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    International audience; Energy storage applications are explored from a prosumer (consumers with generation) perspective for the island of Madeira in Portugal. These applications could also be relevant to other power networks. We formulate a convex co-optimization problem for performing arbitrage under zero feed-in tariff, increasing self-sufficiency by increasing self-consumption of locally generated renewable energy, provide peak shaving and act as a backup power source during anticipated and scheduled power outages. Using real data from Madeira we perform short and long timescale simulations in order to select end-user contract which maximizes their gains considering storage degradation based on operational cycles. We observe energy storage ramping capability decides peak shaving potential, fast ramping batteries can significantly reduce peak demand charge. The numerical experiment indicates that storage providing backup does not significantly reduce gains performing arbitrage and peak demand shaving. Furthermore, we also use AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) forecasting along with Model Predic-tive Control (MPC) for real-time implementation of the proposed optimization problem in the presence of uncertainty.

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    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.0046...
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    Authors: Jean-Christophe Raut; Louis Marelle; Jerome D. Fast; Jennie L. Thomas; +9 Authors

    During the ACCESS airborne campaign in July 2012, extensive boreal forest fires resulted in significant aerosol transport to the Arctic. A 10-day episode combining intense biomass burning over Siberia and low-pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean resulted in efficient transport of plumes containing black carbon (BC) towards the Arctic, mostly in the upper troposphere (6–8 km). A combination of in situ observations (DLR Falcon aircraft), satellite analysis and WRF-Chem simulations is used to understand the vertical and horizontal transport mechanisms of BC with a focus on the role of wet removal. Between the northwestern Norwegian coast and the Svalbard archipelago, the Falcon aircraft sampled plumes with enhanced CO concentrations up to 200 ppbv and BC mixing ratios up to 25 ng kg−1. During transport to the Arctic region, a large fraction of BC particles are scavenged by two wet deposition processes, namely wet removal by large-scale precipitation and removal in wet convective updrafts, with both processes contributing almost equally to the total accumulated deposition of BC. Our results underline that applying a finer horizontal resolution (40 instead of 100 km) improves the model performance, as it significantly reduces the overestimation of BC levels observed at a coarser resolution in the mid-troposphere. According to the simulations at 40 km, the transport efficiency of BC (TEBC) in biomass burning plumes was larger (60 %), because it was impacted by small accumulated precipitation along trajectory (1 mm). In contrast TEBC was small (< 30 %) and accumulated precipitation amounts were larger (5–10 mm) in plumes influenced by urban anthropogenic sources and flaring activities in northern Russia, resulting in transport to lower altitudes. TEBC due to large-scale precipitation is responsible for a sharp meridional gradient in the distribution of BC concentrations. Wet removal in cumulus clouds is the cause of modeled vertical gradient of TEBC, especially in the mid-latitudes, reflecting the distribution of convective precipitation, but is dominated in the Arctic region by the large-scale wet removal associated with the formation of stratocumulus clouds in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that produce frequent drizzle.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20...
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    Authors: Genovart, Meritxell; Gimenez, Olivier,; Bertolero, Albert; Remi, Choquet; +2 Authors

    AbstractUnderstanding the behaviour of a population under perturbations is crucial and can help to mitigate the effects of global change. Sociality can influence the dynamics of behavioural processes and plays an important role on populations’ resilience. However little is known about the effects of perturbations on the social cohesion of group-living animals.To explore the strength of social cohesion and its dynamics under perturbations, we studied an ecological system involving a colonial, long-lived species living in a site experiencing a shift to a perturbed regime. This regime, caused by the invasion of predators, led this colony to hold from 70% to only 3% of the total world population in only one decade. Because birds breed aggregated in discrete and annually changing patches within large colonies, we could disentangle whether annual aggregation was random or resulted from social bonding among individuals. Our goals were 1) to uncover if there was any long-term social bonding between individuals and 2) to examine whether the perturbation regime affected social cohesion.We explored social cohesion by means of contingency tables and, within the Social Network Analysis framework, by modeling interdependencies among observations using additive and multiplicative effects (AME) and accounted for missing data. We analysed 25 years of monitoring with an individual capture-recapture database of more than 3,500 individuals.We showed that social bonding occurs over years in this species. We additionally show that social bonding strongly decreased after the perturbation regime. We propose that sociality and individual behavioural heterogeneity have been playing a major role driving dispersal and thus population dynamics over the study period.Perturbations may lead not only to changes in individuals’ behaviours and fitness but also to a change in populations’ social cohesion. The demographic consequences of the breaking down of social bonds are still not well understood, but they can be critical for population dynamics of social species. Further studies considering individual heterogeneity, sociality and different types of perturbations should be carried out to improve our understanding on the resilience of social species.

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    Authors: Codron, Jean Marie; Adanacioglu, Hakan; Aubert, Magali; Bouhsina, Zouhair; +4 Authors

    Deliverable D16. Projet FP7 : SUSTAINMED - Sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean Partner Countries.; International audience; Fresh produce pesticides safety risks have grown during the last twenty years, into a major concern of north European consumers and governments. Although Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) consumers are not yet very demanding as regards to fresh produce safety, risks are significant and increasingly taken into consideration by MPC local governments and modern food chain operators. Product standards (Maximum Residue Limits) and more recently process standards (Good Agricultural Practices, GAP) have turned into the most efficient solution to control and reduce the level of pesticides on fresh produce. Defined by a variety of public and private actors, they are implemented and controlled at different levels of the chain by public and private actors as well. Accordingly, safety control has turned into a key issue for the development of MPC fresh produce export and local markets. Task 4 of Work Package 5 expands on safety control issues and give insights into how MPC fresh fruits and vegetables chains organise to comply with private and public, national and international safety standards and thus get access to export and modern domestic markets. The deliverable deals with food safety control in the MPCs or more precisely pesticide safety risk management in high value chains of Morocco and Turkey. More precisely, it aims at identifying and analyzing: the diversity of management schemes implemented by local growers to comply with public and private standards, both in the export and domestic high value chains; the economic, organisational, and institutional drivers of the diffusion of those standards in MPCs; the individual determinants of the adoption of specific pest management patterns and farm product certification.

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    International audience; Energy storage applications are explored from a prosumer (consumers with generation) perspective for the island of Madeira in Portugal. These applications could also be relevant to other power networks. We formulate a convex co-optimization problem for performing arbitrage under zero feed-in tariff, increasing self-sufficiency by increasing self-consumption of locally generated renewable energy, provide peak shaving and act as a backup power source during anticipated and scheduled power outages. Using real data from Madeira we perform short and long timescale simulations in order to select end-user contract which maximizes their gains considering storage degradation based on operational cycles. We observe energy storage ramping capability decides peak shaving potential, fast ramping batteries can significantly reduce peak demand charge. The numerical experiment indicates that storage providing backup does not significantly reduce gains performing arbitrage and peak demand shaving. Furthermore, we also use AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) forecasting along with Model Predic-tive Control (MPC) for real-time implementation of the proposed optimization problem in the presence of uncertainty.

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      Other literature type . 2019
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      Presentation . 2019
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Jean-Christophe Raut; Louis Marelle; Jerome D. Fast; Jennie L. Thomas; +9 Authors

    During the ACCESS airborne campaign in July 2012, extensive boreal forest fires resulted in significant aerosol transport to the Arctic. A 10-day episode combining intense biomass burning over Siberia and low-pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean resulted in efficient transport of plumes containing black carbon (BC) towards the Arctic, mostly in the upper troposphere (6–8 km). A combination of in situ observations (DLR Falcon aircraft), satellite analysis and WRF-Chem simulations is used to understand the vertical and horizontal transport mechanisms of BC with a focus on the role of wet removal. Between the northwestern Norwegian coast and the Svalbard archipelago, the Falcon aircraft sampled plumes with enhanced CO concentrations up to 200 ppbv and BC mixing ratios up to 25 ng kg−1. During transport to the Arctic region, a large fraction of BC particles are scavenged by two wet deposition processes, namely wet removal by large-scale precipitation and removal in wet convective updrafts, with both processes contributing almost equally to the total accumulated deposition of BC. Our results underline that applying a finer horizontal resolution (40 instead of 100 km) improves the model performance, as it significantly reduces the overestimation of BC levels observed at a coarser resolution in the mid-troposphere. According to the simulations at 40 km, the transport efficiency of BC (TEBC) in biomass burning plumes was larger (60 %), because it was impacted by small accumulated precipitation along trajectory (1 mm). In contrast TEBC was small (< 30 %) and accumulated precipitation amounts were larger (5–10 mm) in plumes influenced by urban anthropogenic sources and flaring activities in northern Russia, resulting in transport to lower altitudes. TEBC due to large-scale precipitation is responsible for a sharp meridional gradient in the distribution of BC concentrations. Wet removal in cumulus clouds is the cause of modeled vertical gradient of TEBC, especially in the mid-latitudes, reflecting the distribution of convective precipitation, but is dominated in the Arctic region by the large-scale wet removal associated with the formation of stratocumulus clouds in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that produce frequent drizzle.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20...
    Preprint . 2017
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    Article . 2017
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    Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . Conference object . 2017
    Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . Conference object . 2017
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    Authors: Genovart, Meritxell; Gimenez, Olivier,; Bertolero, Albert; Remi, Choquet; +2 Authors

    AbstractUnderstanding the behaviour of a population under perturbations is crucial and can help to mitigate the effects of global change. Sociality can influence the dynamics of behavioural processes and plays an important role on populations’ resilience. However little is known about the effects of perturbations on the social cohesion of group-living animals.To explore the strength of social cohesion and its dynamics under perturbations, we studied an ecological system involving a colonial, long-lived species living in a site experiencing a shift to a perturbed regime. This regime, caused by the invasion of predators, led this colony to hold from 70% to only 3% of the total world population in only one decade. Because birds breed aggregated in discrete and annually changing patches within large colonies, we could disentangle whether annual aggregation was random or resulted from social bonding among individuals. Our goals were 1) to uncover if there was any long-term social bonding between individuals and 2) to examine whether the perturbation regime affected social cohesion.We explored social cohesion by means of contingency tables and, within the Social Network Analysis framework, by modeling interdependencies among observations using additive and multiplicative effects (AME) and accounted for missing data. We analysed 25 years of monitoring with an individual capture-recapture database of more than 3,500 individuals.We showed that social bonding occurs over years in this species. We additionally show that social bonding strongly decreased after the perturbation regime. We propose that sociality and individual behavioural heterogeneity have been playing a major role driving dispersal and thus population dynamics over the study period.Perturbations may lead not only to changes in individuals’ behaviours and fitness but also to a change in populations’ social cohesion. The demographic consequences of the breaking down of social bonds are still not well understood, but they can be critical for population dynamics of social species. Further studies considering individual heterogeneity, sociality and different types of perturbations should be carried out to improve our understanding on the resilience of social species.

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    Authors: Codron, Jean Marie; Adanacioglu, Hakan; Aubert, Magali; Bouhsina, Zouhair; +4 Authors

    Deliverable D16. Projet FP7 : SUSTAINMED - Sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean Partner Countries.; International audience; Fresh produce pesticides safety risks have grown during the last twenty years, into a major concern of north European consumers and governments. Although Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) consumers are not yet very demanding as regards to fresh produce safety, risks are significant and increasingly taken into consideration by MPC local governments and modern food chain operators. Product standards (Maximum Residue Limits) and more recently process standards (Good Agricultural Practices, GAP) have turned into the most efficient solution to control and reduce the level of pesticides on fresh produce. Defined by a variety of public and private actors, they are implemented and controlled at different levels of the chain by public and private actors as well. Accordingly, safety control has turned into a key issue for the development of MPC fresh produce export and local markets. Task 4 of Work Package 5 expands on safety control issues and give insights into how MPC fresh fruits and vegetables chains organise to comply with private and public, national and international safety standards and thus get access to export and modern domestic markets. The deliverable deals with food safety control in the MPCs or more precisely pesticide safety risk management in high value chains of Morocco and Turkey. More precisely, it aims at identifying and analyzing: the diversity of management schemes implemented by local growers to comply with public and private standards, both in the export and domestic high value chains; the economic, organisational, and institutional drivers of the diffusion of those standards in MPCs; the individual determinants of the adoption of specific pest management patterns and farm product certification.

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