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International audience; Published in OA on RESSI (http://www.ressi.ch/) at the end of Octobre 2021. We present here highlights from an enquiry on the innovations in scholarly writing in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the H2020 project OPERAS-P. This article explores the theme of Open Research Data and its role in the emergence of new models of scholarly writing. We examine more closely the obstacles and fostering conditions to the publication of research data, both from a social and a technical perspective.

Il patrimonio culturale rappresenta un settore strategico per lo sviluppo della società, dell'economia e del lavoro. Una dimensione essenziale della gestione e della fruizione del patrimonio culturale è il processo della sua digitalizzazione. Accanto al patrimonio culturale esiste ormai un patrimonio culturale digitale che ne garantisce la conservazione, la diffusione e la valorizzazione. Le nuove tecno-logie hanno trasformato l'organizzazione di musei, gallerie, siti d'arte e siti archeologici. Queste stesse tecnologie hanno consentito la diffusione e l'operabilità a livello internazionale di infrastrutture digitali di informazione e ricerca. La digitalizzazione ha consentito ai luoghi della cultura di sperimentare nuovi legami, con i territori e con i cittadini, già dall'inizio degli anni 2000 e soprattutto a seguito del lockdown imposto dalla pandemia da Covid 19. Le tante attività di digitalizzazione volte a valorizzare i beni culturali richiedono sia co-noscenze umanistiche che scientifiche. Da un lato, esse implicano la creazione di realtà virtuali e modellizzazioni per una diversa e più profonda conoscenza, dall'altro lato, richiedono l'uso dell'intelligenza artificiale e dei big data per ricostruire il passato delle culture o per conoscere i flussi turistici nei siti d'arte. Anche le professioni, le competenze ed i percorsi formativi legati alla digitalizzazione dei beni culturali nascono dalle interazioni tra sistemi fisici e sistemi virtuali, da conoscenze ed esperienze di diversa natura.

Research and development are facilitated by sharing knowledge bases, and the innovation process benefits from collaborative efforts that involve the collective utilization of data. Until now, most companies and organizations have produced and collected various types of data, and stored them in data silos that still have to be integrated with one another in order to enable knowledge creation. For this to happen, both public and private actors must adopt a flexible approach to achieve the necessary transition to break data silos and create collaborative data sharing between data producers and users. In this paper, we investigate several factors influencing cooperative data usage and explore the challenges posed by the participation in cross-organizational data ecosystems by performing an interview study among stakeholders from private and public organizations in the context of the project IDE@S, which aims at fostering the cooperation in data science in the Austrian federal state of Styria. We highlight technological and organizational requirements of data infrastructure, expertise, and practises towards collaborative data usage.

The ROSSIO Infrastructure is developing a free and open-access platform for aggregating, organising, and connecting the digital resources in the Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities provided by Portuguese higher education and cultural institutions. This paper presents an overview of the ROSSIO Infrastructure, its main objectives, the institutions involved, and the services offered by the infrastructure’s aims through its platform—namely, a discovery portal, digital exhibitions, collections, and a virtual research environment. These services rely on a metadata-aggregation solution for bringing the digital objects’ metadata from the providing institutions into ROSSIO. The aggregated datasets are converted into linked data and undergo an enrichment process based on controlled vocabularies, which are developed and published by ROSSIO. The paper will describe this process, the applications involved, and how they interoperate. We will further reflect on how these services may enhance the dissemination of science, considering the FAIR principles.

AbstractThis article considers that reasoning over archives is a joint enterprise between archivists and researchers and that both groups are increasingly using machine agents to assist them in it. It starts by considering the processing of archivists, researchers and machine agents separately. Using the different perspectives this brings to highlight different aspects of that processing, as a process of sense-making, as scholarly research activity, as practices that realise and achieve data for the drawing of further inference, it reasserts the argument that archives cannot be regarded as raw data to be reasoned over, but must be seen as the result of multiple representative and interpretive acts, of iterative realisation and activation as ‘data’ potentially involving many, many additional actors. It then goes on to consider how the involvement of machine agents fits into and potentially alters this picture by providing more detail about the basis on which they currently perform such acts.

In this paper, we present the diachronic maps of a selection of 75 Latin modal markers designed through the tool 'Pygmalion'. Both the maps and 'Pygmalion' were conceived in the framework of the 'WoPoss' project, which aims at analysing the diachronic pathways of modality in Latin. While the description of the tool and its functionalities is beyond the scope of this paper, we focus here on the description of our diachronic modal maps. Using visualisations to represent semantic shifts is a well-known practice in some linguistic fields such as typology and lexicography, and they have already been applied to modality. Though the situation is rapidly evolving, typological semantic maps as well as lexicographic maps are still for the most part static and usually not-interactive visualisations. Our modal maps stand out not only for their interactivity, but also for the richness of the information conveyed: chronology, etymology, semantics, syntax, first attestation and diachronic relationships between the meanings. After presenting our conceptual framework for modality, we illustrate the process of conceptualisation and development of our diachronic maps of modality. More specifically, we explain how we gathered and organised the data in order to transpose it into a visual representation. We then showcase the map of 'possum' as an example of our results. Subsequently, we discuss the results with respect to previous literature concerning both visualisation of modal evolution from a general point of view and the investigation of modality in Latin. Finally, we outline possible applications within and beyond the 'WoPoss' project.

AbstractPrinting technology has evolved through the past centuries due to technological progress. Within Digital Humanities, images are playing a more prominent role in research. For mass analysis of digitized historical images, bias can be introduced in various ways. One of them is the printing technology originally used. The classification of images to their printing technology e.g. woodcut, copper engraving, or lithography requires highly skilled experts. We have developed a deep learning classification system that achieves very good results. This paper explains the challenges of digitized collections for this task. To overcome them and to achieve good performance, shallow networks and appropriate sampling strategies needed to be combined. We also show how class activation maps (CAM) can be used to analyze the results.

Viola Parente-Čapková: Digitaaliset ihmistieteet kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa