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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mondragón-Valero, Alba; Velázquez Martí, Borja; Salazar Hernández, Domingo Manuel; López- Cortés, I;

    [EN] The importance of replacing fossil fuels with new energy routes such as the use of biomass leads to the improvement of sources such as agricultural and forest systems through adequate management techniques. The selection of the vegetal material and the management practices can influence the properties and quality of the obtained biofuel. The properties of the biomass obtained from pruning almond trees (Prunus dulcis (Mill)) have been analyzed in this study. Two varieties were tested, Marcona and Vayro, with three rootstocks, GF305, GF677 and GN Garnem, under different fertilization systems. The quality of the biofuel was evaluated with respect to the chemical composition and gross calorific value. We observed that the variables that mostly influenced the gross calorific value of the biomass were the variety, the rootstock and, primarily, the variety-rootstock interaction. Marcona presented better biomass properties than Vayro. Trees grafted on GF305 obtained a higher gross calorific value than the ones grafted on GF677 and GN Garnem. The percentage of nitrogen highly depended on the fertilization treatment applied, with saccharides and aminoacid fertilization accumulating a higher level of nitrogen than the humic and fluvic fertilization. This work was funded by Project 20170734. Development of methods of quantification of riparian vegetation biomass for the management of channels of the Comunitat Valenciana. Direccion General de Universidades. Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2018
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    Other literature type . 2018
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    Article . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ghaffarian, S.;
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Twente...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kurian, M.; Ratna Reddy, V.; Dietz, A.J.; Brdjanovic, D.;

    Urbanization is known to spur land modification in the form of conversion of common land to human settlements. This factor, combined with climate variability, can alter the duration, frequency and intensity of storm drain overflows in urban areas and lead to public health risks. In peri-urban regions where these risks are especially high it has been argued that, when domestic wastewater is managed, better prospects for freshwater water savings through swaps between urban water supply and irrigated agriculture may be possible. As a consequence of re-use of domestic wastewater, expenditure on inorganic inputs by farmers may decline and source sustainability of water supply could be enhanced. Given the fact that, at present, approximately 20 million ha of land worldwide is being cultivated by re-using domestic wastewater, this paper draws on evidence from India to explore: (1) the economic costs-benefits of wastewater reuse in the context of hypothesized links to climate variability; (2) the role of local farming practices, market conditions and crop variety in influencing wastewater reuse in agriculture; and (3) the role of inter-governmental financing in influencing the selection of technical adaptation options for collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Sustainability Science
    Article . 2013 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
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      Sustainability Science
      Article . 2013 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leon T. Hauser; Jean-Baptiste Féret; Nguyen An Binh; Niels van der Windt; +4 Authors

    Large-scale high-resolution satellite observations of plant functional diversity patterns will greatly benefit our ability to study ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable approach that uses aggregate plant traits estimated from radiative transfer model (RTM) inversion of Sentinel-2 satellite images to calculate community patterns of plant functional diversity. Trait retrieval relied on simulations and Look-up Tables (LUTs) generated by a RTM rather than heavily depending on a priori field data and data-driven statistical learning. This independence from in-situ training data benefits its scalability as relevant field data remains scarce and difficult to acquire. We ran a total of three different inversion algorithms that are representative of commonly applied approaches and we used two different metrics to calculate functional diversity. In tandem with Sentinel-2 image-based estimation of plant traits, we measured Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf Chlorophyll content (CAB), and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) in-situ in a (semi-)natural heterogeneous landscape (Montesinho region) located in northern Portugal. Sampling plots were scaled and georeferenced to match the satellite observed pixels and thereby allowed for a direct one-to-one posterior ground truth validation of individual traits and functional diversity. Across approaches, we observe a reasonable correspondence between the satellite-based retrievals and the insitu observations in terms of the relative distribution of individual trait means and plant functional diversity across locations despite the heterogeneity of the landscape and canopies. The functional diversity estimates, based on a combination of canopy and leaf traits, were robust against estimation biases in trait means. Particularly, the convex hull volume estimate of functional diversity showed strong concordance with in-situ observations across all three inversion methods (Spearman's rho: 0.67-0.80). The remotely sensed estimates of functional diversity also related to in-situ taxonomic diversity (Spearman's rho: 0.55-0.63). Our work highlights the potential and challenges of RTM-based functional diversity metrics to study spatial community-level ecological patterns using currently operational and publicly available Sentinel-2 imagery. While further validation and assessment across different ecosystems and larger datasets are needed, the study contributes towards a further maturation of scalable, spatially, and temporally explicit methods for functional diversity assessments from space. The authors would like to acknowledge Christian Rossi, Prof. Geof-frey M. Henebry, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported financially by the Ecology Fund of the RoyalNetherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (‘KNAW Fonds Ecologie’; KNAWWF/807/19011). We thank Altino Geraldes, Joao Carlos Aze-vedo, and the local farmers and foresters in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site for their help and collaboration. We thank Emilie Didaskalou for her lab assistance. J.-B. F ́eret acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project—ANR- 17-32CE-0001).

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    Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: van Soesbergen, A.; Brouwer, R.; Baan, P.; Hellegers, P.J.G.J.; +1 Authors
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    Report . Other literature type . 2007
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    Report . 2008
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      Report . Other literature type . 2007
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      Report . 2008
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    Authors: Liebana Carrascosa, Alvaro;

    [ES] Hoy en día, gran parte de nuestra dieta está compuesta por alimentos que provienen de los árboles. Las raíces son las encargadas de absorber, almacenar y transportar los recursos que obtienen del agua, y en este proyecto nos centraremos en conocer las características que las rodean a varios niveles de profundidad para así saber cómo se está gestionando el agua en el suelo y planificar de una manera más acertada la cantidad de agua necesaria para evitar el estrés hídrico y el riego excesivo. Para llevarlo a cabo, utilizaremos sensores de humedad del suelo controlados por una placa con el procesador ESP32 que programaremos para que lea correctamente estos datos, los interprete, y muestre de la forma más clara posible la información de los distintos niveles mencionados. Otro de los fines de este proyecto es que sea accesible para todos, para lo cual es imprescindible que sea económico y que se ha conseguido gracias a que sus componentes tienen un bajo coste. Además, se ha diseñado un sistema de carga solar para que el dispositivo funcione de manera limpia y también así alargar la duración de la batería. La placa incorpora conectividad inalámbrica Wifi que enviará los datos a ThingSpeak. [EN] Today, much of our diet consists of food that comes from trees. The roots are responsible for absorbing, storing and transporting resources obtained from water, and in this project we have focused on knowing the characteristics of moisture that surround them at various levels of depth to know how water in the soil is being managed, and be able to plan more accurately the amount of water needed to avoid stress and excessive watering. To carry it out, we will use soil moisture sensors controlled by an ESP32 board, which we will have programmed to read this data correctly, and interpret and display it as clearly as possible on a screen so that any user can check the information of the different levels mentioned. Another aim of this project is that it should be accessible to all, for which it is essential that it is economical and that it has been achieved thanks to the low cost of its components. In addition, a solar charging system for the device has been designed to work cleanly and to extend the battery life. The used ESP32 board incorporates Wi-Fi that will send the data to ThingSpeak.

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    Authors: Weert, J. de; Buijs, S.; Tamis, W.L.M.; Zelfde, M. van 't;
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    Authors: Van Teeffelen, Kees; Dresscher, Douwe; Van Dijk, Wietse; Stramigioli, Stefano;

    Humans have multiple ways to adapt their arm dynamics to the task they have to perform. One way of doing this is through co-contraction of antagonist muscles. In telemanipulation this ability is easily lost due to time delays, quantization effects, bandwidth or hardware limitations. In this work a new concept for telemanipulation is presented. The end-point stiffness of a (simulated) telerobot is controlled via a variable impedance controller. The end effector stiffness scales with an estimate of the co-contraction around the elbow of the teleoperator. The telemanipulation concept was evaluated with ten subjects that performed two telemanipulation tasks in six different conditions. Three impedance levels: Low, high, and variable, and two delay settings. The first task was on positioning accuracy, the second task on impact minimization. We have shown that low and variable impedance performed significantly better on the force task than high impedance. We have also shown that high and variable impedance performed significantly better on the position task than low impedance. This shows that the human ability to control arm stiffness can effectively be transferred to a telemanipulated robot.

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    Authors: Figás-Moreno, María Del Rosario; Prohens Tomás, Jaime; Díez Niclós, Mª José Teresa De Jesús; Soler Aleixandre, Salvador;

    Authors are grateful to European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme for funding under grant agreements 634561 (Traditional tomato varieties and cultural practices: a case for agricultural diversification with impact on food security and health of European population; TRADITOM), 677379 (Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops; G2P-SOL), 774244 (Breeding for resilient, efficient and sustainable organic vegetable production; BRESOV), and 774271 (Networking, partnerships and tools to enhance in situ conservation of European plant genetic resources; Farmers' Pride).

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    Authors: Lagerwerf, L.A.; Bannink, A.; van Bruggen, C.; Groenestein, C.M.; +6 Authors

    Nederland rapporteert elk jaar nationaal en internationaal hoeveel stoffen de landbouw uitstoot naar de lucht. Het gaat om alle stoffen uit de landbouw die in de Emissieregistratie voorkomen. Denk aan broeikasgassen en stoffen die luchtverontreiniging veroorzaken, zoals ammoniak en fijnstof. De emissieberekeningen worden uitgevoerd op basis van internationale richtlijnen. De uitstoot wordt berekend met het National Emission Model for Agriculture (NEMA), dat in Nederland is ontwikkeld. Het NEMA berekent de uitstoot van stoffen voor bijvoorbeeld stallen, mestopslag, en het gebruik van mest. Het NEMA wordt ook gebruikt om emissies zoals methaan uit verschillende dieren en mest te berekenen. Dit model wordt elk jaar aangepast aan de nieuwste wetenschappelijke inzichten. Dit keer zijn de methoden beschreven die voor verschillende stoffen worden gebruikt, en de wijzigingen die zijn doorgevoerd. Dit keer zijn onder andere de zogeheten emissiefactoren voor bepaalde emissiearme stallen aangepast. Uit nieuwe inzichten blijkt dat er meer stikstof uit stallen vrijkomt dan eerder werd gedacht. De emissiefactor voor de uitstoot van de bemesting van grasland blijkt juist kleiner. De gegevens over de uitstoot zijn openbaar via de website emissieregistratie.nl. Ze worden gebruikt voor rapportages die vanwege internationale verdragen verplicht zijn, zoals het Kyoto-protocol, de Europese Emissieplafonds (NEC-Directive) en de Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Dit rapport is ook de basis voor de reviewers die de Nederlandse rapportages aan de Europese Unie en Verenigde Naties valideren.

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    Report . Other literature type . 2019
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    Report . 2019
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      Report . Other literature type . 2019
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    Authors: Mondragón-Valero, Alba; Velázquez Martí, Borja; Salazar Hernández, Domingo Manuel; López- Cortés, I;

    [EN] The importance of replacing fossil fuels with new energy routes such as the use of biomass leads to the improvement of sources such as agricultural and forest systems through adequate management techniques. The selection of the vegetal material and the management practices can influence the properties and quality of the obtained biofuel. The properties of the biomass obtained from pruning almond trees (Prunus dulcis (Mill)) have been analyzed in this study. Two varieties were tested, Marcona and Vayro, with three rootstocks, GF305, GF677 and GN Garnem, under different fertilization systems. The quality of the biofuel was evaluated with respect to the chemical composition and gross calorific value. We observed that the variables that mostly influenced the gross calorific value of the biomass were the variety, the rootstock and, primarily, the variety-rootstock interaction. Marcona presented better biomass properties than Vayro. Trees grafted on GF305 obtained a higher gross calorific value than the ones grafted on GF677 and GN Garnem. The percentage of nitrogen highly depended on the fertilization treatment applied, with saccharides and aminoacid fertilization accumulating a higher level of nitrogen than the humic and fluvic fertilization. This work was funded by Project 20170734. Development of methods of quantification of riparian vegetation biomass for the management of channels of the Comunitat Valenciana. Direccion General de Universidades. Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).

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    Energies
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    Article . 2018
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    RiuNet
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    Authors: Ghaffarian, S.;
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    Authors: Kurian, M.; Ratna Reddy, V.; Dietz, A.J.; Brdjanovic, D.;

    Urbanization is known to spur land modification in the form of conversion of common land to human settlements. This factor, combined with climate variability, can alter the duration, frequency and intensity of storm drain overflows in urban areas and lead to public health risks. In peri-urban regions where these risks are especially high it has been argued that, when domestic wastewater is managed, better prospects for freshwater water savings through swaps between urban water supply and irrigated agriculture may be possible. As a consequence of re-use of domestic wastewater, expenditure on inorganic inputs by farmers may decline and source sustainability of water supply could be enhanced. Given the fact that, at present, approximately 20 million ha of land worldwide is being cultivated by re-using domestic wastewater, this paper draws on evidence from India to explore: (1) the economic costs-benefits of wastewater reuse in the context of hypothesized links to climate variability; (2) the role of local farming practices, market conditions and crop variety in influencing wastewater reuse in agriculture; and (3) the role of inter-governmental financing in influencing the selection of technical adaptation options for collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater.

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    Sustainability Science
    Article . 2013 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Sustainability Science
      Article . 2013 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Leon T. Hauser; Jean-Baptiste Féret; Nguyen An Binh; Niels van der Windt; +4 Authors

    Large-scale high-resolution satellite observations of plant functional diversity patterns will greatly benefit our ability to study ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable approach that uses aggregate plant traits estimated from radiative transfer model (RTM) inversion of Sentinel-2 satellite images to calculate community patterns of plant functional diversity. Trait retrieval relied on simulations and Look-up Tables (LUTs) generated by a RTM rather than heavily depending on a priori field data and data-driven statistical learning. This independence from in-situ training data benefits its scalability as relevant field data remains scarce and difficult to acquire. We ran a total of three different inversion algorithms that are representative of commonly applied approaches and we used two different metrics to calculate functional diversity. In tandem with Sentinel-2 image-based estimation of plant traits, we measured Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf Chlorophyll content (CAB), and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) in-situ in a (semi-)natural heterogeneous landscape (Montesinho region) located in northern Portugal. Sampling plots were scaled and georeferenced to match the satellite observed pixels and thereby allowed for a direct one-to-one posterior ground truth validation of individual traits and functional diversity. Across approaches, we observe a reasonable correspondence between the satellite-based retrievals and the insitu observations in terms of the relative distribution of individual trait means and plant functional diversity across locations despite the heterogeneity of the landscape and canopies. The functional diversity estimates, based on a combination of canopy and leaf traits, were robust against estimation biases in trait means. Particularly, the convex hull volume estimate of functional diversity showed strong concordance with in-situ observations across all three inversion methods (Spearman's rho: 0.67-0.80). The remotely sensed estimates of functional diversity also related to in-situ taxonomic diversity (Spearman's rho: 0.55-0.63). Our work highlights the potential and challenges of RTM-based functional diversity metrics to study spatial community-level ecological patterns using currently operational and publicly available Sentinel-2 imagery. While further validation and assessment across different ecosystems and larger datasets are needed, the study contributes towards a further maturation of scalable, spatially, and temporally explicit methods for functional diversity assessments from space. The authors would like to acknowledge Christian Rossi, Prof. Geof-frey M. Henebry, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported financially by the Ecology Fund of the RoyalNetherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (‘KNAW Fonds Ecologie’; KNAWWF/807/19011). We thank Altino Geraldes, Joao Carlos Aze-vedo, and the local farmers and foresters in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site for their help and collaboration. We thank Emilie Didaskalou for her lab assistance. J.-B. F ́eret acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project—ANR- 17-32CE-0001).

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    Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: van Soesbergen, A.; Brouwer, R.; Baan, P.; Hellegers, P.J.G.J.; +1 Authors
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    Report . Other literature type . 2007
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    Report . 2008
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      Report . Other literature type . 2007
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      Report . 2008
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    Authors: Liebana Carrascosa, Alvaro;

    [ES] Hoy en día, gran parte de nuestra dieta está compuesta por alimentos que provienen de los árboles. Las raíces son las encargadas de absorber, almacenar y transportar los recursos que obtienen del agua, y en este proyecto nos centraremos en conocer las características que las rodean a varios niveles de profundidad para así saber cómo se está gestionando el agua en el suelo y planificar de una manera más acertada la cantidad de agua necesaria para evitar el estrés hídrico y el riego excesivo. Para llevarlo a cabo, utilizaremos sensores de humedad del suelo controlados por una placa con el procesador ESP32 que programaremos para que lea correctamente estos datos, los interprete, y muestre de la forma más clara posible la información de los distintos niveles mencionados. Otro de los fines de este proyecto es que sea accesible para todos, para lo cual es imprescindible que sea económico y que se ha conseguido gracias a que sus componentes tienen un bajo coste. Además, se ha diseñado un sistema de carga solar para que el dispositivo funcione de manera limpia y también así alargar la duración de la batería. La placa incorpora conectividad inalámbrica Wifi que enviará los datos a ThingSpeak. [EN] Today, much of our diet consists of food that comes from trees. The roots are responsible for absorbing, storing and transporting resources obtained from water, and in this project we have focused on knowing the characteristics of moisture that surround them at various levels of depth to know how water in the soil is being managed, and be able to plan more accurately the amount of water needed to avoid stress and excessive watering. To carry it out, we will use soil moisture sensors controlled by an ESP32 board, which we will have programmed to read this data correctly, and interpret and display it as clearly as possible on a screen so that any user can check the information of the different levels mentioned. Another aim of this project is that it should be accessible to all, for which it is essential that it is economical and that it has been achieved thanks to the low cost of its components. In addition, a solar charging system for the device has been designed to work cleanly and to extend the battery life. The used ESP32 board incorporates Wi-Fi that will send the data to ThingSpeak.

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    Authors: Weert, J. de; Buijs, S.; Tamis, W.L.M.; Zelfde, M. van 't;
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    Authors: Van Teeffelen, Kees; Dresscher, Douwe; Van Dijk, Wietse; Stramigioli, Stefano;

    Humans have multiple ways to adapt their arm dynamics to the task they have to perform. One way of doing this is through co-contraction of antagonist muscles. In telemanipulation this ability is easily lost due to time delays, quantization effects, bandwidth or hardware limitations. In this work a new concept for telemanipulation is presented. The end-point stiffness of a (simulated) telerobot is controlled via a variable impedance controller. The end effector stiffness scales with an estimate of the co-contraction around the elbow of the teleoperator. The telemanipulation concept was evaluated with ten subjects that performed two telemanipulation tasks in six different conditions. Three impedance levels: Low, high, and variable, and two delay settings. The first task was on positioning accuracy, the second task on impact minimization. We have shown that low and variable impedance performed significantly better on the force task than high impedance. We have also shown that high and variable impedance performed significantly better on the position task than low impedance. This shows that the human ability to control arm stiffness can effectively be transferred to a telemanipulated robot.

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    Authors: Figás-Moreno, María Del Rosario; Prohens Tomás, Jaime; Díez Niclós, Mª José Teresa De Jesús; Soler Aleixandre, Salvador;

    Authors are grateful to European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme for funding under grant agreements 634561 (Traditional tomato varieties and cultural practices: a case for agricultural diversification with impact on food security and health of European population; TRADITOM), 677379 (Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops; G2P-SOL), 774244 (Breeding for resilient, efficient and sustainable organic vegetable production; BRESOV), and 774271 (Networking, partnerships and tools to enhance in situ conservation of European plant genetic resources; Farmers' Pride).

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    Authors: Lagerwerf, L.A.; Bannink, A.; van Bruggen, C.; Groenestein, C.M.; +6 Authors

    Nederland rapporteert elk jaar nationaal en internationaal hoeveel stoffen de landbouw uitstoot naar de lucht. Het gaat om alle stoffen uit de landbouw die in de Emissieregistratie voorkomen. Denk aan broeikasgassen en stoffen die luchtverontreiniging veroorzaken, zoals ammoniak en fijnstof. De emissieberekeningen worden uitgevoerd op basis van internationale richtlijnen. De uitstoot wordt berekend met het National Emission Model for Agriculture (NEMA), dat in Nederland is ontwikkeld. Het NEMA berekent de uitstoot van stoffen voor bijvoorbeeld stallen, mestopslag, en het gebruik van mest. Het NEMA wordt ook gebruikt om emissies zoals methaan uit verschillende dieren en mest te berekenen. Dit model wordt elk jaar aangepast aan de nieuwste wetenschappelijke inzichten. Dit keer zijn de methoden beschreven die voor verschillende stoffen worden gebruikt, en de wijzigingen die zijn doorgevoerd. Dit keer zijn onder andere de zogeheten emissiefactoren voor bepaalde emissiearme stallen aangepast. Uit nieuwe inzichten blijkt dat er meer stikstof uit stallen vrijkomt dan eerder werd gedacht. De emissiefactor voor de uitstoot van de bemesting van grasland blijkt juist kleiner. De gegevens over de uitstoot zijn openbaar via de website emissieregistratie.nl. Ze worden gebruikt voor rapportages die vanwege internationale verdragen verplicht zijn, zoals het Kyoto-protocol, de Europese Emissieplafonds (NEC-Directive) en de Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Dit rapport is ook de basis voor de reviewers die de Nederlandse rapportages aan de Europese Unie en Verenigde Naties valideren.

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    Report . Other literature type . 2019
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    Report . 2019
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      Report . Other literature type . 2019
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