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17 Research products

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  • 2019-2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rosson, David; Mäkelä, Eetu; Vaara, Ville; Mahadevan, Ananth; +2 Authors

    The Reception Reader is a web tool for studying text reuse in the Early English Books Online (EEBO-TCP) and Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) data. Users can: 1) explore a visual overview of the reception of a work, or its incoming connections, across time based on shared text segments, 2) interactively survey the details of connected documents, and 3) examine the context of reused text for "close reading". We show examples of how the tool streamlines research and exploration tasks, and discuss the utility and limitations of the user interface along with its current data sources.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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    Reproducible research (Reproducible research is when data can be reanalysed taking the same steps and producing the same or similar result) is being implemented at different speeds in different disciplines, and Archaeology, as a discipline that sits at the intersection of the sciences and humanities, is at the start of this journey. Enabling reproducibility of your work by others is an important step in ensuring research quality. There are currently many barriers to moving towards reproducible research such as upskilling researchers in the practices, software and infrastructure needed to do reproducible research and also the need to address how we can, as a discipline, deal with issues like sensitive data. In this article, we seek to introduce reproducible research in an understandable manner so that archaeological researchers can learn where and how to start with this approach. We describe what reproducible archaeological research can look like and suggest three different computational skill levels of constructing reproducible research workflows (a research workflow is the different parts of a research lifecycle such as data collection, data analysis, data archiving, etc, and making all stages reproducible by using a history tracking system (version control) and transparent documation). Finally, in an extensive appendix, we address common questions about reproducible research to remove the stigma about these issues and suggest ways to overcome them.

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    Authors: Schöch, Christof;

    The concept of literary genre is a highly complex one: not only are different genres frequently defined on several, but not necessarily the same levels of description, but consideration of genres as cognitive, social, or scholarly constructs with a rich history further complicate the matter. This contribution focuses on thematic aspects of genre with a quantitative approach, namely Topic Modeling. Topic Modeling has proven to be useful to discover thematic patterns and trends in large collections of texts, with a view to class or browse them on the basis of their dominant themes. It has rarely if ever, however, been applied to collections of dramatic texts. In this contribution, Topic Modeling is used to analyze a collection of French Drama of the Classical Age and the Enlightenment. The general aim of this contribution is to discover what semantic types of topics are found in this collection, whether different dramatic subgenres have distinctive dominant topics and plot-related topic patterns, and inversely, to what extent clustering methods based on topic scores per play produce groupings of texts which agree with more conventional genre distinctions. This contribution shows that interesting topic patterns can be detected which provide new insights into the thematic, subgenre-related structure of French drama as well as into the history of French drama of the Classical Age and the Enlightenment. Comment: 11 figures

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Papadopoulou, Maria; Smyrnaiou, Zacharoula;

    Digital technologies, such as the Internet and Artificial Intelligence, are part of our daily lives, influencing broader aspects of our way of life, as well as the way we interact with the past. Having dramatically changed the ways in which knowledge is produced and consumed, the algorithmic age has also radically changed the relationship that the general public has with History. Fields of History such as Public and Oral History have particularly benefitted from the rise of digital culture. How does our digital culture affect the way we think, study, research and teach the past, as historical evidence spreads rapidly in the public sphere? How do digital technologies promote the study, writing and teaching of History? What should historians, students of history and pre-service history teachers be critically aware of, when swarmed with digitized or born-digital content, constantly growing on the Internet? And while these changes are now visible globally, how is the discipline of History situated within the digital transformation rapidly advancing in Greece? Finally, what are the consequences of these changes for History as a subject taught at Greek secondary schools? These are some of the issues raised in the text that follows, which is part of the course materials of the undergraduate course offered during winter semester 2020-2021 at the School University of Athens, School of Philosophy, Pedagogy, Psychology. Course Title: 'Pedagogics of History: Theory and Practice', Academic Institution: School of Philosophy-Pedagogy-Psychology, University of Athens. Comment: 47 pages, in Greek, 8 figures

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Massot, Marie-Laure; Tricoche, Agnès;

    This article presents a study of the French-speaking digital humanities. It is based on the experience of two research engineers from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) who have been studying these issues for the last ten years. They conducted a survey at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS-Paris) which enabled them to draw up an overview of the transformation of the profession of humanities and social sciences research engineers in the context of the digital humanities. The Digit_Hum initiative, which they run in parallel with their respective activities at the ENS, also provided information for this overview thanks to its role as a space for discussion about the digital humanities along with training and structuring of this field at the ENS and the Université Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL). Cet article est une réflexion sur les humanités numériques en contexte francophone. Elle s’appuie sur l'expérience de deux ingénieures du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique travaillant sur ces questions depuis une dizaine d'années. À travers l'enquête qu'elles ont menée à l'École normale supérieure (ENS-Paris), elles dressent un panorama de la transformation du métier d'ingénieur(e) en sciences humaines et sociales dans le contexte des humanités numériques. L'initiative Digit_Hum, qu'elles animent en parallèle de leurs activités respectives à l'École, nourrit également ce témoignage en constituant un espace de discussions, de formations et de structuration des humanités numériques au sein de l'ENS et de l’Université Paris Sciences & Lettres.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Episciencesarrow_drop_down
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    Episciences
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Episciences
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Del Gratta, Riccardo;

    In this article, we propose a Category Theory approach to (syntactic) interoperability between linguistic tools. The resulting category consists of textual documents, including any linguistic annotations, NLP tools that analyze texts and add additional linguistic information, and format converters. Format converters are necessary to make the tools both able to read and to produce different output formats, which is the key to interoperability. The idea behind this document is the parallelism between the concepts of composition and associativity in Category Theory with the NLP pipelines. We show how pipelines of linguistic tools can be modeled into the conceptual framework of Category Theory and we successfully apply this method to two real-life examples. Comment: Paper submitted to Applied Category Theory 2020 and accepted for Virtual Poster Session

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    Authors: Zamani, Maryam; Tejedor, Alejandro; Vogl, Malte; Krautli, Florian; +2 Authors

    We investigated the evolution and transformation of scientific knowledge in the early modern period, analyzing more than 350 different editions of textbooks used for teaching astronomy in European universities from the late fifteenth century to mid-seventeenth century. These historical sources constitute the Sphaera Corpus. By examining different semantic relations among individual parts of each edition on record, we built a multiplex network consisting of six layers, as well as the aggregated network built from the superposition of all the layers. The network analysis reveals the emergence of five different communities. The contribution of each layer in shaping the communities and the properties of each community are studied. The most influential books in the corpus are found by calculating the average age of all the out-going and in-coming links for each book. A small group of editions is identified as a transmitter of knowledge as they bridge past knowledge to the future through a long temporal interval. Our analysis, moreover, identifies the most disruptive books. These books introduce new knowledge that is then adopted by almost all the books published afterwards until the end of the whole period of study. The historical research on the content of the identified books, as an empirical test, finally corroborates the results of all our analyses. Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

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    Authors: Rehm, Georg; Marheinecke, Katrin; Hegele, Stefanie; Piperidis, Stelios; +43 Authors

    Multilingualism is a cultural cornerstone of Europe and firmly anchored in the European treaties including full language equality. However, language barriers impacting business, cross-lingual and cross-cultural communication are still omnipresent. Language Technologies (LTs) are a powerful means to break down these barriers. While the last decade has seen various initiatives that created a multitude of approaches and technologies tailored to Europe's specific needs, there is still an immense level of fragmentation. At the same time, AI has become an increasingly important concept in the European Information and Communication Technology area. For a few years now, AI, including many opportunities, synergies but also misconceptions, has been overshadowing every other topic. We present an overview of the European LT landscape, describing funding programmes, activities, actions and challenges in the different countries with regard to LT, including the current state of play in industry and the LT market. We present a brief overview of the main LT-related activities on the EU level in the last ten years and develop strategic guidance with regard to four key dimensions. Comment: Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020). To appear

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    „One Data to Rule them All“ Man stelle sich vor, man könne durch die Bibliothek Bruchtals wandeln und hätte nur einen Tag Zeit all das Wissen der Elben in sich aufzunehmen. Ein Schatz, vermutlich kostbarer als der eine Ring, den Sauron in den Feuern des Schicksalberges heimlich schmiedete. Man stelle sich vor, man könnte das Wissen aus den Büchern und Schriftrollen extrahieren und hätte an diesem einen Tag den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen aller Zeitalter mit einem Mal vor sich zu liegen. Welch erstaunliche Erkenntnisse könnten dem geneigten Leser dort erwarten? Könnte man herausfinden ob es mehr Elben oder Zwerge gibt? Oder könnte man herausfinden wie lang die Strecke von Beren und Luthien war als sie die Silmarilsteine retteten im Vergleich zur Entfernung die Frodo zurücklegte, um den Ring in das Feuer zu werfen? Die vorliegende Arbeit kann diese Fragen zum derzeitigen Zeitpunkt nicht beantworten, jedoch die Frage: Wo in Mittelerde tauchte Gandalf, einer der fünf Istari die nach Norden kamen, überall auf und hat er schon jeden Ort von Mittelerde gesehen? Weiterhin könnte die hier vorliegende Arbeit die Frage beantworten an welchen Orten Frodo Beutlin war, als er auf dem Weg nach Mordor war. In Diskussionen der letzten Jahre wird der Zugang zu Texten über die intensive Lektüre einzelner Texte oft als close reading bezeichnet, der Zugang zu großen Textsammlungen über statistische Aussagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen kleinen Teil dazu beitragen die Möglichkeiten des Data Science und die Anwendung von Methoden am Beispiel Literarischer Werke aufzeigen, und ein Bewusstsein dafür schaffen auch Urheberrechtliche Werke für die Forschung bereitzustellen. Zudem soll die Arbeit aufweisen, wie wertvoll es sein kann Werke und Daten nicht nur in PDF oder Epub zu vertreiben, sondern eben jene Daten ebenso in Maschinen verarbeitende Formate auszugeben. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit anhand von Text- und Data Mining Fragestellungen zu beantworten und Forschung zu fördern. Sodass es möglich ist, quantitativ aufzeigen zu können, was in einem Text ungefähr drin sein kann. Es macht aufmerksam. Was man dort findet ist nicht eine Erklärung oder eine Interpretation, sondern es ist zunächst mal ein Indiz, darüber, dass da was ist. Zudem soll das Projekt einen groben Überblick über die Methoden und Inhalte der Digital Humanities geben, insbesondere dem Gegenstand der digitalen Sammlungen. Um eine gute wissenschaftliche Praxis sicher zu können soll in dieser Arbeit zudem versucht werden die FAIR-Prinzipien und die Verwendung des RDMO Tools auf kleine, private Datenprojekte anzuwenden.Zudem sollen hierbei Standards aus den Informationswissenschaften angewandt werden, wie zum Beispiel der Open Access Veröffentlichung der Daten und Ergebnisse. Ziel des Projekts ist der Aufbau einer digitalen Datensammlung zu Realisierung einer Identifikationsmöglichkeit zur Ort-Charakter Relation in Tolkiens Mittelerde Werken. Um Ergebnisse erzielen zu können, wurden für die Bearbeitung des Forschungsgegenstandes die Werke „Das Silmarilion“, „Der Hobbit“, „Der Herr der Ringe“ von J.R.R Tolkien in der deutschen Übersetzung als Ausgangsbasis ausgewählt. Doch warum gerade ebenjenes Fiktionales Epochale Werk? Für wen könnte die Analyse Tolkiens Werke interessant sein? Beobachtet man die letzten Jahren der Buchveröffentlichungen und Kinoverfilmungen, so fällt dem Betrachter auf, dass zwischen den Jahren 2012 und 2019 einige neue Veröffentlichungen zu Tolkiens Mittelerde Welt erfolgt sind. Neben der Verfilmung des Hobbits, wurden ebenso die Bücher „Beren und Luthien“ oder „Der Fall Gondolin“ verlegt und auch im Videospielbereich gab es zahlreiche neue Veröffentlichungen. Nicht zuletzt wurde die Welt rund um Mittelerde in das allgemeine Bewusstsein gerufen, als Amazone bekannt gab eine Serie zu produzieren. Neben dieser erfreulichen Nachricht gab es jedoch in jüngster Zeit auch traurige Mitteilungen, als der Tod Christopher Tolkien bekannt gegeben wurde. Viele Jahre lang verwaltete dieser die Unterlagen seines Vaters und verlegte in zeitlichen Abständen immer wieder neue, bisher unveröffentlichte, Geschichten aus dem Nachlass J.R.R. Tolkiens. Aus diesem Grund könnte die hier vorliegende Arbeit und die daraus sich ergebenen Ergebnisse für Literaturwissenschaftler, Informationswissenschaftler, Digital Humanities und der interessierten Öffentlichkeit von größeren Interesse sein. Einer noch nicht breiten Öffentlichkeit, ist das Webbasierte, englischsprachige, Lord oft he Ring Project bekannt. Dieses nicht-kommerzielle, private Projekt zeigt welche erstaunlichen Erkenntnisse sich aus Daten und Textmining generieren lassen. Um der deutschsprachigen Community ebenso die Möglichkeit zu bieten Daten zu verarbeiten und genieren, wurde die Entscheidung getroffen die deutschen Übersetzungen als Datenbasis zu verwenden. Zu Beginn des Berichts wird der Strand der Forschung näher beleuchtet, daraufhin wird die Methodik vorgestellt und die Ergebnisse präsentiert. Abschließend folgt ein Fazit, in dem die Ergebnisse rekapituliert werden, und ein Ausblick auf mögliche nachfolgende Forschung angestellt wird.

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    Authors: Gimena del Rio Riande; Erzsébet Tóth-Czifra; Ulrike Wuttke; Yoann Moranville;

    The digital transformation has initiated a paradigm shift in research and scholarly communication practices towards a more open scholarly culture. Although this transformation is slowly happening in the Digital Humanities field, open is not yet default. The article introduces the OpenMethods metablog, a community platform that highlights open research methods, tools, and practices within the context of the Digital Humanities by republishing open access content around methods and tools in various formats and languages. It also describes the platform’s technical infrastructure based on its requirements and main functionalities, and especially the collaborative content sourcing and editorial workflows. The article concludes with a discussion of the potentials of the OpenMethods metablog to overcome barriers towards open practices by focusing on inclusive, community sourced information based around opening up research processes and the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve its goals.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rosson, David; Mäkelä, Eetu; Vaara, Ville; Mahadevan, Ananth; +2 Authors

    The Reception Reader is a web tool for studying text reuse in the Early English Books Online (EEBO-TCP) and Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) data. Users can: 1) explore a visual overview of the reception of a work, or its incoming connections, across time based on shared text segments, 2) interactively survey the details of connected documents, and 3) examine the context of reused text for "close reading". We show examples of how the tool streamlines research and exploration tasks, and discuss the utility and limitations of the user interface along with its current data sources.

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    Reproducible research (Reproducible research is when data can be reanalysed taking the same steps and producing the same or similar result) is being implemented at different speeds in different disciplines, and Archaeology, as a discipline that sits at the intersection of the sciences and humanities, is at the start of this journey. Enabling reproducibility of your work by others is an important step in ensuring research quality. There are currently many barriers to moving towards reproducible research such as upskilling researchers in the practices, software and infrastructure needed to do reproducible research and also the need to address how we can, as a discipline, deal with issues like sensitive data. In this article, we seek to introduce reproducible research in an understandable manner so that archaeological researchers can learn where and how to start with this approach. We describe what reproducible archaeological research can look like and suggest three different computational skill levels of constructing reproducible research workflows (a research workflow is the different parts of a research lifecycle such as data collection, data analysis, data archiving, etc, and making all stages reproducible by using a history tracking system (version control) and transparent documation). Finally, in an extensive appendix, we address common questions about reproducible research to remove the stigma about these issues and suggest ways to overcome them.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schöch, Christof;

    The concept of literary genre is a highly complex one: not only are different genres frequently defined on several, but not necessarily the same levels of description, but consideration of genres as cognitive, social, or scholarly constructs with a rich history further complicate the matter. This contribution focuses on thematic aspects of genre with a quantitative approach, namely Topic Modeling. Topic Modeling has proven to be useful to discover thematic patterns and trends in large collections of texts, with a view to class or browse them on the basis of their dominant themes. It has rarely if ever, however, been applied to collections of dramatic texts. In this contribution, Topic Modeling is used to analyze a collection of French Drama of the Classical Age and the Enlightenment. The general aim of this contribution is to discover what semantic types of topics are found in this collection, whether different dramatic subgenres have distinctive dominant topics and plot-related topic patterns, and inversely, to what extent clustering methods based on topic scores per play produce groupings of texts which agree with more conventional genre distinctions. This contribution shows that interesting topic patterns can be detected which provide new insights into the thematic, subgenre-related structure of French drama as well as into the history of French drama of the Classical Age and the Enlightenment. Comment: 11 figures

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    Authors: Papadopoulou, Maria; Smyrnaiou, Zacharoula;

    Digital technologies, such as the Internet and Artificial Intelligence, are part of our daily lives, influencing broader aspects of our way of life, as well as the way we interact with the past. Having dramatically changed the ways in which knowledge is produced and consumed, the algorithmic age has also radically changed the relationship that the general public has with History. Fields of History such as Public and Oral History have particularly benefitted from the rise of digital culture. How does our digital culture affect the way we think, study, research and teach the past, as historical evidence spreads rapidly in the public sphere? How do digital technologies promote the study, writing and teaching of History? What should historians, students of history and pre-service history teachers be critically aware of, when swarmed with digitized or born-digital content, constantly growing on the Internet? And while these changes are now visible globally, how is the discipline of History situated within the digital transformation rapidly advancing in Greece? Finally, what are the consequences of these changes for History as a subject taught at Greek secondary schools? These are some of the issues raised in the text that follows, which is part of the course materials of the undergraduate course offered during winter semester 2020-2021 at the School University of Athens, School of Philosophy, Pedagogy, Psychology. Course Title: 'Pedagogics of History: Theory and Practice', Academic Institution: School of Philosophy-Pedagogy-Psychology, University of Athens. Comment: 47 pages, in Greek, 8 figures

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    Authors: Massot, Marie-Laure; Tricoche, Agnès;

    This article presents a study of the French-speaking digital humanities. It is based on the experience of two research engineers from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) who have been studying these issues for the last ten years. They conducted a survey at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS-Paris) which enabled them to draw up an overview of the transformation of the profession of humanities and social sciences research engineers in the context of the digital humanities. The Digit_Hum initiative, which they run in parallel with their respective activities at the ENS, also provided information for this overview thanks to its role as a space for discussion about the digital humanities along with training and structuring of this field at the ENS and the Université Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL). Cet article est une réflexion sur les humanités numériques en contexte francophone. Elle s’appuie sur l'expérience de deux ingénieures du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique travaillant sur ces questions depuis une dizaine d'années. À travers l'enquête qu'elles ont menée à l'École normale supérieure (ENS-Paris), elles dressent un panorama de la transformation du métier d'ingénieur(e) en sciences humaines et sociales dans le contexte des humanités numériques. L'initiative Digit_Hum, qu'elles animent en parallèle de leurs activités respectives à l'École, nourrit également ce témoignage en constituant un espace de discussions, de formations et de structuration des humanités numériques au sein de l'ENS et de l’Université Paris Sciences & Lettres.

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    Episciences
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Episciences
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Del Gratta, Riccardo;

    In this article, we propose a Category Theory approach to (syntactic) interoperability between linguistic tools. The resulting category consists of textual documents, including any linguistic annotations, NLP tools that analyze texts and add additional linguistic information, and format converters. Format converters are necessary to make the tools both able to read and to produce different output formats, which is the key to interoperability. The idea behind this document is the parallelism between the concepts of composition and associativity in Category Theory with the NLP pipelines. We show how pipelines of linguistic tools can be modeled into the conceptual framework of Category Theory and we successfully apply this method to two real-life examples. Comment: Paper submitted to Applied Category Theory 2020 and accepted for Virtual Poster Session

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    Authors: Zamani, Maryam; Tejedor, Alejandro; Vogl, Malte; Krautli, Florian; +2 Authors

    We investigated the evolution and transformation of scientific knowledge in the early modern period, analyzing more than 350 different editions of textbooks used for teaching astronomy in European universities from the late fifteenth century to mid-seventeenth century. These historical sources constitute the Sphaera Corpus. By examining different semantic relations among individual parts of each edition on record, we built a multiplex network consisting of six layers, as well as the aggregated network built from the superposition of all the layers. The network analysis reveals the emergence of five different communities. The contribution of each layer in shaping the communities and the properties of each community are studied. The most influential books in the corpus are found by calculating the average age of all the out-going and in-coming links for each book. A small group of editions is identified as a transmitter of knowledge as they bridge past knowledge to the future through a long temporal interval. Our analysis, moreover, identifies the most disruptive books. These books introduce new knowledge that is then adopted by almost all the books published afterwards until the end of the whole period of study. The historical research on the content of the identified books, as an empirical test, finally corroborates the results of all our analyses. Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

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    Authors: Rehm, Georg; Marheinecke, Katrin; Hegele, Stefanie; Piperidis, Stelios; +43 Authors

    Multilingualism is a cultural cornerstone of Europe and firmly anchored in the European treaties including full language equality. However, language barriers impacting business, cross-lingual and cross-cultural communication are still omnipresent. Language Technologies (LTs) are a powerful means to break down these barriers. While the last decade has seen various initiatives that created a multitude of approaches and technologies tailored to Europe's specific needs, there is still an immense level of fragmentation. At the same time, AI has become an increasingly important concept in the European Information and Communication Technology area. For a few years now, AI, including many opportunities, synergies but also misconceptions, has been overshadowing every other topic. We present an overview of the European LT landscape, describing funding programmes, activities, actions and challenges in the different countries with regard to LT, including the current state of play in industry and the LT market. We present a brief overview of the main LT-related activities on the EU level in the last ten years and develop strategic guidance with regard to four key dimensions. Comment: Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020). To appear

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    „One Data to Rule them All“ Man stelle sich vor, man könne durch die Bibliothek Bruchtals wandeln und hätte nur einen Tag Zeit all das Wissen der Elben in sich aufzunehmen. Ein Schatz, vermutlich kostbarer als der eine Ring, den Sauron in den Feuern des Schicksalberges heimlich schmiedete. Man stelle sich vor, man könnte das Wissen aus den Büchern und Schriftrollen extrahieren und hätte an diesem einen Tag den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen aller Zeitalter mit einem Mal vor sich zu liegen. Welch erstaunliche Erkenntnisse könnten dem geneigten Leser dort erwarten? Könnte man herausfinden ob es mehr Elben oder Zwerge gibt? Oder könnte man herausfinden wie lang die Strecke von Beren und Luthien war als sie die Silmarilsteine retteten im Vergleich zur Entfernung die Frodo zurücklegte, um den Ring in das Feuer zu werfen? Die vorliegende Arbeit kann diese Fragen zum derzeitigen Zeitpunkt nicht beantworten, jedoch die Frage: Wo in Mittelerde tauchte Gandalf, einer der fünf Istari die nach Norden kamen, überall auf und hat er schon jeden Ort von Mittelerde gesehen? Weiterhin könnte die hier vorliegende Arbeit die Frage beantworten an welchen Orten Frodo Beutlin war, als er auf dem Weg nach Mordor war. In Diskussionen der letzten Jahre wird der Zugang zu Texten über die intensive Lektüre einzelner Texte oft als close reading bezeichnet, der Zugang zu großen Textsammlungen über statistische Aussagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen kleinen Teil dazu beitragen die Möglichkeiten des Data Science und die Anwendung von Methoden am Beispiel Literarischer Werke aufzeigen, und ein Bewusstsein dafür schaffen auch Urheberrechtliche Werke für die Forschung bereitzustellen. Zudem soll die Arbeit aufweisen, wie wertvoll es sein kann Werke und Daten nicht nur in PDF oder Epub zu vertreiben, sondern eben jene Daten ebenso in Maschinen verarbeitende Formate auszugeben. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit anhand von Text- und Data Mining Fragestellungen zu beantworten und Forschung zu fördern. Sodass es möglich ist, quantitativ aufzeigen zu können, was in einem Text ungefähr drin sein kann. Es macht aufmerksam. Was man dort findet ist nicht eine Erklärung oder eine Interpretation, sondern es ist zunächst mal ein Indiz, darüber, dass da was ist. Zudem soll das Projekt einen groben Überblick über die Methoden und Inhalte der Digital Humanities geben, insbesondere dem Gegenstand der digitalen Sammlungen. Um eine gute wissenschaftliche Praxis sicher zu können soll in dieser Arbeit zudem versucht werden die FAIR-Prinzipien und die Verwendung des RDMO Tools auf kleine, private Datenprojekte anzuwenden.Zudem sollen hierbei Standards aus den Informationswissenschaften angewandt werden, wie zum Beispiel der Open Access Veröffentlichung der Daten und Ergebnisse. Ziel des Projekts ist der Aufbau einer digitalen Datensammlung zu Realisierung einer Identifikationsmöglichkeit zur Ort-Charakter Relation in Tolkiens Mittelerde Werken. Um Ergebnisse erzielen zu können, wurden für die Bearbeitung des Forschungsgegenstandes die Werke „Das Silmarilion“, „Der Hobbit“, „Der Herr der Ringe“ von J.R.R Tolkien in der deutschen Übersetzung als Ausgangsbasis ausgewählt. Doch warum gerade ebenjenes Fiktionales Epochale Werk? Für wen könnte die Analyse Tolkiens Werke interessant sein? Beobachtet man die letzten Jahren der Buchveröffentlichungen und Kinoverfilmungen, so fällt dem Betrachter auf, dass zwischen den Jahren 2012 und 2019 einige neue Veröffentlichungen zu Tolkiens Mittelerde Welt erfolgt sind. Neben der Verfilmung des Hobbits, wurden ebenso die Bücher „Beren und Luthien“ oder „Der Fall Gondolin“ verlegt und auch im Videospielbereich gab es zahlreiche neue Veröffentlichungen. Nicht zuletzt wurde die Welt rund um Mittelerde in das allgemeine Bewusstsein gerufen, als Amazone bekannt gab eine Serie zu produzieren. Neben dieser erfreulichen Nachricht gab es jedoch in jüngster Zeit auch traurige Mitteilungen, als der Tod Christopher Tolkien bekannt gegeben wurde. Viele Jahre lang verwaltete dieser die Unterlagen seines Vaters und verlegte in zeitlichen Abständen immer wieder neue, bisher unveröffentlichte, Geschichten aus dem Nachlass J.R.R. Tolkiens. Aus diesem Grund könnte die hier vorliegende Arbeit und die daraus sich ergebenen Ergebnisse für Literaturwissenschaftler, Informationswissenschaftler, Digital Humanities und der interessierten Öffentlichkeit von größeren Interesse sein. Einer noch nicht breiten Öffentlichkeit, ist das Webbasierte, englischsprachige, Lord oft he Ring Project bekannt. Dieses nicht-kommerzielle, private Projekt zeigt welche erstaunlichen Erkenntnisse sich aus Daten und Textmining generieren lassen. Um der deutschsprachigen Community ebenso die Möglichkeit zu bieten Daten zu verarbeiten und genieren, wurde die Entscheidung getroffen die deutschen Übersetzungen als Datenbasis zu verwenden. Zu Beginn des Berichts wird der Strand der Forschung näher beleuchtet, daraufhin wird die Methodik vorgestellt und die Ergebnisse präsentiert. Abschließend folgt ein Fazit, in dem die Ergebnisse rekapituliert werden, und ein Ausblick auf mögliche nachfolgende Forschung angestellt wird.

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