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In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of a visual analytics tool to support historical research. Historians continuously gather data related to their scholarly research from archival visits and background search. Organising and making sense of all this data can be challenging as many historians continue to rely on analog or basic digital tools. We built an integrated note-taking environment for historians which unifies a set of func-tionalities we identified as important for historical research including editing, tagging, searching, sharing and visualization. Our approach was to involve users from the initial stage of brainstorming and requirement analysis through to design, implementation and evaluation. We report on the process and results of our work, and conclude by reflecting on our own experience in conducting user-centered visual analytics design for digital humanities. International audience

Le projet européen Iperion regroupe un ensemble d'acteurs européens offrant des services d'infrastructure pour l'étude du patrimoine matériel sous la forme d'équipements fixes ou mobiles. Ces différents services génèrent potentiellement de grandes quantités de données qu'il est nécessaire de gérer et documenter. En particulier, il semble utile de travailler à la constitution d'un réservoir de telles données qui soit consultable par une large communauté de chercheurs, notamment en sciences humaines. On peut ainsi penser au rôle que peuvent jouer des analyses précises d'une oeuvre pour un historien des arts qui souhaite étudier l'évolution de la technique d'un peintre par exemple. La mise en place d'une telle infrastructure de données réutilisables dans le domaine du patrimoine matériel se heurte cependant à plusieurs difficultés que nous essayons de réduire au sein du projet Iperion. Tout d'abord, il n'est pas nécessairement dans la culture du déploiement des équipements eux-mêmes d'envisager une réutilisation large des données. Le scénario de base est souvent celui d'un chercheur qui va conduire une analyse ciblée d'un objet patrimonial, pour ensuite exploiter lui-même les résultats correspondants et passer à l'analyse suivante, sans se préoccuper d'une réutilisation des données produites. Ensuite, du point de vue des formats de données, on observe l'absence de réels standards de représentation communs aux différents types d'équipements. On se retrouve ainsi à devoir gérer des données propriétaires qui dépendent principalement des constructeurs des équipements. Enfin, se posele problème complexe des droits d'utilisation qui combinent un ensemble de difficultés liées au statut des oeuvres elles-mêmes, aux règles régissant l'équipement, mais aussi à la volonté de partage du chercheur qui a effectué le recueil initial des données. Dans ce cadre, notre objectif est de mettre en place une démarche d'analyse de l'état des lieux et de proposition de principes communs de gestion des données au sein du projet. Il s'agirait ainsi de préfigurer une charte de gestion des données applicable à la future infrastructure européenne E-RIHS, en collaboration avec l'infrastructure numérique DARIAH en sciences humaines. Nous avons ainsi recueilli les réponses des différents partenaires du projet concernant à la fois les modes de gestion des équipements, et le statut des jeux de données disponibles. La variété des réponses obtenues montre déjà que seules des recommandations génériques pourront être produites à l'échelle européenne, et nous esquisserons quelques propositions dans ce sens. Laurent Romary est directeur de recherche à Inria où il mène des recherches dans le domaine des humanités numériques et plus particulièrement sur la modélisation et la représentation de données en sciences humaines et sociales. Depuis plusieurs années, il a contribué à la définition des politiques d'information scientifique du CNRS, de la société Max Planck et d'Inria, où il a contribué notamment à la définition d'une obligation de dépôt en archives ouvertes dans HAL. Il a aussi participé de longue date à la définition et à l'évolution des directives de la TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), notamment comme membre, mais aussi comme président du conseil technique de la TEI, et préside le comité 37 de l'ISO (Organisation international de normalisation). Il dirige l'infrastructure Européenne DARIAH pour le développement de méthodes numériques en sciences humaines et sociales. https://cv.archives-ouvertes.fr/laurentromary International audience

The Henri Poincaré correspondence is a corpus of letters sent and received by this mathematician. The edition of this correspondence is a long-term project begun during the 1990s. Since 1999, a website is devoted to publish online this correspondence with digitized letters. In 2017, it has been decided to reforge this website using Omeka S. This content management system offers useful services but some user needs have led to the development of an RDFS infrastructure associated to it. Approximate and explained searches are managed thanks to SPARQL query transformations. A prototype for efficient RDF annotation of this corpus (and similar corpora) has been designed and implemented. This article deals with these three research issues and how they are addressed. International audience

Since the first ESFRI roadmap in 2006, multiple humanities Research Infrastructures (RIs) have been set up all over the European continent, supporting archaeologists (ARIADNE), linguists (CLARIN-ERIC), Holocaust researchers (EHRI), cultural heritage specialists (IPERION-CH) and others. These examples only scratch the surface of the breadth of research communities that have benefited from close cooperation in the European Research Area.While each field developed discipline-specific services over the years, common themes can also be distinguished. All humanities RIs address, in varying degrees, questions around research data management, the use of standards and the desired interoperability of data across disciplinary boundaries.This article sheds light on how cluster project PARTHENOS developed pooled services and shared solutions for its audience of humanities researchers, RI managers and policymakers. In a time where the convergence of existing infrastructure is becoming ever more important – with the construction of a European Open Science Cloud as an audacious, ultimate goal – we hope that our experiences inform future work and provide inspiration on how to exploit synergies in interdisciplinary, transnational, scientific cooperation. This article has been accepted for publication by EUP in the IJHAC: International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing (https://www.euppublishing.com/loi/ijhac) International audience

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This paper presents an attempt to provide a generic named-entity recognition and disambiguation module (NERD) called entity-fishing as a stable online service that demonstrates the possible delivery of sustainable technical services within DARIAH, the European digital research infrastructure for the arts and humanities. Deployed as part of the national infrastructure Huma-Num in France, this service provides an efficient state-of-the-art implementation coupled with standardised interfaces allowing an easy deployment on a variety of potential digital humanities contexts. Initially developed in the context of the FP9 EU project CENDARI, the software was well received by the user community and continued to be further developed within the H2020 HIRMEOS project where several open access publishers have integrated the service to their collections of published monographs as a means to enhance retrieval and access. entity-fishing implements entity extraction as well as disambiguation against Wikipedia and Wikidata entries. The service is accessible through a REST API which allows easier and seamless integration, language independent and stable convention and a widely used service-oriented architecture (SOA) design. Input and output data are carried out over a query data model with a defined structure providing flexibility to support the processing of partially annotated text or the repartition of text over several queries. The interface implements a variety of functionalities, like language recognition, sentence segmentation and modules for accessing and looking up concepts in the knowledge base. The API itself integrates more advanced contextual parametrisation or ranked outputs, allowing for the resilient integration in various possible use cases. The entity-fishing API has been used as a concrete use case to draft the experimental stand-off proposal, which has been submitted for integration into the TEI guidelines. The representation is also compliant with the Web Annotation Data Model (WADM). In this paper we aim at describing the functionalities of the service as a reference contribution to the subject of web-based NERD services. In this paper, we detail the workflow from input to output and unpack each building box in the processing flow. Besides, with a more academic approach, we provide a transversal schema of the different components taking into account non-functional requirements in order to facilitate the discovery of bottlenecks, hotspots and weaknesses. We also describe the underlying knowledge base, which is set up on the basis of Wikipedia and Wikidata content. We conclude the paper by presenting our solution for the service deployment: how and which the resources where allocated. The service has been in production since Q3 of 2017, and extensively used by the H2020 HIRMEOS partners during the integration with the publishing platforms. International audience

CENDARI (Collaborative European Digital Archive Infrastructure) is a research infrastructure project aimed at integrating digital archives and resources for research on medieval and modern European history.The project brings together information and computer scientists with historians and existing historical research infrastructures (archives, libraries, other digital projects) to improve conditions for digital historical scholarship. CENDARIhas engaged in extensive networking with the archives and libraries of Europe, especially those in Eastern Europe.CENDARI is a 4-year, European-Commission-funded project led by Trinity College Dublin, in partnership with 14 institutions across 8 countries. International audience

In recent years, a variety of initiatives have been funded with the aim of producing software tools or environments of a type variously known as virtual research environments, research infrastructures, or cyberinfrastructures. These initiatives vary in their scale, specialization, scope, and level of funding. One issue that they face in common, however, is that of sustainability: how can the continued--and useful--existence of a system or tool be guaranteed, or at least facilitated, once a project's funding has been spent? In this paper, we examine how such sustainability has been enabled, in the particular case of infrastructures for textual scholarship, in the context of three international projects: TextGrid,1 TEXTvre,2 and DARIAH3. Firstly, we will address the inter-project collaboration and crossfertilization between TextGrid and TEXTvre, including architectural decisions and shared data infrastructures, and investigate how the projects benefited from the exchange. We will then discuss how this existing collaboration can be taken forward by the loosely-coupled and distributed framework being developed by the DARIAH community, and how it can serve as a model for the sort of collaborations that DARIAH plans to enable. International audience