task vs. multitask settings. Comment: disinformation, misinformation, factuality, fact-checking, fact-checkers, check-worthiness, Social Media Platforms, COVID-19, social media

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    https://aclanthology.org/2021....
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: van Eijken, H.; Rijpma, J.J.; EU interne-marktrecht; RENFORCE / Regulering en handhaving; +2 Authors

    De razendsnelle verspreiding van covid-19 binnen de EU, leidde ertoe dat lidstaten afzonderlijk een groot aantal maatregelen namen om de verspreiding van het virus in te dammen. Deze vormden een belangrijke beperking van het vrij reizen binnen de EU, als ook van de mogelijkheden om van buiten Europa in te reizen. In deze bijdrage verkennen wij het (ontbreken van een) juridisch kader op EU-niveau voor de herinvoering van controles aan de binnengrenzen en het verbieden van niet-essentiële reizen op grond van de volksgezondheid.

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    We use event-study models based on staggered summer vacations in Germany to estimate the effect of school re-openings after the summer of 2021 on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Estimations are based on daily counts of confirmed coronavirus infections across all 401 German counties. Our results are consistent with mandatory testing contributing to containment of cases by uncovering otherwise undetected (asymptomatic) cases. Case numbers in school-aged children spike in the first week after the summer breaks but then turn not significantly different from zero. Case numbers in prime-aged age groups gradually decrease after school re-openings, arguably as a result of detected clusters through the school testing. The age group 60+ remains unaffected by the school re-openings. We conclude that the combination of mandatory testing and compulsory school attendance can provide an unbiased and near-complete surveillance of the pandemic. Thus, under certain conditions open schools can play a role in containing the spread of the virus. The trade-off between reducing contacts and losing an important monitoring device has to be taken seriously when re-considering school closures as a nonpharmaceutical intervention under the current circumstances.

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    Research . 2021
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    Authors: Hidding, Lisan Mariët;

    Background The majority of children around the world do not meet the physical activity guidelines, spend too much time in sedentary behavior, and children’s sleep duration has declined over the past century. Importantly, sufficient physical activity and sleep are associated with many health benefits. Accurate measurement instruments are necessary to measure these behaviors, e.g. questionnaires, as they can provide additional information on the context of children’s behavior, e.g. what type of activities children engage in. Insight into the levels and contextual information of children’s 24-hour movement behaviors is important for the development of interventions targeting these behaviors, e.g. the types of activities that should be stimulated and locations that facilitate or limit physical activity. Moreover, knowledge on the most important determinants of these behaviors is also necessary for the development of interventions. Especially the perspectives of the key population, the children themselves, can provide valuable insights as they are the experts of their own behavior. Aims 1) Co-create and evaluate a 24-hour movement behavior tool, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, for and together with 9-12-year- old children (MyDailyMoves) 2) Examine potential determinants of children’s sedentary behavior from the perspectives of children and parents and to examine potential determinants of the activity-friendliness of the environment from the adolescent perspective Co-creation of MyDailyMoves The co-creation process of MyDailyMoves started with summarizing the measurement properties of existing questionnaires measuring sedentary behavior (chapter 2) and physical activity (chapter 3) in children in two systematic reviews. Based on the findings of these reviews, the format of MyDailyMoves was established, i.e. the Greek version of the 3DPARecord was the only physical activity questionnaire with acceptable validity, therefore we used a similar format for MyDailyMoves. The format included a timeline and different time segments, which might help the children to more accurately report their activities of the previous day. The next steps of the co-creation (chapter 4) included photovoice and concept mapping sessions in which children indicated important physical activity categories: playing inside, playing outside, sports, hobbies, chores, personal care, transport, and others. Based on the literature, two additional sedentary behavior categories were identified, i.e. schoolwork and screen time, and five domains for sleep, i.e. sleep duration, efficiency, timing, quality, and daytime sleepiness. All physical activity and sedentary behavior categories were added to MyDailyMoves as activities that could be placed on the timeline. Subsequently, questions covering above-mentioned sleep domains were added to MyDailyMoves. The content validity of the first version of MyDailyMoves was examined in separate focus groups with children and researchers (chapter 4). Based on the focus groups the activity category ‘eating’ was added, and an explanatory video was created. Unfortunately, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the construct validity and test-retest reliability study of MyDailyMoves was postponed and is therefore not part of this thesis. Potential determinants of children’s movement behaviors Adolescent-perceived determinants of an activity-friendly environment were examined by conducting concept mapping meetings with secondary school students (chapter 5), aged 13-17 years old. Across all groups, 23 unique potential determinants of an activity-friendly environment were identified, which could be categorized in four domains: 1) physical characteristics, 2) social characteristics, 3) economic characteristics, and 4) motivational characteristics. Potential determinants of children’s sedentary behavior were examined by conducting concept mapping meetings with 11–13-year-old children and parents (chapter 6). Children identified eight to ten potential determinants, and parents identified six to seven potential determinants. Particularly determinants in the physical and the social/cultural environment were rated as most important both by children and parents, e.g. ‘Sitting because it is the norm (I have to)’ and ‘Sitting because I can work/play better that way’.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2021
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    Ten tijde van de Covid-19-pandemie hebben vierdejaars studenten Facility Management de Best Practices onderzocht bij diverse zorginstellingen in Noord-Nederland. Drie organisaties uit de eerstelijnszorg, twee verpleeghuizen en twee ziekenhuizen hebben deelgenomen aan het onderzoek. De studenten hebben medewerkers geïnterviewd en ieder individueel een rapport geschreven met als onderzoeksvraag welke veranderingen nodig zijn. Is het in de zorg “roeien met de riemen die we hebben?” zoals twee respondenten zich afvragen. Eind juni verschijnt een uitgebreide analyse in de vorm van een bachelor scriptie. Nu alvast een eerste beeld van de analyse van de interviews en rapporten.

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    Authors: Wang, Shihan; Schraagen, Marijn; Tjong Kim Sang, Erik; Dastani, Mehdi; +11 Authors

    Public sentiment (the opinion, attitude or feeling that the public expresses) is a factor of interest for government, as it directly influences the implementation of policies. Given the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 crisis, having an up-to-date representation of public sentiment on governmental measures and announcements is crucial. In this paper, we analyse Dutch public sentiment on governmental COVID-19 measures from text data collected across three online media sources (Twitter, Reddit and Nu.nl) from February to September 2020. We apply sentiment analysis methods to analyse polarity over time, as well as to identify stance towards two specific pandemic policies regarding social distancing and wearing face masks. The presented preliminary results provide valuable insights into the narratives shown in vast social media text data, which help understand the influence of COVID-19 measures on the general public.

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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
    Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aclanthology...arrow_drop_down
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      https://aclanthology.org/2020....
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
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    Authors: Heli Julkunen; Anna Cichońska; P Eline Slagboom; Peter Würtz; +1 Authors

    eLife digest National policies for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic include stricter measures for people considered to be at high risk of severe and potentially fatal cases of the disease. Although older age and pre-existing health conditions are strong risk factors, it is poorly understood why susceptibility varies so widely in the population. People with cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes and liver diseases, or chronic inflammation are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 and other infections including pneumonia. These conditions alter the molecules circulating in the blood, providing potential ‘biomarkers’ to determine whether a person is more likely to develop a fatal infection. Uncovering these blood biomarkers could help to identify people who are prone to life-threatening infections despite not having ever been diagnosed with a cardiometabolic disease. To find these biomarkers, Julkunen et al. studied blood samples that had been collected from 105,000 healthy individuals in the United Kingdom over ten years ago. The data showed that individuals with biomarkers linked to low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic disease were more likely to have died or been hospitalised with pneumonia. A score based on 25 of these biomarkers provided the best predictor of severe pneumonia. This biomarker score performed up to four times better within the first few years after blood sampling compared to predicting cases of pneumonia a decade later. The same blood biomarker changes were also linked with developing severe COVID-19 over ten years after the blood samples had been collected. The predictive value of the biomarker score was similar for both severe COVID-19 and the long-term risk of severe pneumonia. Julkunen et al. propose that the metabolic biomarkers reflect inhibited immunity that impairs response to infections. The results from over 100,000 individuals suggest that these blood biomarkers may help to identify people at high risk of severe COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation have been associated with susceptibility to a severe infectious disease course, even when measured prior to disease onset. We investigated whether metabolic biomarkers measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be associated with susceptibility to severe pneumonia (2507 hospitalised or fatal cases) and severe COVID-19 (652 hospitalised cases) in 105,146 generally healthy individuals from UK Biobank, with blood samples collected 2007–2010. The overall signature of metabolic biomarker associations was similar for the risk of severe pneumonia and severe COVID-19. A multi-biomarker score, comprised of 25 proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, and lipids, was associated equally strongly with enhanced susceptibility to severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.9 [95%CI 2.1–3.8] for highest vs lowest quintile) and severe pneumonia events occurring 7–11 years after blood sampling (2.6 [1.7–3.9]). However, the risk for severe pneumonia occurring during the first 2 years after blood sampling for people with elevated levels of the multi-biomarker score was over four times higher than for long-term risk (8.0 [4.1–15.6]). If these hypothesis generating findings on increased susceptibility to severe pneumonia during the first few years after blood sampling extend to severe COVID-19, metabolic biomarker profiling could potentially complement existing tools for identifying individuals at high risk. These results provide novel molecular understanding on how metabolic biomarkers reflect the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and other infections in the general population.

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    Authors: van Meenen, D.M.P.;

    The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association of intensity of ventilation with outcome and the predictive value of its markers (i.e. driving pressure and mechanical power) as well as the effects of interventions proposed to decrease the intensity of ventilation, such as the use of automated modes of ventilation and prone positioning, in patients with and without the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).In the first part of this thesis, we focused on patients without ARDS, in which we found that driving pressure and mechanical power did not increase the predictive validity of regularly used disease severity scores. Furthermore, in patients after cardiac surgery, the use of an automated mode of ventilation decreased the intensity of mechanical ventilation compared to conventional modes of ventilation. Finally, in patients without ARDS mechanical power was shown to have an association with outcome additional to that of its individual components.The second part of this thesis focusses on patients with ARDS. Here we showed that changes in driving pressure caused by prone positioning, although better than other ventilatory parameters, have a poor predictive capacity for mortality. Lastly, in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 a cumulative exposure to a higher intensity of ventilation was independently associated with worse outcome.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Rachel P. Rosovsky; Kristen M. Sanfilippo; Tzu-Fei Wang; Sandeep K. Rajan; +10 Authors

    Abstract Background Best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is unknown due to limited published data in this population. Objectives We aimed to assess current global practice and experience in management of COVID‐19–associated coagulopathy to identify information to guide prospective and randomized studies. Methods Physicians were queried about their current approach to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19 using an online survey tool distributed through multiple international organizations between April 10 and 14, 2020. Results Five hundred fifteen physicians from 41 countries responded. The majority of respondents (78%) recommended prophylactic anticoagulation for all hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, with most recommending use of low‐molecular‐weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. Significant practice variation was found regarding the need for dose escalation of anticoagulation outside the setting of confirmed or suspected VTE. Respondents reported the use of bedside testing when unable to perform standard diagnostic imaging for diagnosis of VTE. Two hundred ninety‐one respondents reported observing thrombotic complications in their patients, with 64% noting that the complication was pulmonary embolism. Of the 44% of respondents who estimated incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID‐19 in their hospital, estimates ranged widely from 1% to 50%. One hundred seventy‐four respondents noted bleeding complications (34% minor bleeding, 14% clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and 12% major bleeding). Conclusion Well‐designed epidemiologic studies are urgently needed to understand the incidence and risk factors of VTE and bleeding complications in patients with COVID‐19. Randomized clinical trials addressing use of anticoagulation are also needed.

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    Authors: Haase, A.; Bontje, M.; Rink, D.; Couch, C.; +3 Authors

    Across Europe, many formerly shrinking cities have started to grow again. Regrowth not only relates to population numbers but also to economic performance and is being mirrored in the increased attractiveness of those cities as places to live and work. Set against this background, the chapter analyses the factors driving regrowth in formerly shrinking cities across Europe. Based on an overview how regrowth after shrinkage as a phenomenon has developed during the last decades and giving some empirical examples as an illustration, it discusses the role and relevance of these driving factors, their interplay, and the impact of (local and supra-local) context. As part of a handbook of shrinking cities, the chapter systematically elaborates why some cities turned from population decline towards new growth while others did not. As a result, we also discuss what can be learned from our analysis for the wider urbanisation debate and the future of European urbanisation, particularly in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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    Authors: Alam, Firoj; Shaar, Shaden; Dalvi, Fahim; Sajjad, Hassan; +16 Authors

    With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the political and the medical aspects of disinformation merged as the problem got elevated to a whole new level to become the first global infodemic. Fighting this infodemic has been declared one of the most important focus areas of the World Health Organization, with dangers ranging from promoting fake cures, rumors, and conspiracy theories to spreading xenophobia and panic. Addressing the issue requires solving a number of challenging problems such as identifying messages containing claims, determining their check-worthiness and factuality, and their potential to do harm as well as the nature of that harm, to mention just a few. To address this gap, we release a large dataset of 16K manually annotated tweets for fine-grained disinformation analysis that (i) focuses on COVID-19, (ii) combines the perspectives and the interests of journalists, fact-checkers, social media platforms, policy makers, and society, and (iii) covers Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch, and English. Finally, we show strong evaluation results using pretrained Transformers, thus confirming the practical utility of the dataset in monolingual vs. multilingual, and single task vs. multitask settings. Comment: disinformation, misinformation, factuality, fact-checking, fact-checkers, check-worthiness, Social Media Platforms, COVID-19, social media

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    https://aclanthology.org/2021....
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY NC SA
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: van Eijken, H.; Rijpma, J.J.; EU interne-marktrecht; RENFORCE / Regulering en handhaving; +2 Authors

    De razendsnelle verspreiding van covid-19 binnen de EU, leidde ertoe dat lidstaten afzonderlijk een groot aantal maatregelen namen om de verspreiding van het virus in te dammen. Deze vormden een belangrijke beperking van het vrij reizen binnen de EU, als ook van de mogelijkheden om van buiten Europa in te reizen. In deze bijdrage verkennen wij het (ontbreken van een) juridisch kader op EU-niveau voor de herinvoering van controles aan de binnengrenzen en het verbieden van niet-essentiële reizen op grond van de volksgezondheid.

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    Article . 2020
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    We use event-study models based on staggered summer vacations in Germany to estimate the effect of school re-openings after the summer of 2021 on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Estimations are based on daily counts of confirmed coronavirus infections across all 401 German counties. Our results are consistent with mandatory testing contributing to containment of cases by uncovering otherwise undetected (asymptomatic) cases. Case numbers in school-aged children spike in the first week after the summer breaks but then turn not significantly different from zero. Case numbers in prime-aged age groups gradually decrease after school re-openings, arguably as a result of detected clusters through the school testing. The age group 60+ remains unaffected by the school re-openings. We conclude that the combination of mandatory testing and compulsory school attendance can provide an unbiased and near-complete surveillance of the pandemic. Thus, under certain conditions open schools can play a role in containing the spread of the virus. The trade-off between reducing contacts and losing an important monitoring device has to be taken seriously when re-considering school closures as a nonpharmaceutical intervention under the current circumstances.

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    Research . 2021
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    Authors: Hidding, Lisan Mariët;

    Background The majority of children around the world do not meet the physical activity guidelines, spend too much time in sedentary behavior, and children’s sleep duration has declined over the past century. Importantly, sufficient physical activity and sleep are associated with many health benefits. Accurate measurement instruments are necessary to measure these behaviors, e.g. questionnaires, as they can provide additional information on the context of children’s behavior, e.g. what type of activities children engage in. Insight into the levels and contextual information of children’s 24-hour movement behaviors is important for the development of interventions targeting these behaviors, e.g. the types of activities that should be stimulated and locations that facilitate or limit physical activity. Moreover, knowledge on the most important determinants of these behaviors is also necessary for the development of interventions. Especially the perspectives of the key population, the children themselves, can provide valuable insights as they are the experts of their own behavior. Aims 1) Co-create and evaluate a 24-hour movement behavior tool, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, for and together with 9-12-year- old children (MyDailyMoves) 2) Examine potential determinants of children’s sedentary behavior from the perspectives of children and parents and to examine potential determinants of the activity-friendliness of the environment from the adolescent perspective Co-creation of MyDailyMoves The co-creation process of MyDailyMoves started with summarizing the measurement properties of existing questionnaires measuring sedentary behavior (chapter 2) and physical activity (chapter 3) in children in two systematic reviews. Based on the findings of these reviews, the format of MyDailyMoves was established, i.e. the Greek version of the 3DPARecord was the only physical activity questionnaire with acceptable validity, therefore we used a similar format for MyDailyMoves. The format included a timeline and different time segments, which might help the children to more accurately report their activities of the previous day. The next steps of the co-creation (chapter 4) included photovoice and concept mapping sessions in which children indicated important physical activity categories: playing inside, playing outside, sports, hobbies, chores, personal care, transport, and others. Based on the literature, two additional sedentary behavior categories were identified, i.e. schoolwork and screen time, and five domains for sleep, i.e. sleep duration, efficiency, timing, quality, and daytime sleepiness. All physical activity and sedentary behavior categories were added to MyDailyMoves as activities that could be placed on the timeline. Subsequently, questions covering above-mentioned sleep domains were added to MyDailyMoves. The content validity of the first version of MyDailyMoves was examined in separate focus groups with children and researchers (chapter 4). Based on the focus groups the activity category ‘eating’ was added, and an explanatory video was created. Unfortunately, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the construct validity and test-retest reliability study of MyDailyMoves was postponed and is therefore not part of this thesis. Potential determinants of children’s movement behaviors Adolescent-perceived determinants of an activity-friendly environment were examined by conducting concept mapping meetings with secondary school students (chapter 5), aged 13-17 years old. Across all groups, 23 unique potential determinants of an activity-friendly environment were identified, which could be categorized in four domains: 1) physical characteristics, 2) social characteristics, 3) economic characteristics, and 4) motivational characteristics. Potential determinants of children’s sedentary behavior were examined by conducting concept mapping meetings with 11–13-year-old children and parents (chapter 6). Children identified eight to ten potential determinants, and parents identified six to seven potential determinants. Particularly determinants in the physical and the social/cultural environment were rated as most important both by children and parents, e.g. ‘Sitting because it is the norm (I have to)’ and ‘Sitting because I can work/play better that way’.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2021
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