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DARIAH, the Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities, is committed to advancing the digital revolution in the arts and humanities across Europe, by connecting resources and tools with the emerging next generation of digital scholars. National audience

This DARIAH-DE report gives a complementary view to the first of its kind, entitled "Partnerships, relationships and associated initiatives ", where we analysed the tenets of the DARIAH infrastructure and provided an environmental analysis in order to outline a strategic plan for DARIAH. The present report focuses on "Technologies services and user expectations" with a view to better understand what kinds of concrete services we want to offer to our users, given the developments made within the various DARIAH partners in general, but with a special view on contributions of DARIAH-DE.

Notes jotted in the context of the DARIAH-DE discussion on sustainability. International audience

Presentation of the DARIAH EU infrastructure International audience

In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of a visual analytics tool to support historical research. Historians continuously gather data related to their scholarly research from archival visits and background search. Organising and making sense of all this data can be challenging as many historians continue to rely on analog or basic digital tools. We built an integrated note-taking environment for historians which unifies a set of func-tionalities we identified as important for historical research including editing, tagging, searching, sharing and visualization. Our approach was to involve users from the initial stage of brainstorming and requirement analysis through to design, implementation and evaluation. We report on the process and results of our work, and conclude by reflecting on our own experience in conducting user-centered visual analytics design for digital humanities. International audience

The Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH) was first conceptualised in late 2005 as a response to how this very different set of requirements was being addressed in the fast-moving environment of digitally-enhanced research. The infrastructure was later officially founded as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (or ERIC) based in France, but with 17 national members contributing funds and in-kind contributions from their local digital humanities research communities. The knowledge base of the resulting network is further enhanced by contributions from funded research projects in which DARIAH is a partner, as well as the contributions of working groups, assembled by network members on a voluntary basis to address key gaps in infrastructural provision or key emerging challenges for the research communities. International audience

Le projet européen Iperion regroupe un ensemble d'acteurs européens offrant des services d'infrastructure pour l'étude du patrimoine matériel sous la forme d'équipements fixes ou mobiles. Ces différents services génèrent potentiellement de grandes quantités de données qu'il est nécessaire de gérer et documenter. En particulier, il semble utile de travailler à la constitution d'un réservoir de telles données qui soit consultable par une large communauté de chercheurs, notamment en sciences humaines. On peut ainsi penser au rôle que peuvent jouer des analyses précises d'une oeuvre pour un historien des arts qui souhaite étudier l'évolution de la technique d'un peintre par exemple. La mise en place d'une telle infrastructure de données réutilisables dans le domaine du patrimoine matériel se heurte cependant à plusieurs difficultés que nous essayons de réduire au sein du projet Iperion. Tout d'abord, il n'est pas nécessairement dans la culture du déploiement des équipements eux-mêmes d'envisager une réutilisation large des données. Le scénario de base est souvent celui d'un chercheur qui va conduire une analyse ciblée d'un objet patrimonial, pour ensuite exploiter lui-même les résultats correspondants et passer à l'analyse suivante, sans se préoccuper d'une réutilisation des données produites. Ensuite, du point de vue des formats de données, on observe l'absence de réels standards de représentation communs aux différents types d'équipements. On se retrouve ainsi à devoir gérer des données propriétaires qui dépendent principalement des constructeurs des équipements. Enfin, se posele problème complexe des droits d'utilisation qui combinent un ensemble de difficultés liées au statut des oeuvres elles-mêmes, aux règles régissant l'équipement, mais aussi à la volonté de partage du chercheur qui a effectué le recueil initial des données. Dans ce cadre, notre objectif est de mettre en place une démarche d'analyse de l'état des lieux et de proposition de principes communs de gestion des données au sein du projet. Il s'agirait ainsi de préfigurer une charte de gestion des données applicable à la future infrastructure européenne E-RIHS, en collaboration avec l'infrastructure numérique DARIAH en sciences humaines. Nous avons ainsi recueilli les réponses des différents partenaires du projet concernant à la fois les modes de gestion des équipements, et le statut des jeux de données disponibles. La variété des réponses obtenues montre déjà que seules des recommandations génériques pourront être produites à l'échelle européenne, et nous esquisserons quelques propositions dans ce sens. Laurent Romary est directeur de recherche à Inria où il mène des recherches dans le domaine des humanités numériques et plus particulièrement sur la modélisation et la représentation de données en sciences humaines et sociales. Depuis plusieurs années, il a contribué à la définition des politiques d'information scientifique du CNRS, de la société Max Planck et d'Inria, où il a contribué notamment à la définition d'une obligation de dépôt en archives ouvertes dans HAL. Il a aussi participé de longue date à la définition et à l'évolution des directives de la TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), notamment comme membre, mais aussi comme président du conseil technique de la TEI, et préside le comité 37 de l'ISO (Organisation international de normalisation). Il dirige l'infrastructure Européenne DARIAH pour le développement de méthodes numériques en sciences humaines et sociales. https://cv.archives-ouvertes.fr/laurentromary International audience

A defining feature of data and data workflows in the arts and humanities domain is their dependence on cultural heritage sources hosted and curated in museums, libraries, galleries and archives. A major difficulty when scholars interact with heritage data is that the nature of the cooperation between researchers and Cultural Heritage Institutions and the researchers working in CHIs (henceforth CHIs) is often constrained by structural and legal challenges but even more by uncertainties as to the expectations of both parties.This recognition led several European organizations such as APEF, CLARIN, Europeana, E-RIHS to come together and join forces under the governance of DARIAH to set up principles and mechanisms for improving the conditions for the use and re-use of cultural heritage data issued by cultural heritage institutions and studied and enriched by researchers. As a first step of this joint effort is the Heritage Data Reuse Charter (https://datacharter.hypotheses.org/) establishes 6 basic principles for improving the use and re-use of cultural heritage resources by researchers and , to help all the relevant actors to work together to connect and improve access to heritage data. These are: Reciprocity, Interoperability, Citability, Openness, Stewardship and Trustworthiness.As a further step in translating these principles to actual data workflows the survey below serves as a template to frame exchanges around cultural heritage data by enabling both Cultural Heritage Institutions, infrastructure providers and researchers and to clarify their goals at the beginning and the project, to specify access to data, provenance information, preferred citation standards, hosting responsibilities etc. on the basis of which the parties can arrive at mutual reuse agreements that could serve as a starting point for a FAIR-by-construction data management, right from the project planning/application phase. In practice, the survey below can be flexibly applied in platform-independent ways in exchange protocols between Cultural Heritage Institutions and researchers, Institutions who sign the Charter could use it (and expect to use such surveys) in their own exchange protocols. Another direction of future developments is to set up a platform dedicated to such exchanges. On the other hand, researchers are encouraged to contact the CHIs during the initial stages of their project in order to explain their plans and figure details of transaction together. This mutual declaration can later be a powerful component in their Data Management Plans as it shows evidence for responsible and fair conduct of cultural heritage data, and fair (but also FAIR) research data management practices that are based on partnership with the holding institution. As enclosing a Research Data Management Plan to grant applications is becoming a more and more common requirement among research funders, we need to raise the funders’ awareness to the fact that such bi- or trilateral agreements and data reuse declarations among researchers, CHIs and infrastructure providers are crucial domain-specific components of FAIR data management.

The reflections in this chapter stem from the perspective of the DARIAH-ERIC,a distributed infrastructure for the arts and humanities. They explore how impactcan take a variety of forms not always considered when the term is applied in astrictly technocratic sense, and the idea that focussing on the user of a research infrastructuremay not describe an optimal relationship from an impact perspective.The chapter concludes by presenting three frames of reference in which an infrastructurelike DARIAH can have impact: to foster excellence through impact on researchers,promote fluidity through impact on policymakers, and support efficiencythrough impact on our partner organisations. International audience