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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: K. E. Ashley; R. McKay; J. Etourneau; J. Etourneau; +22 Authors

    Abstract. Over recent decades Antarctic sea-ice extent has increased, alongside widespread ice shelf thinning and freshening of waters along the Antarctic margin. In contrast, Earth system models generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Circulation of water masses beneath large-cavity ice shelves is not included in current Earth System models and may be a driver of this phenomena. We examine a Holocene sediment core off East Antarctica that records the Neoglacial transition, the last major baseline shift of Antarctic sea ice, and part of a late-Holocene global cooling trend. We provide a multi-proxy record of Holocene glacial meltwater input, sediment transport, and sea-ice variability. Our record, supported by high-resolution ocean modelling, shows that a rapid Antarctic sea-ice increase during the mid-Holocene (∼ 4.5 ka) occurred against a backdrop of increasing glacial meltwater input and gradual climate warming. We suggest that mid-Holocene ice shelf cavity expansion led to cooling of surface waters and sea-ice growth that slowed basal ice shelf melting. Incorporating this feedback mechanism into global climate models will be important for future projections of Antarctic changes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OceanRep; Climate of...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past (CP); Climate of the Past
    Article . Preprint . 2021
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
    Preprint . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2021
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2020
    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OceanRep; Climate of...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past (CP); Climate of the Past
      Article . Preprint . 2021
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
      Preprint . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2021
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2020
      DOAJ
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dörfler, Walter; Feeser, Ingo; Van den Bogaard, Ch.; Dreibrodt, Stefan; +4 Authors

    The annually laminated record of Lake Belau offers an exceptional opportunity to investigate with high temporal resolution Holocene environmental change, aspects of climate history and human impact on the landscape. A new chronology based on varve counts, 14C-datings and heavy metal history has been established, covering the last 9400 years. Based on multiple varve counting on two core sequences, the easily countable laminated section spans about 7850 varve years (modelled age range c. 9430 to 1630 cal. BP). Not all of the record is of the same quality but approximately 69% of the varves sequence is classified to be of high quality and only c. 5% of low quality. The new chronology suggests dates generally c. 260 years older than previously assumed for the laminated section of the record. The implications for the vegetation and land-use history of the region as well as revised datings for pollen stratigraphical events are discussed. Tephra analysis allowed the identification of several cryptotephra layers. New dates for volcanic eruptions are presented for the Lairg B event ( c. 6848 cal. BP, 2s range 6930–6713 cal. BP), the Hekla 4 event ( c. 4396 cal. BP, 2s range 4417–4266 cal. BP), and Hekla 3 eruption ( c. 3095 cal. BP, 2s range 3120–3068 cal. BP).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OceanReparrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Holocene
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    The Holocene
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: SAGE TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: D. J. Lunt; A. Abe-Ouchi; P. Bakker; A. Berger; +24 Authors

    Abstract. The Last Interglaciation (∼130 to 116 ka) is a time period with a strong astronomically-induced seasonal forcing of insolation compared to modern. Proxy records indicate a significantly different climate to that of the modern, in particular Arctic summer warming and higher eustatic sea level. Because the forcings are relatively well constrained, it provides an opportunity to test numerical models which are used for future climate prediction. In this paper, we compile a set of climate model simulations of the early Last Interglaciation (130 to 125 ka), encompassing a range of model complexity. We compare the models to each other, and to a recently published compilation of Last Interglacial temperature estimates. We show that the annual mean response of the models is rather small, with no clear signal in many regions. However, the seasonal response is more robust, and there is significant agreement amongst models as to the regions of warming vs. cooling. However, the quantitative agreement of the models with data is poor, with the models in general underestimating the magnitude of response seen in the proxies. Taking possible seasonal biases in the proxies into account improves the agreement marginally, but the agreement is still far from perfect. However, a lack of uncertainty estimates in the data does not allow us to draw firm conclusions. Instead, this paper points to several ways in which both modelling and data could be improved, to allow a more robust model-data comparison.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OceanReparrow_drop_down
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    OceanRep
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: OceanRep
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2013
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . Preprint
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2013
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2013
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2013
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    Access Routes
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OceanReparrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      OceanRep
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: OceanRep
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2013
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Article . Preprint
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past
      Article . 2013
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2013
      Data sources: MPG.PuRe
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cantoni, Roberto;

    By the late-1950s, the Soviet Union acquired a strong position as a world oil exporter, thanks to major discoveries in the Ural-Volga area. The new availability prompted the USSR to greatly increase its exports, especially to West European countries. Such strategy was met with ambivalent reactions, depending on each countryʼs position and status on the world oil scene, as well as on their political and economic needs. In order to transport their oil to strategic areas within the Soviet Union and to Europe, the Soviets devised a project for a colossal pipeline system. This plan caused anxiety at NATO since Russian oil could be wielded as a weapon to weaken the West both militarily and economically. Beside being seen as potentially threatening for the interest of Anglo-American and French oil majors, the considerable amount of cheap oil the pipeline system would carry generated worries about Western Europe becoming dependent on the USSR for its energy. In order to complete the system, however, the Soviets needed considerable amounts of large-diameter steel pipes and equipment, which they had to import from the West. Thus in 1961 the US delegation at NATO proposed a comprehensive embargo of large-diameter pipes in order to delay the systemʼs construction. The proposal met with strong British opposition and a lukewarm attitude by a number of NATO members, and the debate soon came to revolve around 1) the definition of steel pipes as strategic items, and 2) whether a security rationale should be prioritized over an economic one when dealing with the Soviets. In this paper, I argue that the definition of what oil pipes are as technological artifacts, as well as their ultimate content, was ultimately shaped by the NATO debate on the US proposition. What an oil pipe was – or was not – and how it could be used, derived from the struggle to control or suppress commerce with the Soviet Union.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Technology and Cultu...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Technology and Culture
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Authors: Johan Etourneau; Claudia Ehlert; Martin Frank; Philippe Martinez; +1 Authors

    The global Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling (~3.0–2.0 million years ago – Ma) concurred with extremely high diatom and biogenic opal production in most of the major coastal upwelling regions. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the Benguela upwelling system (BUS), off Namibia, where it is known as the Matuyama Diatom Maximum (MDM). Our study focuses on a new diatom silicon isotope (&delta;<sup>30</sup>Si) record covering the MDM in the BUS. Unexpectedly, the variations in &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si signal follow biogenic opal content, whereby the highest &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si values correspond to the highest biogenic opal content. We interpret the higher &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si values during the MDM as a result of a stronger degree of silicate utilisation in the surface waters caused by high productivity of mat-forming diatom species. This was most likely promoted by weak upwelling intensity dominating the BUS during the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling combined with a large silicate supply derived from a strong Southern Ocean nutrient leakage responding to the expansion of Antarctic ice cover and the resulting stratification of the polar ocean 3.0–2.7 Ma ago. A similar scenario is hypothesized for other major coastal upwelling systems (e.g. off California) during this time interval, suggesting that the efficiency of the biological carbon pump was probably sufficiently enhanced in these regions during the MDM to have significantly increased the transport of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> to the deep ocean. In addition, the coeval extension of the area of surface water stratification in both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, which decreased CO<sub>2</sub> release to the atmosphere, led to further enhanced atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> drawn-down and thus contributed significantly to Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling.

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    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2012
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-...
    Preprint . 2012
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . Preprint
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    Article . 2012
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    Authors: Tim Druitt; Steffen Kutterolf; Thomas A. Ronge; Christian Hübscher; +33 Authors

    AbstractLarge explosive volcanic eruptions from island arcs pour pyroclastic currents into marine basins, impacting ecosystems and generating tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and infrastructures. Risk assessments require robust records of such highly hazardous events, which is challenging as most of the products lie buried under the sea. Here we report the discovery by IODP Expedition 398 of a giant rhyolitic pumice deposit emplaced 520 ± 10 ky ago at water depths of 200 to 1000 m during a high-intensity, shallow submarine eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano. Pyroclastic currents discharged into the sea transformed into turbidity currents and slurries, forming a >89 ± 8 km3 volcaniclastic megaturbidite up to 150 m thick in the surrounding marine basins, while breaching of the sea surface by the eruption column laid down veneers of ignimbrite on three islands. The eruption is one of the largest recorded on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc, and highlights the hazards from submarine explosive eruptions.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2024
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    Authors: El Arja, Hiba;

    The present research work addresses various aspects of the numerical modelling of the displacements induced by deep excavations. The first objective is to define a constitutive model allowing to obtain a good estimation of the settlement behind the retaining wall. A second objective is to contribute to the justification of retaining structures for ultimate limit states according to the format proposed by the Eurocodes.Two constitutive models based on the theory of elastoplasticity with a single mechanism are proposed: "H1 model" and "H2 model" which include respectively an isotropic hardening law and a non-linear kinematic hardening law. The formulations of the two models are presented. Their different parameters are defined from laboratory or in situ tests. The influence of each of these parameters is studied in the case of triaxial tests.Both models are implemented in the CESAR-LCPC finite element calculation code. A numerical analysis of a real excavation project taken from a benchmark prevision exercise with different constitutive models is presented. The results obtained with the H2 model do not significantly improve the results compared to the H1 model. In the following, the discussion focuses on the H1 model. Parametric studies are carried out on this excavation project to identify the parameters that have an influence on the settlement distribution calculated behind the retaining wall. Within the framework of the Grand Paris Express Project, new metro lines are being built. The excavation of the future “Créteil L'Échat” station of line 15 south is chosen as a case study in this thesis. The numerical results obtained with the H1 model are compared with measurements obtained in this station.Regarding the justification for the ultimate limit states of retaining structures, the discussion focuses on the procedure of reduction of the shear properties of soils (c-phi reduction). We seek to clarify to what extent this method can be adapted to complex constitutive models such as the H1 model; Ce travail aborde différents aspects de la modélisation numérique des mouvements de sol induits par la réalisation des excavations profondes. Le premier objectif est de définir un modèle de comportement qui inclut un mécanisme permettant de bien représenter la cuvette de tassement derrière un écran de soutènement. Le deuxième objectif est de contribuer à la justification des états limites ultimes des ouvrages de soutènement selon le format proposé par les Eurocodes.On propose deux modèles de comportement basés sur la théorie de l’élastoplasticité à un seul mécanisme : « le modèle H1 » et « le modèle H2 », qui comportent respectivement une loi d’écrouissage isotrope et une loi d’écrouissage cinématique non linéaire. Les formulations des deux modèles sont présentées. Leurs différents paramètres sont définis à partir d’essais en laboratoire ou in situ. On étudie l’influence de chacun de ces paramètres dans le cas des essais triaxiaux.Ces deux modèles sont implémentés dans le code de calcul par éléments finis CESAR-LCPC. Une analyse numérique d’un projet réel d’excavation issu d’un exercice de prévision (benchmark) avec différents modèles de comportement est présentée. Les résultats obtenus avec le modèle H2 n’améliorent pas significativement les résultats par rapport au modèle H1. Dans la suite, on concentre la discussion sur le modèle H1. Des études paramétriques sont réalisées sur ce projet d’excavation pour identifier les paramètres qui ont une influence sur la cuvette de tassement calculée. Dans le cadre du Projet Grand Paris Express, de nouvelles lignes de métro sont en cours de réalisation. La fouille de la future gare de Créteil L’Échat de la ligne 15 sud est choisie comme cas d’étude. Les résultats numériques obtenus avec le modèle H1 sont confrontés à des mesures réalisées dans cette gare.Le dernier chapitre aborde la justification aux états limites ultimes des ouvrages de soutènement. La discussion est axée sur la procédure de réduction des propriétés de cisaillement des sols (c-phi réduction). On cherche à préciser dans quelle mesure cette méthode peut être adaptée à des modèles de comportement complexes comme le modèle H1

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    Authors: Gwenaël Jouannic; Anaïs Ameline; Kelly Pasquon; Oscar Navarro; +7 Authors

    International audience; This study focuses on the ongoing recovery of the French part of the island of Saint Martin following Hurricane Irma in September 2017. The recovery of this semi-autonomous territory is a major challenge for local authorities and the French state. Based on the hypothesis that the consequences of natural disaster would be an opportunity for a territory to build back better, this study aims to understand the recovery trajectory that is underway on the island of Saint Martin 2 years after Hurricane Irma. Our analysis of Saint Martin's recovery from natural hazards is based on three factors: (1) the historical context and the evolution of building construction over the past 70 years; (2) the organization of local and national authorities; (3) the perception of the situation by the population. This original interdisciplinary approach of the post-disaster recovery phase provides a better understanding of the complexity of this period. The results of this study and the cross-analysis of these three methods highlight the causal links between the governance of the reconstruction, the psycho-sociological recovery of the disaster victims, and the history of the urbanization of an island exposed to natural hazards.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
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    Authors: Kristel C. Meza-Fajardo; Chiara Varone; Luca Lenti; Salvatore Martino; +1 Authors

    Abstract The Vallerano district in Rome is built on an alluvial valley with a very complex geological setting (highly heterogeneous soil deposits) due to the depositional activity of Tiber River tributaries ongoing since the Pleistocene age. A high-resolution engineering-geological model of the valley was reconstructed through field investigations, boreholes log-stratigraphies and geophysical investigations. 2D FEM numerical modelling of the alluvial valley allowed to assess the local response in terms of seismic wave propagation on surface, amplification function and cumulative kinetic energy. Soil layering and basin effects combine to induce a complex local seismic response. Different typologies of seismic waves are present in the seismograms and surface waves have been also detected. Retrograde Rayleigh surface waves have been identified and extracted through a procedure based on the time-frequency Normalized Inner Product. The spatial analysis of the extracted Rayleigh waves highlights that the local seismic response of the valley is strongly influenced by edge-generated surface waves. The results suggest that amplification is strongly related to the thickness of the soil deposits, whereas the elongated duration is more related to a layered basin structure. The soil layering and the basin effects on the generation of surface waves have been assessed and quantified.

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    Authors: Tamayo, Simon; Combes, François; Gaudron, Arthur;

    11th International Conference on City Logistics, DUBROVNIK, CROATIE, 12-/06/2019 - 14/06/2019; City Logistics is characterized by multiple stakeholders that often have different views of such a complex system. From a public policy perspective, identifying stakeholders, issues and trends is a daunting challenge, only partially addressed by traditional observation systems. Nowadays social media is one of the biggest channels of public expression and it is often used to communicate opinions and content related to City Logistics. The idea of this research is that analysing social media content could help in understanding the public perception of City logistics. This paper proposes a methodology for collecting content from Twitter and implementing Machine Learning techniques (unsupervised learning and Natural Language Processing), to perform content and sentiment analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to more than 110 000 tweets containing City Logistics key-terms. Results allowed building an Interest Map of concepts and a Sentiment Analysis to determine if City Logistics entries are positive, negative or neutral.

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    Transportation Research Procedia
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2019
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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    Authors: K. E. Ashley; R. McKay; J. Etourneau; J. Etourneau; +22 Authors

    Abstract. Over recent decades Antarctic sea-ice extent has increased, alongside widespread ice shelf thinning and freshening of waters along the Antarctic margin. In contrast, Earth system models generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Circulation of water masses beneath large-cavity ice shelves is not included in current Earth System models and may be a driver of this phenomena. We examine a Holocene sediment core off East Antarctica that records the Neoglacial transition, the last major baseline shift of Antarctic sea ice, and part of a late-Holocene global cooling trend. We provide a multi-proxy record of Holocene glacial meltwater input, sediment transport, and sea-ice variability. Our record, supported by high-resolution ocean modelling, shows that a rapid Antarctic sea-ice increase during the mid-Holocene (∼ 4.5 ka) occurred against a backdrop of increasing glacial meltwater input and gradual climate warming. We suggest that mid-Holocene ice shelf cavity expansion led to cooling of surface waters and sea-ice growth that slowed basal ice shelf melting. Incorporating this feedback mechanism into global climate models will be important for future projections of Antarctic changes.

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    Climate of the Past (CP); Climate of the Past
    Article . Preprint . 2021
    License: CC BY
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
    Preprint . 2020
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2020
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      Climate of the Past (CP); Climate of the Past
      Article . Preprint . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
      Preprint . 2020
      License: CC BY
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2021
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Dörfler, Walter; Feeser, Ingo; Van den Bogaard, Ch.; Dreibrodt, Stefan; +4 Authors

    The annually laminated record of Lake Belau offers an exceptional opportunity to investigate with high temporal resolution Holocene environmental change, aspects of climate history and human impact on the landscape. A new chronology based on varve counts, 14C-datings and heavy metal history has been established, covering the last 9400 years. Based on multiple varve counting on two core sequences, the easily countable laminated section spans about 7850 varve years (modelled age range c. 9430 to 1630 cal. BP). Not all of the record is of the same quality but approximately 69% of the varves sequence is classified to be of high quality and only c. 5% of low quality. The new chronology suggests dates generally c. 260 years older than previously assumed for the laminated section of the record. The implications for the vegetation and land-use history of the region as well as revised datings for pollen stratigraphical events are discussed. Tephra analysis allowed the identification of several cryptotephra layers. New dates for volcanic eruptions are presented for the Lairg B event ( c. 6848 cal. BP, 2s range 6930–6713 cal. BP), the Hekla 4 event ( c. 4396 cal. BP, 2s range 4417–4266 cal. BP), and Hekla 3 eruption ( c. 3095 cal. BP, 2s range 3120–3068 cal. BP).

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    The Holocene
    Article
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    The Holocene
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: D. J. Lunt; A. Abe-Ouchi; P. Bakker; A. Berger; +24 Authors

    Abstract. The Last Interglaciation (∼130 to 116 ka) is a time period with a strong astronomically-induced seasonal forcing of insolation compared to modern. Proxy records indicate a significantly different climate to that of the modern, in particular Arctic summer warming and higher eustatic sea level. Because the forcings are relatively well constrained, it provides an opportunity to test numerical models which are used for future climate prediction. In this paper, we compile a set of climate model simulations of the early Last Interglaciation (130 to 125 ka), encompassing a range of model complexity. We compare the models to each other, and to a recently published compilation of Last Interglacial temperature estimates. We show that the annual mean response of the models is rather small, with no clear signal in many regions. However, the seasonal response is more robust, and there is significant agreement amongst models as to the regions of warming vs. cooling. However, the quantitative agreement of the models with data is poor, with the models in general underestimating the magnitude of response seen in the proxies. Taking possible seasonal biases in the proxies into account improves the agreement marginally, but the agreement is still far from perfect. However, a lack of uncertainty estimates in the data does not allow us to draw firm conclusions. Instead, this paper points to several ways in which both modelling and data could be improved, to allow a more robust model-data comparison.

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    OceanRep
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2013
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . Preprint
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    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2013
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2013
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2013
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      OceanRep
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2013
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Article . Preprint
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      Climate of the Past
      Article . 2013
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2013
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2013
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    Authors: Cantoni, Roberto;

    By the late-1950s, the Soviet Union acquired a strong position as a world oil exporter, thanks to major discoveries in the Ural-Volga area. The new availability prompted the USSR to greatly increase its exports, especially to West European countries. Such strategy was met with ambivalent reactions, depending on each countryʼs position and status on the world oil scene, as well as on their political and economic needs. In order to transport their oil to strategic areas within the Soviet Union and to Europe, the Soviets devised a project for a colossal pipeline system. This plan caused anxiety at NATO since Russian oil could be wielded as a weapon to weaken the West both militarily and economically. Beside being seen as potentially threatening for the interest of Anglo-American and French oil majors, the considerable amount of cheap oil the pipeline system would carry generated worries about Western Europe becoming dependent on the USSR for its energy. In order to complete the system, however, the Soviets needed considerable amounts of large-diameter steel pipes and equipment, which they had to import from the West. Thus in 1961 the US delegation at NATO proposed a comprehensive embargo of large-diameter pipes in order to delay the systemʼs construction. The proposal met with strong British opposition and a lukewarm attitude by a number of NATO members, and the debate soon came to revolve around 1) the definition of steel pipes as strategic items, and 2) whether a security rationale should be prioritized over an economic one when dealing with the Soviets. In this paper, I argue that the definition of what oil pipes are as technological artifacts, as well as their ultimate content, was ultimately shaped by the NATO debate on the US proposition. What an oil pipe was – or was not – and how it could be used, derived from the struggle to control or suppress commerce with the Soviet Union.

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    Technology and Culture
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Johan Etourneau; Claudia Ehlert; Martin Frank; Philippe Martinez; +1 Authors

    The global Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling (~3.0–2.0 million years ago – Ma) concurred with extremely high diatom and biogenic opal production in most of the major coastal upwelling regions. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the Benguela upwelling system (BUS), off Namibia, where it is known as the Matuyama Diatom Maximum (MDM). Our study focuses on a new diatom silicon isotope (&delta;<sup>30</sup>Si) record covering the MDM in the BUS. Unexpectedly, the variations in &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si signal follow biogenic opal content, whereby the highest &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si values correspond to the highest biogenic opal content. We interpret the higher &delta;<sup>30</sup>Si values during the MDM as a result of a stronger degree of silicate utilisation in the surface waters caused by high productivity of mat-forming diatom species. This was most likely promoted by weak upwelling intensity dominating the BUS during the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling combined with a large silicate supply derived from a strong Southern Ocean nutrient leakage responding to the expansion of Antarctic ice cover and the resulting stratification of the polar ocean 3.0–2.7 Ma ago. A similar scenario is hypothesized for other major coastal upwelling systems (e.g. off California) during this time interval, suggesting that the efficiency of the biological carbon pump was probably sufficiently enhanced in these regions during the MDM to have significantly increased the transport of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> to the deep ocean. In addition, the coeval extension of the area of surface water stratification in both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, which decreased CO<sub>2</sub> release to the atmosphere, led to further enhanced atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> drawn-down and thus contributed significantly to Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene cooling.

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    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-...
    Preprint . 2012
    License: CC BY
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . Preprint
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    Article . 2012
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    Authors: Tim Druitt; Steffen Kutterolf; Thomas A. Ronge; Christian Hübscher; +33 Authors

    AbstractLarge explosive volcanic eruptions from island arcs pour pyroclastic currents into marine basins, impacting ecosystems and generating tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and infrastructures. Risk assessments require robust records of such highly hazardous events, which is challenging as most of the products lie buried under the sea. Here we report the discovery by IODP Expedition 398 of a giant rhyolitic pumice deposit emplaced 520 ± 10 ky ago at water depths of 200 to 1000 m during a high-intensity, shallow submarine eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano. Pyroclastic currents discharged into the sea transformed into turbidity currents and slurries, forming a >89 ± 8 km3 volcaniclastic megaturbidite up to 150 m thick in the surrounding marine basins, while breaching of the sea surface by the eruption column laid down veneers of ignimbrite on three islands. The eruption is one of the largest recorded on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc, and highlights the hazards from submarine explosive eruptions.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2024
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    Authors: El Arja, Hiba;

    The present research work addresses various aspects of the numerical modelling of the displacements induced by deep excavations. The first objective is to define a constitutive model allowing to obtain a good estimation of the settlement behind the retaining wall. A second objective is to contribute to the justification of retaining structures for ultimate limit states according to the format proposed by the Eurocodes.Two constitutive models based on the theory of elastoplasticity with a single mechanism are proposed: "H1 model" and "H2 model" which include respectively an isotropic hardening law and a non-linear kinematic hardening law. The formulations of the two models are presented. Their different parameters are defined from laboratory or in situ tests. The influence of each of these parameters is studied in the case of triaxial tests.Both models are implemented in the CESAR-LCPC finite element calculation code. A numerical analysis of a real excavation project taken from a benchmark prevision exercise with different constitutive models is presented. The results obtained with the H2 model do not significantly improve the results compared to the H1 model. In the following, the discussion focuses on the H1 model. Parametric studies are carried out on this excavation project to identify the parameters that have an influence on the settlement distribution calculated behind the retaining wall. Within the framework of the Grand Paris Express Project, new metro lines are being built. The excavation of the future “Créteil L'Échat” station of line 15 south is chosen as a case study in this thesis. The numerical results obtained with the H1 model are compared with measurements obtained in this station.Regarding the justification for the ultimate limit states of retaining structures, the discussion focuses on the procedure of reduction of the shear properties of soils (c-phi reduction). We seek to clarify to what extent this method can be adapted to complex constitutive models such as the H1 model; Ce travail aborde différents aspects de la modélisation numérique des mouvements de sol induits par la réalisation des excavations profondes. Le premier objectif est de définir un modèle de comportement qui inclut un mécanisme permettant de bien représenter la cuvette de tassement derrière un écran de soutènement. Le deuxième objectif est de contribuer à la justification des états limites ultimes des ouvrages de soutènement selon le format proposé par les Eurocodes.On propose deux modèles de comportement basés sur la théorie de l’élastoplasticité à un seul mécanisme : « le modèle H1 » et « le modèle H2 », qui comportent respectivement une loi d’écrouissage isotrope et une loi d’écrouissage cinématique non linéaire. Les formulations des deux modèles sont présentées. Leurs différents paramètres sont définis à partir d’essais en laboratoire ou in situ. On étudie l’influence de chacun de ces paramètres dans le cas des essais triaxiaux.Ces deux modèles sont implémentés dans le code de calcul par éléments finis CESAR-LCPC. Une analyse numérique d’un projet réel d’excavation issu d’un exercice de prévision (benchmark) avec différents modèles de comportement est présentée. Les résultats obtenus avec le modèle H2 n’améliorent pas significativement les résultats par rapport au modèle H1. Dans la suite, on concentre la discussion sur le modèle H1. Des études paramétriques sont réalisées sur ce projet d’excavation pour identifier les paramètres qui ont une influence sur la cuvette de tassement calculée. Dans le cadre du Projet Grand Paris Express, de nouvelles lignes de métro sont en cours de réalisation. La fouille de la future gare de Créteil L’Échat de la ligne 15 sud est choisie comme cas d’étude. Les résultats numériques obtenus avec le modèle H1 sont confrontés à des mesures réalisées dans cette gare.Le dernier chapitre aborde la justification aux états limites ultimes des ouvrages de soutènement. La discussion est axée sur la procédure de réduction des propriétés de cisaillement des sols (c-phi réduction). On cherche à préciser dans quelle mesure cette méthode peut être adaptée à des modèles de comportement complexes comme le modèle H1

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    Authors: Gwenaël Jouannic; Anaïs Ameline; Kelly Pasquon; Oscar Navarro; +7 Authors

    International audience; This study focuses on the ongoing recovery of the French part of the island of Saint Martin following Hurricane Irma in September 2017. The recovery of this semi-autonomous territory is a major challenge for local authorities and the French state. Based on the hypothesis that the consequences of natural disaster would be an opportunity for a territory to build back better, this study aims to understand the recovery trajectory that is underway on the island of Saint Martin 2 years after Hurricane Irma. Our analysis of Saint Martin's recovery from natural hazards is based on three factors: (1) the historical context and the evolution of building construction over the past 70 years; (2) the organization of local and national authorities; (3) the perception of the situation by the population. This original interdisciplinary approach of the post-disaster recovery phase provides a better understanding of the complexity of this period. The results of this study and the cross-analysis of these three methods highlight the causal links between the governance of the reconstruction, the psycho-sociological recovery of the disaster victims, and the history of the urbanization of an island exposed to natural hazards.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
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    Authors: Kristel C. Meza-Fajardo; Chiara Varone; Luca Lenti; Salvatore Martino; +1 Authors

    Abstract The Vallerano district in Rome is built on an alluvial valley with a very complex geological setting (highly heterogeneous soil deposits) due to the depositional activity of Tiber River tributaries ongoing since the Pleistocene age. A high-resolution engineering-geological model of the valley was reconstructed through field investigations, boreholes log-stratigraphies and geophysical investigations. 2D FEM numerical modelling of the alluvial valley allowed to assess the local response in terms of seismic wave propagation on surface, amplification function and cumulative kinetic energy. Soil layering and basin effects combine to induce a complex local seismic response. Different typologies of seismic waves are present in the seismograms and surface waves have been also detected. Retrograde Rayleigh surface waves have been identified and extracted through a procedure based on the time-frequency Normalized Inner Product. The spatial analysis of the extracted Rayleigh waves highlights that the local seismic response of the valley is strongly influenced by edge-generated surface waves. The results suggest that amplification is strongly related to the thickness of the soil deposits, whereas the elongated duration is more related to a layered basin structure. The soil layering and the basin effects on the generation of surface waves have been assessed and quantified.

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    Authors: Tamayo, Simon; Combes, François; Gaudron, Arthur;

    11th International Conference on City Logistics, DUBROVNIK, CROATIE, 12-/06/2019 - 14/06/2019; City Logistics is characterized by multiple stakeholders that often have different views of such a complex system. From a public policy perspective, identifying stakeholders, issues and trends is a daunting challenge, only partially addressed by traditional observation systems. Nowadays social media is one of the biggest channels of public expression and it is often used to communicate opinions and content related to City Logistics. The idea of this research is that analysing social media content could help in understanding the public perception of City logistics. This paper proposes a methodology for collecting content from Twitter and implementing Machine Learning techniques (unsupervised learning and Natural Language Processing), to perform content and sentiment analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to more than 110 000 tweets containing City Logistics key-terms. Results allowed building an Interest Map of concepts and a Sentiment Analysis to determine if City Logistics entries are positive, negative or neutral.

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    Transportation Research Procedia
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2019
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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