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  • Rural Digital Europe
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alford, Lucy; Roudine, Sacha; Valsami, Dimitra; Fontaine-Guenel, Tiphanie; +6 Authors

    AbstractWarming temperate winters are resulting in increased insect winter activity. With modern agroecosystems largely homogenous, characterised by low floral diversity, competitive interactions may arise between flower-visiting species, with potential implications for the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. biological control and pollination). Flower strips may be implemented during winter months to support flower-visiting insects and enhance ecosystem service provision. Employing field trials conducted in Brittany, France between 2019 and 2021 and laboratory cage experiments, the current study examined the impact of winter flower strips on aphid biological control performed by parasitoid wasps and the potential for competitive interactions between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators. Results revealed that parasitism rate was not enhanced by the presence of winter flower strips. This lack of effect was not the consequence of pollinator presence, and the current study found no effect of pollinator abundance on parasitism rate. Flower strips may thus be implemented during winter months to support nectar-feeding insects when floral resources are scarce, with no evidence of exploitative competition between pollinators and parasitoids, nor a detrimental impact on biological control provision.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Scientific Reportsarrow_drop_down
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    Scientific Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Scientific Reports
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Malczyk, Grzegorz; Brunner, Maximilian; Cuniato, Eugenio; Tognon, Marco; +1 Authors

    To improve accuracy and robustness of interactive aerial robots, the knowledge of the forces acting on the platform is of uttermost importance. The robot should distinguish interaction forces from external disturbances in order to be compliant with the firsts and reject the seconds. This represents a challenge since disturbances might be of different nature (physical contact, aerodynamic, modeling errors) and be applied to different points of the robot. This work presents a new extended Kalman filter (EKF) based estimator for both external disturbance and interaction forces. The estimator fuses information coming from the system’s dynamic model and it’s state with wrench measurements coming from a Force-Torque sensor. This allows for robust interaction control at the tool’s tip even in presence of external disturbance wrenches acting on the platform. We employ the filter estimates in a novel hybrid force/motion controller to perform force tracking not only along the tool direction, but from any platform’s orientation, without losing the stability of the pose controller. The proposed framework is extensively tested on an omnidirectional aerial manipulator (AM) performing push and slide operations and transitioning between different interaction surfaces, while subject to external disturbances. The experiments are done equipping the AM with two different tools: a rigid interaction stick and an actuated delta manipulator, showing the generality of the approach. Moreover, the estimation results are compared to a state-of-the-art momentum-based estimator, clearly showing the superiority of the EKF approach. Autonomous Robots, 47 (8) ISSN:0929-5593 ISSN:1573-7527

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    Autonomous Robots
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Autonomous Robotsarrow_drop_down
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      Autonomous Robots
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Serge; F. Mazier; R. Fyfe; M.-J. Gaillard; +135 Authors

    Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/land12050986/s1. File S1 Glossary of abbreviations used in the paper. This research was funded by the TERRANOVA Project, H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813904. H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie TERRANOVA Project 813904 Swiss National Science Foundation U.S. National Science Foundation Chinese Academy of Science Swiss Academy of Sciences Linnaeus University’s MERGE PRG323 ETF PRG323

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    Lirias
    Article . 2023
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    St Andrews Research Repository
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    UiS Brage
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: UiS Brage
    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL-INSA Toulouse
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: HAL-INSA Toulouse
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andreo-Jimenez, Beatriz; te Beest, Dennis E.; Kruijer, Willem; Vannier, Nathan; +7 Authors

    Abstract Background Rice is the second most produced crop worldwide, but is highly susceptible to drought. Micro-organisms can potentially alleviate the effects of drought. The aim of the present study was to unravel the genetic factors involved in the rice-microbe interaction, and whether genetics play a role in rice drought tolerance. For this purpose, the composition of the root mycobiota was characterized in 296 rice accessions (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) under control and drought conditions. Genome wide association mapping (GWAS) resulted in the identification of ten significant (LOD > 4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with six root-associated fungi: Ceratosphaeria spp., Cladosporium spp., Boudiera spp., Chaetomium spp., and with a few fungi from the Rhizophydiales order. Four SNPs associated with fungi-mediated drought tolerance were also found. Genes located around those SNPs, such as a DEFENSIN-LIKE (DEFL) protein, EXOCYST TETHERING COMPLEX (EXO70), RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR-LIKE (RALFL) protein, peroxidase and xylosyltransferase, have been shown to be involved in pathogen defense, abiotic stress responses and cell wall remodeling processes. Our study shows that rice genetics affects the recruitment of fungi, and that some fungi affect yield under drought. We identified candidate target genes for breeding to improve rice-fungal interactions and hence drought tolerance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Rice
    Article . 2023
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    Research@WUR; Rice
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Rice
      Article . 2023
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      Research@WUR; Rice
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2023
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Mäkipää, Raisa; Abramoff, Rose; Adamczyk, Bartosz; Baldy, Virginie; +26 Authors

    The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that can mitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential. Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogen fertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linking processes of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota. This review has been supported by the grant Holistic management practices, modelling and monitoring for European forest soils – HoliSoils (EU Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 101000289) and the Academy of Finland Fellow project (330136, B. Adamczyk). In addition to the HoliSoils consortium partners, Dr. Abramoff contributed on this study and her work was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Repositori Obert UdL
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Forest Ecology and Management; Research@WUR; ZENODO
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: JAIRO
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    Authors: Thomas, Houet; Gaetan, Palka; Roberta, Rigo; Hugues, Boussard; +9 Authors

    International audience; Urbanization and agricultural intensification are the main drivers of biodiversity losses through multiple stressors, especially habitat fragmentation, isolation and loss. Designing Blue and Green Infrastructure Networks (BGIN) has been recommended as a potential tool for land-use planning to increase ecosystem services while preserving biodiversity. All municipalities in France are required to perform BGIN planning. This article focuses on the Couesnon watershed (Brittany, France) and the participatory process used to define and analyze five possible pathways of future land-use and land-cover changes that included implementation of BGINs. Impacts on biodiversity were estimated by quantifying the change in landscape connectivity of woodlands, grasslands and wetlands. The effectiveness of BGIN policies was assessed by comparing current landscape connectivity (2018) to those in possible futures. Landscape connectivity referred to functional connectivity for three indicator species (Abax parallelepipedus, Maniola jurtina and Arvicola sapidus) across three landscape features: woodlands, grasslands and wetlands, respectively. Results allowed impacts of urban and agricultural land-use changes to be identified in terms of extent and quality. If BGIN policies were applied effectively to control the expansion of gray infrastructure, they would help increase the area and the quality of grassland and woodland connectivity by no more than 2%. Agricultural land-use and land-cover changes could have more impact on the extent of grassland (− 82% to +38%) and wetland (− 49% to +47%) connectivity. Current and future trends for hedgerows implied a decrease in woodland connectivity of 9.8-33.8%. Impacts on the quality of landscape connectivity is not proportional with the extent, as a decrease of the latter can have relatively more negative impacts on the former, and inversely. The study highlights that the BGIN strategy can preserve landscape connectivity effectively in urban ecosystems, where human density is higher, but can be threatened by agricultural intensification.

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    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Land Use Policy
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    Authors: Morten E. Allentoft; Martin Sikora; Alba Refoyo-Martínez; Evan K. Irving-Pease; +160 Authors

    Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene 1–5 . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp , consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp , resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations. International audience

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    Nature
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Gauthier, Raphaël; Largouët, Christine; Dourmad, Jean-Yves;

    International audience; Predicting litter performance in lactating sows is an essential step towards the development of decision support systems for precision feeding in lactating sows. Numerous factors affecting litter performance have been described in literature. However, predictive models working on-farm in real time are not available. The main objectives of this research was to (i) explore 4 different machine learning strategies, and (ii) identify the best supervised learning algorithm in order to obtain reliable predictions of litter performance. This study was carried out with data obtained from 6 experimental farms over the last 20 years. Algorithms were trained to predict the litter weight at weaning using a set of 4 numeric and 3 categorical features, and a method for predicting secondary litter performance and nutrient output in milk from the predicted litter weight at weaning was evaluated. To evaluate the reliability of predictions within each farm, the mean error per farm (MEf) and the mean absolute percentage error per farm (MAPEf) were computed. The best performance for the prediction of litter weight at weaning was obtained with an ensemble algorithm with farm-level training and testing (MEf = −0.14 kg; MAPEf = 9.01%), but performance with simple linear regression was very close (MAPEf = 9.30%). Learning across all farms only achieved comparable results with the neural networks algorithm, but at higher computational costs. The method for predicting secondary litter performance and nutrient output from the predictions of litter weight at weaning reveals that the MEf remains close to 0, and that the MAPEf only increases by a few percentage points. This study confirms the effect of numerous factors known in the literature to affect litter performance, such as litter size and parity of sows, but also revealed huge variations between farms. According to this study, reliable predictions could be obtained with interpretable supervised algorithms trained at farm level, with features that can be easily measured on-farm. This study thus shows that on-farm data are necessary to accurately train models and make reliable predictions at farm level. These predictions could be used by decision support systems in order to develop precision feeding approaches in lactating sows.

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    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Klaus, M.; Labasque, T.; Botter, G.; Durighetto, N.; +1 Authors

    AbstractQuantifying air‐water gas exchange is critical for estimating greenhouse gas fluxes and metabolism in aquatic ecosystems. In high‐energy streams, the gas exchange rate k is poorly constrained, due to an incomplete understanding of turbulence and bubble contributions to k. We performed a flume experiment with air bubble additions to evaluate the combined effects of turbulence and bubbles on k for helium, argon, xenon, and methane. We created contrasting hydraulic conditions by varying channel slope, bed roughness, water discharge, and bubble flux. We found that k increased from 1–4 to 17–66 m d−1 with increases in turbulence and bubble flux metrics. Mechanistic models that explicitly account for these metrics, as well as gas diffusivity and solubility, agreed well with the data and indicated that bubble‐mediated gas exchange accounted for 64–93% of k. Bubble contributions increased with bubble flux but were independent of gas type, as bubbles did not equilibrate with the water. This was evident through modeled bubble life and equilibration times inferred from bubble size distributions obtained from underwater sound spectra. Sound spectral properties correlated well with turbulence and bubble flux metrics. Our results demonstrate that (a) mechanistic models can be applied to separate free surface‐ and bubble‐mediated gas exchange in running waters, (b) bubble life and equilibration times are critical for accurate scaling of k between different gases, and (c) ambient sound spectra can be used to approximate contributions of turbulence and bubbles.

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    Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences
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    Authors: TaeOh Kwon; Hideaki Shibata; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Inger K. Schmidt; +211 Authors

    Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12- month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1– 3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss.In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate. This work was performed within the TeaComposition initiative, carried out by 190 institutions worldwide. We thank for funding support for the workshop and data analysis from the ILTER. We acknowledge support by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118), Scientific Grant Agency VEGA (Grant No. 2/0101/18), as well as by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant Agreement No. 677232). Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020 + UIDP/50017/2020) and to the project PORBIOTA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127). AI Sousa was funded by national funds through the FCTFoundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the project CEECIND/00962/2017. HS and CB acknowledge FCT support to cE3c through UID/BIA/00329/2013, UID/BIA/00329/2019, and UIDB/00329/2020, and the project PORBIOTA - POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-022127. We are also thankful to UNILEVER for sponsoring the Lipton tea. Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 5 tablas, 4 figuras. Peer reviewed

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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    Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: CC BY
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    Lirias
    Article . 2021
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2021
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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2021
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    ETH Zürich Research Collection
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alford, Lucy; Roudine, Sacha; Valsami, Dimitra; Fontaine-Guenel, Tiphanie; +6 Authors

    AbstractWarming temperate winters are resulting in increased insect winter activity. With modern agroecosystems largely homogenous, characterised by low floral diversity, competitive interactions may arise between flower-visiting species, with potential implications for the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. biological control and pollination). Flower strips may be implemented during winter months to support flower-visiting insects and enhance ecosystem service provision. Employing field trials conducted in Brittany, France between 2019 and 2021 and laboratory cage experiments, the current study examined the impact of winter flower strips on aphid biological control performed by parasitoid wasps and the potential for competitive interactions between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators. Results revealed that parasitism rate was not enhanced by the presence of winter flower strips. This lack of effect was not the consequence of pollinator presence, and the current study found no effect of pollinator abundance on parasitism rate. Flower strips may thus be implemented during winter months to support nectar-feeding insects when floral resources are scarce, with no evidence of exploitative competition between pollinators and parasitoids, nor a detrimental impact on biological control provision.

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    Scientific Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Scientific Reports
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    Authors: Malczyk, Grzegorz; Brunner, Maximilian; Cuniato, Eugenio; Tognon, Marco; +1 Authors

    To improve accuracy and robustness of interactive aerial robots, the knowledge of the forces acting on the platform is of uttermost importance. The robot should distinguish interaction forces from external disturbances in order to be compliant with the firsts and reject the seconds. This represents a challenge since disturbances might be of different nature (physical contact, aerodynamic, modeling errors) and be applied to different points of the robot. This work presents a new extended Kalman filter (EKF) based estimator for both external disturbance and interaction forces. The estimator fuses information coming from the system’s dynamic model and it’s state with wrench measurements coming from a Force-Torque sensor. This allows for robust interaction control at the tool’s tip even in presence of external disturbance wrenches acting on the platform. We employ the filter estimates in a novel hybrid force/motion controller to perform force tracking not only along the tool direction, but from any platform’s orientation, without losing the stability of the pose controller. The proposed framework is extensively tested on an omnidirectional aerial manipulator (AM) performing push and slide operations and transitioning between different interaction surfaces, while subject to external disturbances. The experiments are done equipping the AM with two different tools: a rigid interaction stick and an actuated delta manipulator, showing the generality of the approach. Moreover, the estimation results are compared to a state-of-the-art momentum-based estimator, clearly showing the superiority of the EKF approach. Autonomous Robots, 47 (8) ISSN:0929-5593 ISSN:1573-7527

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    Autonomous Robots
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      Autonomous Robots
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    Authors: M. Serge; F. Mazier; R. Fyfe; M.-J. Gaillard; +135 Authors

    Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/land12050986/s1. File S1 Glossary of abbreviations used in the paper. This research was funded by the TERRANOVA Project, H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813904. H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie TERRANOVA Project 813904 Swiss National Science Foundation U.S. National Science Foundation Chinese Academy of Science Swiss Academy of Sciences Linnaeus University’s MERGE PRG323 ETF PRG323

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    Lirias
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    St Andrews Research Repository
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    UiS Brage
    Article . 2023
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL-INSA Toulouse
    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Andreo-Jimenez, Beatriz; te Beest, Dennis E.; Kruijer, Willem; Vannier, Nathan; +7 Authors

    Abstract Background Rice is the second most produced crop worldwide, but is highly susceptible to drought. Micro-organisms can potentially alleviate the effects of drought. The aim of the present study was to unravel the genetic factors involved in the rice-microbe interaction, and whether genetics play a role in rice drought tolerance. For this purpose, the composition of the root mycobiota was characterized in 296 rice accessions (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) under control and drought conditions. Genome wide association mapping (GWAS) resulted in the identification of ten significant (LOD > 4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with six root-associated fungi: Ceratosphaeria spp., Cladosporium spp., Boudiera spp., Chaetomium spp., and with a few fungi from the Rhizophydiales order. Four SNPs associated with fungi-mediated drought tolerance were also found. Genes located around those SNPs, such as a DEFENSIN-LIKE (DEFL) protein, EXOCYST TETHERING COMPLEX (EXO70), RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR-LIKE (RALFL) protein, peroxidase and xylosyltransferase, have been shown to be involved in pathogen defense, abiotic stress responses and cell wall remodeling processes. Our study shows that rice genetics affects the recruitment of fungi, and that some fungi affect yield under drought. We identified candidate target genes for breeding to improve rice-fungal interactions and hence drought tolerance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Rice
    Article . 2023
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    Research@WUR; Rice
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Rice
      Article . 2023
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      Research@WUR; Rice
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Mäkipää, Raisa; Abramoff, Rose; Adamczyk, Bartosz; Baldy, Virginie; +26 Authors

    The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that can mitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential. Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogen fertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linking processes of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota. This review has been supported by the grant Holistic management practices, modelling and monitoring for European forest soils – HoliSoils (EU Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 101000289) and the Academy of Finland Fellow project (330136, B. Adamczyk). In addition to the HoliSoils consortium partners, Dr. Abramoff contributed on this study and her work was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Repositori Obert UdL
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Forest Ecology and Management; Research@WUR; ZENODO
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: JAIRO
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    Authors: Thomas, Houet; Gaetan, Palka; Roberta, Rigo; Hugues, Boussard; +9 Authors

    International audience; Urbanization and agricultural intensification are the main drivers of biodiversity losses through multiple stressors, especially habitat fragmentation, isolation and loss. Designing Blue and Green Infrastructure Networks (BGIN) has been recommended as a potential tool for land-use planning to increase ecosystem services while preserving biodiversity. All municipalities in France are required to perform BGIN planning. This article focuses on the Couesnon watershed (Brittany, France) and the participatory process used to define and analyze five possible pathways of future land-use and land-cover changes that included implementation of BGINs. Impacts on biodiversity were estimated by quantifying the change in landscape connectivity of woodlands, grasslands and wetlands. The effectiveness of BGIN policies was assessed by comparing current landscape connectivity (2018) to those in possible futures. Landscape connectivity referred to functional connectivity for three indicator species (Abax parallelepipedus, Maniola jurtina and Arvicola sapidus) across three landscape features: woodlands, grasslands and wetlands, respectively. Results allowed impacts of urban and agricultural land-use changes to be identified in terms of extent and quality. If BGIN policies were applied effectively to control the expansion of gray infrastructure, they would help increase the area and the quality of grassland and woodland connectivity by no more than 2%. Agricultural land-use and land-cover changes could have more impact on the extent of grassland (− 82% to +38%) and wetland (− 49% to +47%) connectivity. Current and future trends for hedgerows implied a decrease in woodland connectivity of 9.8-33.8%. Impacts on the quality of landscape connectivity is not proportional with the extent, as a decrease of the latter can have relatively more negative impacts on the former, and inversely. The study highlights that the BGIN strategy can preserve landscape connectivity effectively in urban ecosystems, where human density is higher, but can be threatened by agricultural intensification.

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    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
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      Land Use Policy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Morten E. Allentoft; Martin Sikora; Alba Refoyo-Martínez; Evan K. Irving-Pease; +160 Authors

    Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene 1–5 . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp , consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp , resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations. International audience

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Gauthier, Raphaël; Largouët, Christine; Dourmad, Jean-Yves;

    International audience; Predicting litter performance in lactating sows is an essential step towards the development of decision support systems for precision feeding in lactating sows. Numerous factors affecting litter performance have been described in literature. However, predictive models working on-farm in real time are not available. The main objectives of this research was to (i) explore 4 different machine learning strategies, and (ii) identify the best supervised learning algorithm in order to obtain reliable predictions of litter performance. This study was carried out with data obtained from 6 experimental farms over the last 20 years. Algorithms were trained to predict the litter weight at weaning using a set of 4 numeric and 3 categorical features, and a method for predicting secondary litter performance and nutrient output in milk from the predicted litter weight at weaning was evaluated. To evaluate the reliability of predictions within each farm, the mean error per farm (MEf) and the mean absolute percentage error per farm (MAPEf) were computed. The best performance for the prediction of litter weight at weaning was obtained with an ensemble algorithm with farm-level training and testing (MEf = −0.14 kg; MAPEf = 9.01%), but performance with simple linear regression was very close (MAPEf = 9.30%). Learning across all farms only achieved comparable results with the neural networks algorithm, but at higher computational costs. The method for predicting secondary litter performance and nutrient output from the predictions of litter weight at weaning reveals that the MEf remains close to 0, and that the MAPEf only increases by a few percentage points. This study confirms the effect of numerous factors known in the literature to affect litter performance, such as litter size and parity of sows, but also revealed huge variations between farms. According to this study, reliable predictions could be obtained with interpretable supervised algorithms trained at farm level, with features that can be easily measured on-farm. This study thus shows that on-farm data are necessary to accurately train models and make reliable predictions at farm level. These predictions could be used by decision support systems in order to develop precision feeding approaches in lactating sows.

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    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Klaus, M.; Labasque, T.; Botter, G.; Durighetto, N.; +1 Authors

    AbstractQuantifying air‐water gas exchange is critical for estimating greenhouse gas fluxes and metabolism in aquatic ecosystems. In high‐energy streams, the gas exchange rate k is poorly constrained, due to an incomplete understanding of turbulence and bubble contributions to k. We performed a flume experiment with air bubble additions to evaluate the combined effects of turbulence and bubbles on k for helium, argon, xenon, and methane. We created contrasting hydraulic conditions by varying channel slope, bed roughness, water discharge, and bubble flux. We found that k increased from 1–4 to 17–66 m d−1 with increases in turbulence and bubble flux metrics. Mechanistic models that explicitly account for these metrics, as well as gas diffusivity and solubility, agreed well with the data and indicated that bubble‐mediated gas exchange accounted for 64–93% of k. Bubble contributions increased with bubble flux but were independent of gas type, as bubbles did not equilibrate with the water. This was evident through modeled bubble life and equilibration times inferred from bubble size distributions obtained from underwater sound spectra. Sound spectral properties correlated well with turbulence and bubble flux metrics. Our results demonstrate that (a) mechanistic models can be applied to separate free surface‐ and bubble‐mediated gas exchange in running waters, (b) bubble life and equilibration times are critical for accurate scaling of k between different gases, and (c) ambient sound spectra can be used to approximate contributions of turbulence and bubbles.

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    Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences
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    Authors: TaeOh Kwon; Hideaki Shibata; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Inger K. Schmidt; +211 Authors

    Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12- month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1– 3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss.In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate. This work was performed within the TeaComposition initiative, carried out by 190 institutions worldwide. We thank for funding support for the workshop and data analysis from the ILTER. We acknowledge support by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118), Scientific Grant Agency VEGA (Grant No. 2/0101/18), as well as by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant Agreement No. 677232). Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020 + UIDP/50017/2020) and to the project PORBIOTA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127). AI Sousa was funded by national funds through the FCTFoundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the project CEECIND/00962/2017. HS and CB acknowledge FCT support to cE3c through UID/BIA/00329/2013, UID/BIA/00329/2019, and UIDB/00329/2020, and the project PORBIOTA - POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-022127. We are also thankful to UNILEVER for sponsoring the Lipton tea. Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 5 tablas, 4 figuras. Peer reviewed

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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    Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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