• DARIAH EU
• 2012-2021close
• European Commission close
• EU close
• INRIA a CCSD electronic archive ser... close
• NARCIS close

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by Trinity College Dublin, DARIAH-EU and the European Commission.This book explores the challenges society faces with big data, through the lens of culture rather than social, political or economic trends, as demonstrated in the words we use, the values that underpin our interactions, and the biases and assumptions that drive us. Focusing on areas such as data and language, data and sensemaking, data and power, data and invisibility, and big data aggregation, it demonstrates that humanities research, focussing on cultural rather than social, political or economic frames of reference for viewing technology, resists mass datafication for a reason, and that those very reasons can be instructive for the critical observation of big data research and innovation.

This book is a collection of seventeen papers which describe the impact that the ARIADNE project and its successor, ARIADNEplus (2019-2022) have had on the archaeological community, both in Europe and further afield. Each case study has been contributed by organisations involved in the ARIADNE Infrastructure who cover many countries from across Europe as well as Argentina and Japan. These papers were originally presented at the CAA Conference in Krakow, April 2019 and cover aspects such as data management, application of standards and guidelines, the use of CIDOC-CRM and Open Data to name but a few.

In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of a visual analytics tool to support historical research. Historians continuously gather data related to their scholarly research from archival visits and background search. Organising and making sense of all this data can be challenging as many historians continue to rely on analog or basic digital tools. We built an integrated note-taking environment for historians which unifies a set of func-tionalities we identified as important for historical research including editing, tagging, searching, sharing and visualization. Our approach was to involve users from the initial stage of brainstorming and requirement analysis through to design, implementation and evaluation. We report on the process and results of our work, and conclude by reflecting on our own experience in conducting user-centered visual analytics design for digital humanities. International audience

Le projet européen Iperion regroupe un ensemble d'acteurs européens offrant des services d'infrastructure pour l'étude du patrimoine matériel sous la forme d'équipements fixes ou mobiles. Ces différents services génèrent potentiellement de grandes quantités de données qu'il est nécessaire de gérer et documenter. En particulier, il semble utile de travailler à la constitution d'un réservoir de telles données qui soit consultable par une large communauté de chercheurs, notamment en sciences humaines. On peut ainsi penser au rôle que peuvent jouer des analyses précises d'une oeuvre pour un historien des arts qui souhaite étudier l'évolution de la technique d'un peintre par exemple. La mise en place d'une telle infrastructure de données réutilisables dans le domaine du patrimoine matériel se heurte cependant à plusieurs difficultés que nous essayons de réduire au sein du projet Iperion. Tout d'abord, il n'est pas nécessairement dans la culture du déploiement des équipements eux-mêmes d'envisager une réutilisation large des données. Le scénario de base est souvent celui d'un chercheur qui va conduire une analyse ciblée d'un objet patrimonial, pour ensuite exploiter lui-même les résultats correspondants et passer à l'analyse suivante, sans se préoccuper d'une réutilisation des données produites. Ensuite, du point de vue des formats de données, on observe l'absence de réels standards de représentation communs aux différents types d'équipements. On se retrouve ainsi à devoir gérer des données propriétaires qui dépendent principalement des constructeurs des équipements. Enfin, se posele problème complexe des droits d'utilisation qui combinent un ensemble de difficultés liées au statut des oeuvres elles-mêmes, aux règles régissant l'équipement, mais aussi à la volonté de partage du chercheur qui a effectué le recueil initial des données. Dans ce cadre, notre objectif est de mettre en place une démarche d'analyse de l'état des lieux et de proposition de principes communs de gestion des données au sein du projet. Il s'agirait ainsi de préfigurer une charte de gestion des données applicable à la future infrastructure européenne E-RIHS, en collaboration avec l'infrastructure numérique DARIAH en sciences humaines. Nous avons ainsi recueilli les réponses des différents partenaires du projet concernant à la fois les modes de gestion des équipements, et le statut des jeux de données disponibles. La variété des réponses obtenues montre déjà que seules des recommandations génériques pourront être produites à l'échelle européenne, et nous esquisserons quelques propositions dans ce sens. Laurent Romary est directeur de recherche à Inria où il mène des recherches dans le domaine des humanités numériques et plus particulièrement sur la modélisation et la représentation de données en sciences humaines et sociales. Depuis plusieurs années, il a contribué à la définition des politiques d'information scientifique du CNRS, de la société Max Planck et d'Inria, où il a contribué notamment à la définition d'une obligation de dépôt en archives ouvertes dans HAL. Il a aussi participé de longue date à la définition et à l'évolution des directives de la TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), notamment comme membre, mais aussi comme président du conseil technique de la TEI, et préside le comité 37 de l'ISO (Organisation international de normalisation). Il dirige l'infrastructure Européenne DARIAH pour le développement de méthodes numériques en sciences humaines et sociales. https://cv.archives-ouvertes.fr/laurentromary International audience

Since the first ESFRI roadmap in 2006, multiple humanities Research Infrastructures (RIs) have been set up all over the European continent, supporting archaeologists (ARIADNE), linguists (CLARIN-ERIC), Holocaust researchers (EHRI), cultural heritage specialists (IPERION-CH) and others. These examples only scratch the surface of the breadth of research communities that have benefited from close cooperation in the European Research Area.While each field developed discipline-specific services over the years, common themes can also be distinguished. All humanities RIs address, in varying degrees, questions around research data management, the use of standards and the desired interoperability of data across disciplinary boundaries.This article sheds light on how cluster project PARTHENOS developed pooled services and shared solutions for its audience of humanities researchers, RI managers and policymakers. In a time where the convergence of existing infrastructure is becoming ever more important – with the construction of a European Open Science Cloud as an audacious, ultimate goal – we hope that our experiences inform future work and provide inspiration on how to exploit synergies in interdisciplinary, transnational, scientific cooperation. This article has been accepted for publication by EUP in the IJHAC: International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing (https://www.euppublishing.com/loi/ijhac) International audience

International audience

In recent years, there has been a growing interest from the Digital Humanities in knowledge graphs as data modelling paradigm. Already, many data sets have been published as such and are available in the Linked Open Data cloud. With it, the nature of these data has shifted from unstructured to structured. This presents new opportunities for data mining. In this work, we investigate to what extend data mining can contribute to the understanding of archaeological knowledge, expressed as knowledge graph, and which form would best meet the communities' needs. A case study was held which involved the user-driven mining of generalized association rules. Experiments have shown that the approach yielded mostly plausible patterns, some of which were seen as highly relevant by domain experts.

International audience

This paper presents an attempt to provide a generic named-entity recognition and disambiguation module (NERD) called entity-fishing as a stable online service that demonstrates the possible delivery of sustainable technical services within DARIAH, the European digital research infrastructure for the arts and humanities. Deployed as part of the national infrastructure Huma-Num in France, this service provides an efficient state-of-the-art implementation coupled with standardised interfaces allowing an easy deployment on a variety of potential digital humanities contexts. Initially developed in the context of the FP9 EU project CENDARI, the software was well received by the user community and continued to be further developed within the H2020 HIRMEOS project where several open access publishers have integrated the service to their collections of published monographs as a means to enhance retrieval and access. entity-fishing implements entity extraction as well as disambiguation against Wikipedia and Wikidata entries. The service is accessible through a REST API which allows easier and seamless integration, language independent and stable convention and a widely used service-oriented architecture (SOA) design. Input and output data are carried out over a query data model with a defined structure providing flexibility to support the processing of partially annotated text or the repartition of text over several queries. The interface implements a variety of functionalities, like language recognition, sentence segmentation and modules for accessing and looking up concepts in the knowledge base. The API itself integrates more advanced contextual parametrisation or ranked outputs, allowing for the resilient integration in various possible use cases. The entity-fishing API has been used as a concrete use case to draft the experimental stand-off proposal, which has been submitted for integration into the TEI guidelines. The representation is also compliant with the Web Annotation Data Model (WADM). In this paper we aim at describing the functionalities of the service as a reference contribution to the subject of web-based NERD services. In this paper, we detail the workflow from input to output and unpack each building box in the processing flow. Besides, with a more academic approach, we provide a transversal schema of the different components taking into account non-functional requirements in order to facilitate the discovery of bottlenecks, hotspots and weaknesses. We also describe the underlying knowledge base, which is set up on the basis of Wikipedia and Wikidata content. We conclude the paper by presenting our solution for the service deployment: how and which the resources where allocated. The service has been in production since Q3 of 2017, and extensively used by the H2020 HIRMEOS partners during the integration with the publishing platforms. International audience