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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2022 SwedenPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Authors: T. Schöfisch; H. Koyi; H. Koyi; B. Almqvist;T. Schöfisch; H. Koyi; H. Koyi; B. Almqvist;Abstract. A magnetic fabric analysis is a useful tool to display deformation in nature and in models. In this study, three sandbox models represent basin inversion above a velocity discontinuity (base plate). After complete deformation of each model, samples were taken in different parts of the models (along faults and areas away from faults) for magnetic fabric analysis. Model I, which simulates basin formation during extension, shows two kinds of magnetic fabric: an “undeformed”/initial fabric in areas away from faults and a normal fault-induced fabric with a magnetic foliation that tends to align with the fault surface. Models II and III were extended to the same stage as Model I but were subsequently shortened/inverted by 1.5 cm (Model II) and 4 cm (Model III). Both inverted models developed “thrusts” during inversion. The thrusts show an alignment of magnetic foliation parallel to the fault surfaces that depends on the maturity of the thrust. Our results highlight that thrusting is more efficient in aligning the magnetic fabric along them compared to normal faults. Moreover, models II and III reveal a magnetic fabric overprint towards a penetrative strain-induced fabric (magnetic lineation perpendicular to shortening direction) with increasing strain in areas away from thrusts. Such overprint shows a gradual transition of a magnetic fabric to a penetrative strain-induced fabric and further into a thrust-induced fabric during shortening/inversion. In contrast, extension (Model I) developed distinct magnetic fabrics without gradual overprint. In addition, pre-existing normal faults are also overprinted to a penetrative strain-induced fabric during model inversion. They define weak zones within the main pop-up imbricate and steepen during model inversion. Steepening influences the magnetic fabric at the faults and, in general, the strain propagation through the model during inversion. The magnetic fabric extracted from the models presented here reflect the different stages of basin development and inversion. This study is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses on models simulating inverted basins. This study illustrates the possibility of applying a robust tool, i.e. magnetic fabric analyses, to sandbox models, whose initial, intermediate, and final stages are well documented, to understand fabric development in inverted tectonic regimes.
Publikationer från U... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/egusphere-2022-1258&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Publikationer från U... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/egusphere-2022-1258&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint 2022 EnglishPublisher:Zenodo Wasim, Syed Talal; Collaud, Romain; Défayes, Lara; Henchoz, Nicolas; Slazmann, Mathieu; Ribes Lemay, Delphine;Using a digital collection composed of more than 52'000 posters from different years, designers, topics, and clients, we study the feasibility of comparing posters based on their typographic features. To this end, we explore the possibilities of training a model to classify serif types without knowing the font and the character. We also investigate how to train a vectorial-based image model able to group together fonts with similar features. Specifically, we compare the use of state-of-the-art image classification methods, such as the EfficientNet-B2 and the Vision Transformer Base model with different patch sizes, and the state-of-the-art fine-grained image classification method, TransFG, on the serif classification task. We also evaluate the use of the DeepSVG model to learn to group fonts with similar features. Our investigation reveals that fine-grained image classification methods are better suited for the serif classification tasks, and that leveraging the character labels helps to learn more meaningful font similarities.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.7268830&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.7268830&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Review , Other literature type , Preprint , Article 2022 Switzerland EnglishPublisher:Zenodo Wasim, Syed Talal; Collaud, Romain; Défayes, Lara; Henchoz, Nicolas; Slazmann, Mathieu; Ribes Lemay, Delphine;Whether a document is of historical or contemporary significance, typography plays a crucial role in its composition. From the earliest forms of writing in Mesopotamia to the early days of modern printing, typographic techniques have evolved and transformed, resulting in changes to the features of typography. By analyzing these features, we can gain insights into specific time periods, geographical locations, and messages conveyed through typography. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to investigate the feasibility of training a model to classify serif types without knowledge of the font and character. We also investigate how to train a vectorial-based image model able to group together fonts with similar features. Specifically, we compare the use of state-of-the-art image classification methods, such as the EfficientNet-B2 and the Vision Transformer Base model with different patch sizes, and the state-of-the-art fine-grained image classification method, TransFG, on the serif classification task. We also evaluate the use of the DeepSVG model to learn to group fonts with similar features. Our investigation reveals that fine-grained image classification methods are better suited for the serif classification tasks and that leveraging the character labels helps to learn more meaningful font similarities. This repository contains: - Paper published in the Journal of data mining and digital humanities: WasimEtAl_Toward_Automatic_Typography_Analysis__Serif_Classification_and_Font_Similarities.pdf - Two datasets: The first for serif classification consisting of 126666 training and 2914 font-independent testing images in raster format. The second dataset for svg based similarity learning consists of 124010 training and 2914 font-independent testing images. The images have been categorized into sans-serif, linear-serif, slab-serif, and triangular serif by a designer at the EPFL+ECAL Lab font_serif_dataset.zip font_svg_dataset.zip - model weights: serif_B_16_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/16 Backend serif_B_32_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/32 Backend ViT-B_16.npz ViT-B_32.npz are publicly available at: https://github.com/TACJu/TransFG and were used for training TransFG ViT B/16 Backend and TransFG ViT B/32 Backend - code: https://github.com/TalalWasim/GEST-Serif
Episciences arrow_drop_down Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.8123414&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!visibility 32visibility views 32 download downloads 47 Powered bymore_vert Episciences arrow_drop_down Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.8123414&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2022Publisher:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Louise van Oudenhove; Aurélie Cazier; Marine Fillaud; Anne-Violette Lavoir; Hicham Fatnassi; Guy Pérez; Vincent Calcagno;AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are increasingly used as biopesticides due to their insecticidal potential. This study addresses their non-target effects on a biological control agent: the egg parasitoidTrichogramma evanescens. In particular, we tested whether EOs affected parasitoid fitness either directly, by decreasing pre-imaginal survival, or indirectly, by disrupting parasitoids’ orientation abilities. The effect of Anise, Fennel, Sweet orange, Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint, Mugwort, Rosemary and Thyme EOs were studied on five strains ofT. evanescens. Specific experimental setups were developed, and data obtained from image analysis were interpreted with phenomenological models fitted with Bayesian inference. Results highlight the fumigant toxicity of EOs on parasitoid development. Anise, Fennel, Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint and Thyme EOs are particularly toxic and drastically reduce the emergence rate ofT. evanescens. Most EOs also affect parasitoid behavior: (i) Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint, Mugwort and Thyme EOs are highly repellent for naive female parasitoids; (ii) Anise and Fennel EOs can have repellent or attractive effects depending on strains; and (iii) Sweet orange, Oregano and Rosemary EOs have no detectable impact on orientation behavior. This study shows that EOs fumigation have non-target effects on egg parasitoids. This highlights the need to cautiously precise the deployment framework of biopesticides in an agroecological perspective.
Peer Community Journ... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04081597/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1101/2022.01.14.476310&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Peer Community Journ... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04081597/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1101/2022.01.14.476310&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Article 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Hayder Hasan; Katia Hazim Abu Shihab; Zohreh Mohammad; Hafsa Jahan; Ayla Coussa; MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris;Abstract Purpose With smartphone addiction’s (SA) increasing prevalence among young adults, there is a growing concern about its adverse effects on distorted dietary and lifestyle behaviors, including disturbed sleeping and eating patterns. We aim to study the prevalence of SA risk, poor sleeping quality, evening chronotype, and eating disorders (ED) risk among university students in the UAE. We also aim to assess the associations between them, emphasizing the one between ED and SA risks. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated using the convenience sampling technique. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test-26 items, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to measure sleep quality, chronotype, ED risk, and SA risk, respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied, and P< 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results Out of 552 students (mean age: 21.2±5.1 years), 71% had poor sleep quality, 33.9% reported evening chronotype, 37.9% had ED risk, and 56.2% had SA risk. The risk of SA was significantly associated with both poor sleep quality (OR=2.93; 95% CI: 2.01-4.29; p<0.001) and evening chronotype (p=0.005). ED risk was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (p<0.001), but not with chronotype or SA risk. Poor sleep quality predicted best ED risk. Conclusion High prevalence of SA, ED risk, and poor sleep quality was reported among university students in the UAE. Associations between poor sleep quality, evening chronotype, SA risk, and ED risk were further confirmed, along with sleep quality predicting risks of ED.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4196871&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4196871&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2022 SwitzerlandPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | EPYC, EC | EI3POD, EC | MicrobioSEC| EPYC ,EC| EI3POD ,EC| MicrobioSPryszlak, Anna; Wenzel, Tobias; Seitz, Kiley West; Hildebrand, Falk; Kartal, Ece; Cosenza, Marco Raffaele; Benes, Vladimir; Bork, Peer; Merten, Christoph A.;pmc: PMC8787643 , PMC9017182
Summary We report a droplet microfluidic method to target and sort individual cells directly from complex microbiome samples and to prepare these cells for bulk whole-genome sequencing without cultivation. We characterize this approach by recovering bacteria spiked into human stool samples at a ratio as low as 1:250 and by successfully enriching endogenous Bacteroides vulgatus to the level required for de novo assembly of high-quality genomes. Although microbiome strains are increasingly demanded for biomedical applications, a vast majority of species and strains are uncultivated and without reference genomes. We address this shortcoming by encapsulating complex microbiome samples directly into microfluidic droplets and amplifying a target-specific genomic fragment using a custom molecular TaqMan probe. We separate those positive droplets by droplet sorting, selectively enriching single target strain cells. Finally, we present a protocol to purify the genomic DNA while specifically removing amplicons and cell debris for high-quality genome sequencing. Motivation The microbiome is an increasingly important research target. In particular, the gut microbiome is linked to >100 disease states and contains several thousand species. In addition to computational innovations for sequencing data, complementary experimental high-throughput methods to perform precision genomics are urgently needed. Microfluidic droplet screens offer increased resolution; ultra-high throughput; reductions in sample and reagent usage, cost, and contamination; and the possibility to add functional enrichment. An increasing diversity of microfluidic tools for bacterial single-cell analysis exists in the context of controlled laboratory cultures. Here we describe a complete microfluidic workflow for targeted genome sequencing directly from frozen complex microbiome samples. Pryszlak et al. present an ultra-high-throughput droplet microfluidic workflow to enrich target bacteria from the complex background of millions of gut microbiota, including steps to clean their genomic DNA for whole-genome sequencing. Their cultivation-free method enables the recovery of high-quality genomes from rare target cells (<1%) in microbiome samples. Highlights • Rare microbial high-quality genomes can be obtained by culture-free enrichment • Microfluidic workflow benchmarked to work directly with complex microbiome samples • Genomic DNA molecules can be cleaned from abundant amplicons for sequencing • Metagenomic target selection demonstrated based on the meta mOTUs tool Graphical abstract
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Europe PubMed CentralArticle . 2022Full-Text: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8787643Data sources: PubMed CentralInfoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsInstitutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Institutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Europe PubMed CentralArticle . 2022Full-Text: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8787643Data sources: PubMed CentralInfoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsInstitutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Institutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Huned Materwala; Leila Ismail; Hossam S. Hassanein;Huned Materwala; Leila Ismail; Hossam S. Hassanein;<p>The Internet of Vehicles over Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is an emerging technology enabling the development of smart city applications focused on improving traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and the overall driving experience. These applications have stringent requirements detailed in Service Level Agreement. Since vehicles have limited computational and storage capabilities, applications requests are offloaded onto an integrated edge-cloud computing system. Existing offloading solutions focus on optimizing the application’s Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of execution time, and respecting a single SLA constraint. They do not consider the impact of overlapped multi-requests processing nor the vehicle’s varying speed. This paper proposes a novel Artificial Intelligence QoS-SLA-aware adaptive genetic algorithm (QoS-SLA-AGA) to optimize the application’s execution time for multi-request offloading in a heterogeneous edge-cloud computing system, which considers the impact of processing multi-requests overlapping and dynamic vehicle speed. The proposed genetic algorithm integrates an adaptive penalty function to assimilate the SLA constraints regarding latency, processing time, deadline, CPU, and memory requirements. Numerical experiments and analysis compare our QoS-SLA-AGA to random offloading, and baseline genetic-based approaches. Results show QoS-SLA-AGA executes the requests 1.22 times faster on average compared to the random offloading approach and with 59.9% fewer SLA violations. In contrast, the baseline genetic-based approach increases the requests’ performance by 1.14 times, with 19.8% more SLA violations.</p>
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4280035&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4280035&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Article 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Shikhar Singla; Mayukh Mukhopadhyay;Shikhar Singla; Mayukh Mukhopadhyay;Abstract Gender equality is a fundamental human right, considered essential for the creation of a just society and a key ingredient of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. A key determinant of gender inequality in terms of the gender wage gap and other dimensions are the attitudes and stereotypes associated with women. Here, we investigate the evolution of gender norms for 160 years in the US. Socioeconomists have posited two fundamental and widely debated theories on the evolution of cultural norms across time. One school argues that cultural norms (including gender norms) should converge across time as economies become more advanced and globalised and technological progress allows for easier information sharing. The other school states that cultural traits are highly persistent, passed down from generation to generation and will remain divergent across regions. To test these theories quantitatively, researchers need data on attitudes measured at appropriate levels of granularity, at a high frequency and over a long time series. However, no such data currently exists. Here we propose an unsupervised machine learning methodology to measure attitudes at the document level. We apply this methodology to 193 million pages of local newspaper text to produce localised attitudes towards women on four different dimensions: career vs family, attitudes towards abortion, attitudes towards feminism/suffrage, and violence against women. We establish five novel facts on the evolution of attitudes across time with these measures. (i) Attitudes are less persistent than the existing literature hypothesises. (ii) The persistence of attitudes varies considerably across different regions and dimensions. (iii) Attitudes exhibit cyclical patterns. (iv) Regional variation in attitudes decreases considerably over time and has fallen between 64% to 79%. (v) A decrease in transport costs that allows for easier information sharing is associated with a homogenisation of the norms. Our paper calls for more research on whether similar patterns exist across countries and the causal factors that make culture converge.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4183488&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4183488&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint 2021Publisher:Research Square Platform LLC Adeloye A. Adeniji; Temidayo S Omolaoye; Stefan S Plessis; Kazeem Okosun; Colette Gunst;Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19 initially spread from Europe to Africa. On the 14th of February 2020, the African continent reported its first COVID-19 case in Egypt. Other African countries such as Algeria, Nigeria, and Senegal subsequently reported their first cases a few weeks later. The spread and the resulting mortality from COVID-19 has been disproportionate over the African continent. Aim In this study, we look into the trend and progression of COVID-19, in terms of morbidity (number of confirmed cases) and mortality, over a specified period within a designated geographic area. Review of this data enabled the identification of unique characteristics of this pandemic in the five designated regions of the African continent. Method We analyzed the mortality that resulted from COVID-19 infection and the trend of spread during the time period (3 January 2020 -31 March 2021). We further use the data to explore and forecast COVID-19 trends in these African countries using time series analysis and centre moving averages (CMA) in Microsoft Excel statistical package. Results In Northern Africa, Egypt had the highest number of cumulative cases and deaths (cases: 201432 and deaths: 11956) by the 31st of March 2021. For the other four regions of the African continent Nigeria (cases: 162762 and deaths: 2056) in West Africa; Ethiopia (cases: 204521 and deaths: 2841) in the Eastern region; Cameroon (cases: 47669) and deaths: 721) in Central Africa. And South Africa (cases: 1546735 and deaths: 52788) in the Southern region reported the highest cumulative cases and deaths at the same point in time. Based on these results, comparative forecasts were made in terms of the expected period and fatality of subsequent waves of COVID 19. Conclusion While there should be caution in interpreting data from the African continent, the reported findings could lend itself to productive scientific inquiry and interpretations. Africa need to consider various implementable approaches to managing this pandemic without creating another epidemic due to neglect of other components of her health priorities. Implications were inferred and recommendations were made in the interest of the continent and global community of Nations.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077483/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077483/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Conference object , Article 2021Publisher:ISCA Authors: Chowdhury, Shammur Absar; Hussein, Amir; Abdelali, Ahmed; Ali, Ahmed;Chowdhury, Shammur Absar; Hussein, Amir; Abdelali, Ahmed; Ali, Ahmed;With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In this study, we design a large multilingual end-to-end ASR using self-attention based conformer architecture. We trained the system using Arabic (Ar), English (En) and French (Fr) languages. We evaluate the system performance handling: (i) monolingual (Ar, En and Fr); (ii) multi-dialectal (Modern Standard Arabic, along with dialectal variation such as Egyptian and Moroccan); (iii) code-switching -- cross-lingual (Ar-En/Fr) and dialectal (MSA-Egyptian dialect) test cases, and compare with current state-of-the-art systems. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of different embedding/character representations including character vs word-piece; shared vs distinct input symbol per language. Our findings demonstrate the strength of such a model by outperforming state-of-the-art monolingual dialectal Arabic and code-switching Arabic ASR. Accepted in INTERSPEECH 2021, Multilingual ASR, Multi-dialectal ASR, Code-Switching ASR, Arabic ASR, Conformer, Transformer, E2E ASR, Speech Recognition, ASR, Arabic, English, French
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21437/interspeech.2021-1809&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21437/interspeech.2021-1809&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2022 SwedenPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Authors: T. Schöfisch; H. Koyi; H. Koyi; B. Almqvist;T. Schöfisch; H. Koyi; H. Koyi; B. Almqvist;Abstract. A magnetic fabric analysis is a useful tool to display deformation in nature and in models. In this study, three sandbox models represent basin inversion above a velocity discontinuity (base plate). After complete deformation of each model, samples were taken in different parts of the models (along faults and areas away from faults) for magnetic fabric analysis. Model I, which simulates basin formation during extension, shows two kinds of magnetic fabric: an “undeformed”/initial fabric in areas away from faults and a normal fault-induced fabric with a magnetic foliation that tends to align with the fault surface. Models II and III were extended to the same stage as Model I but were subsequently shortened/inverted by 1.5 cm (Model II) and 4 cm (Model III). Both inverted models developed “thrusts” during inversion. The thrusts show an alignment of magnetic foliation parallel to the fault surfaces that depends on the maturity of the thrust. Our results highlight that thrusting is more efficient in aligning the magnetic fabric along them compared to normal faults. Moreover, models II and III reveal a magnetic fabric overprint towards a penetrative strain-induced fabric (magnetic lineation perpendicular to shortening direction) with increasing strain in areas away from thrusts. Such overprint shows a gradual transition of a magnetic fabric to a penetrative strain-induced fabric and further into a thrust-induced fabric during shortening/inversion. In contrast, extension (Model I) developed distinct magnetic fabrics without gradual overprint. In addition, pre-existing normal faults are also overprinted to a penetrative strain-induced fabric during model inversion. They define weak zones within the main pop-up imbricate and steepen during model inversion. Steepening influences the magnetic fabric at the faults and, in general, the strain propagation through the model during inversion. The magnetic fabric extracted from the models presented here reflect the different stages of basin development and inversion. This study is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses on models simulating inverted basins. This study illustrates the possibility of applying a robust tool, i.e. magnetic fabric analyses, to sandbox models, whose initial, intermediate, and final stages are well documented, to understand fabric development in inverted tectonic regimes.
Publikationer från U... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/egusphere-2022-1258&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Publikationer från U... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/egusphere-2022-1258&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint 2022 EnglishPublisher:Zenodo Wasim, Syed Talal; Collaud, Romain; Défayes, Lara; Henchoz, Nicolas; Slazmann, Mathieu; Ribes Lemay, Delphine;Using a digital collection composed of more than 52'000 posters from different years, designers, topics, and clients, we study the feasibility of comparing posters based on their typographic features. To this end, we explore the possibilities of training a model to classify serif types without knowing the font and the character. We also investigate how to train a vectorial-based image model able to group together fonts with similar features. Specifically, we compare the use of state-of-the-art image classification methods, such as the EfficientNet-B2 and the Vision Transformer Base model with different patch sizes, and the state-of-the-art fine-grained image classification method, TransFG, on the serif classification task. We also evaluate the use of the DeepSVG model to learn to group fonts with similar features. Our investigation reveals that fine-grained image classification methods are better suited for the serif classification tasks, and that leveraging the character labels helps to learn more meaningful font similarities.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.7268830&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.7268830&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Review , Other literature type , Preprint , Article 2022 Switzerland EnglishPublisher:Zenodo Wasim, Syed Talal; Collaud, Romain; Défayes, Lara; Henchoz, Nicolas; Slazmann, Mathieu; Ribes Lemay, Delphine;Whether a document is of historical or contemporary significance, typography plays a crucial role in its composition. From the earliest forms of writing in Mesopotamia to the early days of modern printing, typographic techniques have evolved and transformed, resulting in changes to the features of typography. By analyzing these features, we can gain insights into specific time periods, geographical locations, and messages conveyed through typography. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to investigate the feasibility of training a model to classify serif types without knowledge of the font and character. We also investigate how to train a vectorial-based image model able to group together fonts with similar features. Specifically, we compare the use of state-of-the-art image classification methods, such as the EfficientNet-B2 and the Vision Transformer Base model with different patch sizes, and the state-of-the-art fine-grained image classification method, TransFG, on the serif classification task. We also evaluate the use of the DeepSVG model to learn to group fonts with similar features. Our investigation reveals that fine-grained image classification methods are better suited for the serif classification tasks and that leveraging the character labels helps to learn more meaningful font similarities. This repository contains: - Paper published in the Journal of data mining and digital humanities: WasimEtAl_Toward_Automatic_Typography_Analysis__Serif_Classification_and_Font_Similarities.pdf - Two datasets: The first for serif classification consisting of 126666 training and 2914 font-independent testing images in raster format. The second dataset for svg based similarity learning consists of 124010 training and 2914 font-independent testing images. The images have been categorized into sans-serif, linear-serif, slab-serif, and triangular serif by a designer at the EPFL+ECAL Lab font_serif_dataset.zip font_svg_dataset.zip - model weights: serif_B_16_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/16 Backend serif_B_32_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/32 Backend ViT-B_16.npz ViT-B_32.npz are publicly available at: https://github.com/TACJu/TransFG and were used for training TransFG ViT B/16 Backend and TransFG ViT B/32 Backend - code: https://github.com/TalalWasim/GEST-Serif
Episciences arrow_drop_down Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.8123414&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!visibility 32visibility views 32 download downloads 47 Powered bymore_vert Episciences arrow_drop_down Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.8123414&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2022Publisher:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Louise van Oudenhove; Aurélie Cazier; Marine Fillaud; Anne-Violette Lavoir; Hicham Fatnassi; Guy Pérez; Vincent Calcagno;AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are increasingly used as biopesticides due to their insecticidal potential. This study addresses their non-target effects on a biological control agent: the egg parasitoidTrichogramma evanescens. In particular, we tested whether EOs affected parasitoid fitness either directly, by decreasing pre-imaginal survival, or indirectly, by disrupting parasitoids’ orientation abilities. The effect of Anise, Fennel, Sweet orange, Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint, Mugwort, Rosemary and Thyme EOs were studied on five strains ofT. evanescens. Specific experimental setups were developed, and data obtained from image analysis were interpreted with phenomenological models fitted with Bayesian inference. Results highlight the fumigant toxicity of EOs on parasitoid development. Anise, Fennel, Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint and Thyme EOs are particularly toxic and drastically reduce the emergence rate ofT. evanescens. Most EOs also affect parasitoid behavior: (i) Basil, Coriander, Oregano, Peppermint, Mugwort and Thyme EOs are highly repellent for naive female parasitoids; (ii) Anise and Fennel EOs can have repellent or attractive effects depending on strains; and (iii) Sweet orange, Oregano and Rosemary EOs have no detectable impact on orientation behavior. This study shows that EOs fumigation have non-target effects on egg parasitoids. This highlights the need to cautiously precise the deployment framework of biopesticides in an agroecological perspective.
Peer Community Journ... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04081597/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1101/2022.01.14.476310&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Peer Community Journ... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04081597/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1101/2022.01.14.476310&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Article 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Hayder Hasan; Katia Hazim Abu Shihab; Zohreh Mohammad; Hafsa Jahan; Ayla Coussa; MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris;Abstract Purpose With smartphone addiction’s (SA) increasing prevalence among young adults, there is a growing concern about its adverse effects on distorted dietary and lifestyle behaviors, including disturbed sleeping and eating patterns. We aim to study the prevalence of SA risk, poor sleeping quality, evening chronotype, and eating disorders (ED) risk among university students in the UAE. We also aim to assess the associations between them, emphasizing the one between ED and SA risks. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated using the convenience sampling technique. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test-26 items, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to measure sleep quality, chronotype, ED risk, and SA risk, respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied, and P< 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results Out of 552 students (mean age: 21.2±5.1 years), 71% had poor sleep quality, 33.9% reported evening chronotype, 37.9% had ED risk, and 56.2% had SA risk. The risk of SA was significantly associated with both poor sleep quality (OR=2.93; 95% CI: 2.01-4.29; p<0.001) and evening chronotype (p=0.005). ED risk was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (p<0.001), but not with chronotype or SA risk. Poor sleep quality predicted best ED risk. Conclusion High prevalence of SA, ED risk, and poor sleep quality was reported among university students in the UAE. Associations between poor sleep quality, evening chronotype, SA risk, and ED risk were further confirmed, along with sleep quality predicting risks of ED.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4196871&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4196871&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2022 SwitzerlandPublisher:Elsevier BV Funded by:EC | EPYC, EC | EI3POD, EC | MicrobioSEC| EPYC ,EC| EI3POD ,EC| MicrobioSPryszlak, Anna; Wenzel, Tobias; Seitz, Kiley West; Hildebrand, Falk; Kartal, Ece; Cosenza, Marco Raffaele; Benes, Vladimir; Bork, Peer; Merten, Christoph A.;pmc: PMC8787643 , PMC9017182
Summary We report a droplet microfluidic method to target and sort individual cells directly from complex microbiome samples and to prepare these cells for bulk whole-genome sequencing without cultivation. We characterize this approach by recovering bacteria spiked into human stool samples at a ratio as low as 1:250 and by successfully enriching endogenous Bacteroides vulgatus to the level required for de novo assembly of high-quality genomes. Although microbiome strains are increasingly demanded for biomedical applications, a vast majority of species and strains are uncultivated and without reference genomes. We address this shortcoming by encapsulating complex microbiome samples directly into microfluidic droplets and amplifying a target-specific genomic fragment using a custom molecular TaqMan probe. We separate those positive droplets by droplet sorting, selectively enriching single target strain cells. Finally, we present a protocol to purify the genomic DNA while specifically removing amplicons and cell debris for high-quality genome sequencing. Motivation The microbiome is an increasingly important research target. In particular, the gut microbiome is linked to >100 disease states and contains several thousand species. In addition to computational innovations for sequencing data, complementary experimental high-throughput methods to perform precision genomics are urgently needed. Microfluidic droplet screens offer increased resolution; ultra-high throughput; reductions in sample and reagent usage, cost, and contamination; and the possibility to add functional enrichment. An increasing diversity of microfluidic tools for bacterial single-cell analysis exists in the context of controlled laboratory cultures. Here we describe a complete microfluidic workflow for targeted genome sequencing directly from frozen complex microbiome samples. Pryszlak et al. present an ultra-high-throughput droplet microfluidic workflow to enrich target bacteria from the complex background of millions of gut microbiota, including steps to clean their genomic DNA for whole-genome sequencing. Their cultivation-free method enables the recovery of high-quality genomes from rare target cells (<1%) in microbiome samples. Highlights • Rare microbial high-quality genomes can be obtained by culture-free enrichment • Microfluidic workflow benchmarked to work directly with complex microbiome samples • Genomic DNA molecules can be cleaned from abundant amplicons for sequencing • Metagenomic target selection demonstrated based on the meta mOTUs tool Graphical abstract
Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Europe PubMed CentralArticle . 2022Full-Text: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8787643Data sources: PubMed CentralInfoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsInstitutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Institutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert Europe PubMed Centra... arrow_drop_down Europe PubMed CentralArticle . 2022Full-Text: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8787643Data sources: PubMed CentralInfoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsOther literature typeData sources: Infoscience - EPFL scientific publicationsInstitutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Institutional Repository for Molecular Medicine (MDC)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100137&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Huned Materwala; Leila Ismail; Hossam S. Hassanein;Huned Materwala; Leila Ismail; Hossam S. Hassanein;<p>The Internet of Vehicles over Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is an emerging technology enabling the development of smart city applications focused on improving traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and the overall driving experience. These applications have stringent requirements detailed in Service Level Agreement. Since vehicles have limited computational and storage capabilities, applications requests are offloaded onto an integrated edge-cloud computing system. Existing offloading solutions focus on optimizing the application’s Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of execution time, and respecting a single SLA constraint. They do not consider the impact of overlapped multi-requests processing nor the vehicle’s varying speed. This paper proposes a novel Artificial Intelligence QoS-SLA-aware adaptive genetic algorithm (QoS-SLA-AGA) to optimize the application’s execution time for multi-request offloading in a heterogeneous edge-cloud computing system, which considers the impact of processing multi-requests overlapping and dynamic vehicle speed. The proposed genetic algorithm integrates an adaptive penalty function to assimilate the SLA constraints regarding latency, processing time, deadline, CPU, and memory requirements. Numerical experiments and analysis compare our QoS-SLA-AGA to random offloading, and baseline genetic-based approaches. Results show QoS-SLA-AGA executes the requests 1.22 times faster on average compared to the random offloading approach and with 59.9% fewer SLA violations. In contrast, the baseline genetic-based approach increases the requests’ performance by 1.14 times, with 19.8% more SLA violations.</p>
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4280035&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4280035&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Article 2022Publisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Shikhar Singla; Mayukh Mukhopadhyay;Shikhar Singla; Mayukh Mukhopadhyay;Abstract Gender equality is a fundamental human right, considered essential for the creation of a just society and a key ingredient of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. A key determinant of gender inequality in terms of the gender wage gap and other dimensions are the attitudes and stereotypes associated with women. Here, we investigate the evolution of gender norms for 160 years in the US. Socioeconomists have posited two fundamental and widely debated theories on the evolution of cultural norms across time. One school argues that cultural norms (including gender norms) should converge across time as economies become more advanced and globalised and technological progress allows for easier information sharing. The other school states that cultural traits are highly persistent, passed down from generation to generation and will remain divergent across regions. To test these theories quantitatively, researchers need data on attitudes measured at appropriate levels of granularity, at a high frequency and over a long time series. However, no such data currently exists. Here we propose an unsupervised machine learning methodology to measure attitudes at the document level. We apply this methodology to 193 million pages of local newspaper text to produce localised attitudes towards women on four different dimensions: career vs family, attitudes towards abortion, attitudes towards feminism/suffrage, and violence against women. We establish five novel facts on the evolution of attitudes across time with these measures. (i) Attitudes are less persistent than the existing literature hypothesises. (ii) The persistence of attitudes varies considerably across different regions and dimensions. (iii) Attitudes exhibit cyclical patterns. (iv) Regional variation in attitudes decreases considerably over time and has fallen between 64% to 79%. (v) A decrease in transport costs that allows for easier information sharing is associated with a homogenisation of the norms. Our paper calls for more research on whether similar patterns exist across countries and the causal factors that make culture converge.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4183488&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.4183488&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint 2021Publisher:Research Square Platform LLC Adeloye A. Adeniji; Temidayo S Omolaoye; Stefan S Plessis; Kazeem Okosun; Colette Gunst;Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19 initially spread from Europe to Africa. On the 14th of February 2020, the African continent reported its first COVID-19 case in Egypt. Other African countries such as Algeria, Nigeria, and Senegal subsequently reported their first cases a few weeks later. The spread and the resulting mortality from COVID-19 has been disproportionate over the African continent. Aim In this study, we look into the trend and progression of COVID-19, in terms of morbidity (number of confirmed cases) and mortality, over a specified period within a designated geographic area. Review of this data enabled the identification of unique characteristics of this pandemic in the five designated regions of the African continent. Method We analyzed the mortality that resulted from COVID-19 infection and the trend of spread during the time period (3 January 2020 -31 March 2021). We further use the data to explore and forecast COVID-19 trends in these African countries using time series analysis and centre moving averages (CMA) in Microsoft Excel statistical package. Results In Northern Africa, Egypt had the highest number of cumulative cases and deaths (cases: 201432 and deaths: 11956) by the 31st of March 2021. For the other four regions of the African continent Nigeria (cases: 162762 and deaths: 2056) in West Africa; Ethiopia (cases: 204521 and deaths: 2841) in the Eastern region; Cameroon (cases: 47669) and deaths: 721) in Central Africa. And South Africa (cases: 1546735 and deaths: 52788) in the Southern region reported the highest cumulative cases and deaths at the same point in time. Based on these results, comparative forecasts were made in terms of the expected period and fatality of subsequent waves of COVID 19. Conclusion While there should be caution in interpreting data from the African continent, the reported findings could lend itself to productive scientific inquiry and interpretations. Africa need to consider various implementable approaches to managing this pandemic without creating another epidemic due to neglect of other components of her health priorities. Implications were inferred and recommendations were made in the interest of the continent and global community of Nations.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077483/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077483/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Preprint , Conference object , Article 2021Publisher:ISCA Authors: Chowdhury, Shammur Absar; Hussein, Amir; Abdelali, Ahmed; Ali, Ahmed;Chowdhury, Shammur Absar; Hussein, Amir; Abdelali, Ahmed; Ali, Ahmed;With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In this study, we design a large multilingual end-to-end ASR using self-attention based conformer architecture. We trained the system using Arabic (Ar), English (En) and French (Fr) languages. We evaluate the system performance handling: (i) monolingual (Ar, En and Fr); (ii) multi-dialectal (Modern Standard Arabic, along with dialectal variation such as Egyptian and Moroccan); (iii) code-switching -- cross-lingual (Ar-En/Fr) and dialectal (MSA-Egyptian dialect) test cases, and compare with current state-of-the-art systems. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of different embedding/character representations including character vs word-piece; shared vs distinct input symbol per language. Our findings demonstrate the strength of such a model by outperforming state-of-the-art monolingual dialectal Arabic and code-switching Arabic ASR. Accepted in INTERSPEECH 2021, Multilingual ASR, Multi-dialectal ASR, Code-Switching ASR, Arabic ASR, Conformer, Transformer, E2E ASR, Speech Recognition, ASR, Arabic, English, French
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21437/interspeech.2021-1809&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.21437/interspeech.2021-1809&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu