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D 2.1: Initial plan for communication and dissemination of project results and RI access, including audience/instrument mapping and communications KPIs (M6, to be updated continuously from then on until M 48).

CLARIAH-DE combines services and offerings of CLARIN-D and DARIAH-DE. This includes various search applications which are made directly available to researchers. These search applications are presented in this working paper based on their main characteristics and compared with a focus on possible harmonizations. Opportunities and risks of different forms of technical integration are highlighted. Identified challenges can be explained in particular considering the background of different organizational and technical frameworks as well as highly specific and discipline-dependent requirements. The integration work that has already been carried out and the experiences gained with regard to future work and possible integration of further applications are also discussed. The experiences made in CLARIAH-DE can especially be of interest for other projects in the field of digital research infrastructures. Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Funding Reference Number 01UG1910 A to I. {"references": ["10.5281/zenodo.4628889", "10.5281/zenodo.4266478"]}

Arguably the penetration of Building Information Modeling software in the building industry is enabled by well-structured ontologies such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) or green building XML. Acknowledging this, the UDIGISH WG aims to explore and assess possible specifications and data schemas which would facilitate interdisciplinary research for the study and reuse of built heritage in our cities, analysing and representing scales larger than the one of the building it self, like those of the building block, the street, or even of the neighbourhood. We argue, this multiscale data-driven study will facilitate a more holistic, integrated application of digital methods, such as BIM, modelling & simulation to cities, and will better contextualise cross-disciplinary enquiries. This we envision to bring us a step closer to big data for historic cities. Towards this goal, this presentation attempts to introduce some of the complexities of moving from the scale of the building data and its attributes, including heritage linked data, to the scale of the historic neighbourhood or cluster of buildings.

Over the last few years, a research object has been attracting the attention of quite a number of members of the scientific community of digital humanities and sociology: the study of algorithms, and more precisely of their impact on society. Examples include the study of the impact of work distribution algorithms (Uber), recidivism prediction algorithms (COMPAS) or recommendation algorithms (Youtube or Spotify). Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for these studies. At the same time, we can find an increasing integration of the digital humanities in these studies, both to analyse the data used by the algorithms and their results. However, an insufficient number of studies in this field have focused on the fabrication of these algorithms, either on the way engineers and more widely organizations design these programs that have the impacts that we now know a little better (their non-neutrality or discrimination to name only two). On one hand, sociologists have gone to meet engineers to study their way of working: this is “humanities of the digital”. On the other hand, computer scientists have conducted experiments to open the "black box" of algorithms, notably through reverse engineering techniques: this is “numerical humanities”. In order to overcome this dichotomy at the heart of the digital humanities, it appears important to intertwine these two mentioned aspects. This shall illustrate that fears about qualitative studies being supplanted by quantitative studies are not well-founded.

The paper discusses approaches, outcomes and experiences of an ongoing project of collaborative Croatian terminology contribution to the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) through the cooperation of university teachers, master level students and museum professionals. The project is conducted on the University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FHSS). A model proposed in the project can accelerate the otherwise time-consuming process of developing multilingual thesauri through greater student engagement while achieving multiple educational goals on real-world tasks. The methods of quality control and student engagement from crowdsourcing projects methodologies are applied, but they were revised and improved with respect to the specific needs and requirements of the educational context. The process is segmented into the following stages: 1. Generating a corpus of the relevant terms. Two thousand most frequent terms from four top facest (materials, techniques, objects and periods) were selected from the databases of partner heritage institutions. 2. Translation and linking. Translation of terms into English and linking them to relevant AAT concepts (accompanied with references to relevant reference literature and lexicographical sources) is performed by students. Mapping of Croatian and English terms for specific concepts is further implemented through semantic technologies. 3. Quality control. Methods include peer-checking among students and teacher supervision. Concepts that are particularly demanding (e.g. complex art techniques) are examined by a separate group of students, where examination also includes detailed literature research and comparison. The final stage of quality control is provided by scholars and museum professionals from the corresponding field. 4. Including the terms into AAT. After the quality check, the terms would be included in the AAT and made openly available as Linked Open Data (LOD), provided by the Getty Research Institute. Further open formats for thesauri exchange (Zthes, RDF, JSON) would be provided. This will allow the reuse of project results by other national and international vocabulary projects and create a basis for enriching metadata and enabling multilingualism. That would increase the visibility, accessibility and interoperability of diverse national heritage in an international context, thereby supporting multicultural communication at human and machine level. During the mapping and validation of different concepts from monolingual and multilingual thesauri, via different methods and tools (SPARQL queries, LOD matching, using APIs), participants are becoming aware of linguistic and cultural differences in meaning and vocabulary construction (classifications, selection of preferred terms, fluid spatio-temporal boundaries etc.). In this paper, we would like to discuss how participants (students, heritage professionals, scholars) perceive different aspects of vocabulary development and control and how they practice scholarly primitives (especially annotating, comparing, referring and representing) in the context of the ongoing developments in the methods and technologies related to controlled vocabularies and ontologies in the field of Digital Humanities.

Abstract Surveying the information needs of users is already a key issue in the preparatory phase of the research infrastructures. In this phase the integration of research platforms is being prepared. A research of information requirements of digital scholars is not limited only by the difficulty of reaching users, but also because of the lack of transparent platform architecture, log data cannot be used effectively. Users of platforms are often happy to get access to data and resources relevant to their research. They consider most of their work to be abstract, intellectual, or simply of such nature that computer and information technology cannot help them. Thus, many needs are not transformed into requirements, nor are they perceived as needs. In order to identify the unconscious demands of users and to find the potential for improving the research platform, we decided to make a sense-making analysis of five researchers who use the Digital library of Arne Novák in their research. Digital library of Arne Novák is a research platform providing access to the work of a prominent figure in Czech literary science, that we want to make available to the DARIAH-CZ research infrastructure. A micro time-line interview was conducted with all researchers to understand how researchers use research platform, how they interact and practice research with digital data and how we can shape a vision of augmentation of human intellectual possibilities when working with this platform. The research verified that in this way we can identify unnamed and unspecified information requirements of research data users.

The concept of “scholarly primitive” has been widely welcomed both by humanists and system designers in the humanities, due to the fact that it made it possible to have a solid conceptual basis for the operationalization of the essential functionalities required for advancing computer-mediated work in the humanities. It has also helped to prioritize, and to provide general frameworks for the analysis of system requirements, which otherwise would have remained vague, or too specifically tied to the particular projects. However, in the design of actual systems or digital infrastructures, most initiatives that have tried to apply the concept of “scholarly primitive” have acknowledged the importance of looking at the relationship between them (e.g., Palmer et al., 2009), but haven't framed these primitives or activities within the larger workflows in which researchers transition from one activity to the other, or perform multiple connected activities in tandem. One of the most fully-fledged conceptual models for scholarly research activity based on scholarly primitives was developed by DARIAH (note 1). Grounded in conceptual and empirical research, this conceptual model aims to fit the needs of the actual research life-cycle (Benardou, 2013), with the resulting NeDiMAH (note 2) Methods Ontology (NeMO) centered around a list of research activities, which are hierarchically connected by means of a taxonomical structure. We have developed a process perspective that can help to understand how these activities are interconnected. For example, the activity “gathering” is defined by the NeMO ontology as “aggregating discovered resources [...] for further analysis.” (note 3). While this normalization of the activity name and definition is useful for several purposes in system design, the NeMO ontology makes no connection to the activities that occur during “discovering” or “analysis”, which makes it difficult to understand how “gathering” occurs in practice, and how it works in real contexts where other activities precede, succeed, or occur simultaneously to the “gathering” activity. The lack of understanding of the scholarly primitives (or of the research activities) in a workflow perspective has negative implications in designing systems that support the research life-cycle. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces the concept of “workflow transitions” and presents investigations of scholarly work using this concept. The method we propose consists of selecting a sample of representative “research projects” (Koolen et al., 2020) and use them as the unit of analysis for the study of workflows and workflow transitions. We developed our approach through analysing the research process of two digital humanities projects in great detail, by interviewing the project collaborators (using Critical Incident Technique), studying their papers and looking at datasets, tools and scripts. In this paper we will present the resulting workflow visualizations, the findings of our analysis and their implications for digital infrastructure support for humanities research.

OPERAS is a Research Infrastructure supporting open scholarly communication in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in the European Research Area. Its mission is to coordinate and to federate resources in Europe to efficiently address the scholarly communication needs of European researchers in the field of SSH. OPERAS aim is to make Open Science a reality for research in the SSH. We want to achieve a scholarly communication system where knowledge produced in the SSH benefits researchers, academics, and students fully and widely, and where it also benefits the whole society across Europe and worldwide. In doing so, OPERAS, also thanks to its services, aims at allowing use of the scholarly primitives, including discoverability, annotating or even comparing. Of course, the focus of OPERAS being on scholarly communication, not all scholarly primitives are planned to be covered here. The discovery service, being developed within the TRIPLE project and funded by the European Commission, will therefore serve as the discovery platform of OPERAS and will be available to researchers in order to discover 3 main types of resources: data(sets), researchers' profiles, and projects – data here is mostly meant as publication data. By aligning the metadata retrieved from various sources (either harvested or retrieved via APIs) and enriching it (also with the help of machine learning), comparison will also be possible on the metadata level of the resources. Also used not only by the researchers, but also useful for publishers and funders, the Metrics Service developed in the HIRMEOS project and now in beta, currently linked to 5 different partner platforms allows usage metrics to be retrieved by a central service and available to all via its API. These Metrics are usage data coming from various sources such as views or downloads on multiple platforms (i.e. Google Books, World Reader, etc...) as well as Altmetrics coming from mentions on other platforms such as Twitter, or the annotation platform hypothes.is. A Publishing Service Portal is currently being implemented as part of the OPERAS-P project, also funded by the European Commission. This portal, which is partly based on an already developed prototype made by DARIAH within its Humanities at Scale project, will provide to SSH researchers a simple and single entry-point in order to reach the different publishing services provided by OPERAS and its members. OPERAS Certification service, provided by the DOAB (Directory of Open Access Books) platform and developed within the HIRMEOS project, and already operational in beta, is intended to certify publishers at publishers' and at single publications' levels. The peer-review information is then available via a public API as well. There are other services also available or being developed, but the focus will be done on those 4 developed or soon to be developed services. We will also present how the services will be brought and available to a larger community by reaching out when they are successfully available via the EOSC Marketplace.