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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jorge Sebastián Lozano; Ester Alba Pagán; Eliseo Martínez Roig; Mar Gaitán Salvatella; +6 Authors

    Research leading to these results has taken place within the research project “SILKNOW. Silk heritage in the Knowledge Society: from punched cards to big data, deep learning and vi- sual/tangible simulations”, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 769504; as well as within “ClioViz. Visualización avanzada de datos históricos a través de mapas multidimensionales y gráficos interactivos” (ref. no. PID2021- 126777NB-I00), a research project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER-UE. This article builds on work conducted and lessons learned within SILKNOW, a research project that aimed at enhancing the preservation and digital dissemination of silk heritage. Taking the project and this heritage typology as a case study in the digital transformation of cultural heritage institutions, it illustrates specific challenges that these institutions must face and demonstrates a few innovative answers to meet those challenges. The methodology combines approaches typical of the humanities and others usual in ICT, being inductive regarding materials and methods (consisting of a detailed review of existing online repositories and research projects devoted to textile heritage) and descriptive for the results and discussion (which explain at length the development of some tools and resources that responded to the needs detected in the previous analysis). The article reports on the state of the art and recent developments in the field of textile heritage, the tools implemented to allow the semantic access and text analysis of descriptive records associated with silk fabrics, and the spatiotemporal visualization of that information. Finally, it argues that institutional policies, namely the creation and free dissemination of open data related to cultural heritage are just as important as technical developments, showing why any future effort in these areas should take data sustainability, both in its technical and in institutional aspects, into account, since it is the most responsible and reasonable approach in terms of efficient resource allocation. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Sustainability
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    Authors: Benjamin Štular; Edisa Lozić; Mateja Belak; Jernej Rihter; +6 Authors

    International audience; The rapid expansion of the Slavic speakers in the second half of the first millennium CE remains a controversial topic in archaeology, and academic passions on the issue have long run high. Currently, there are three main hypotheses for this expansion. The aim of this paper was to test the so-called "hybrid hypothesis," which states that the movement of people, cultural diffusion and language diffusion all occurred simultaneously. For this purpose, we examined an archaeological Deep Data set with a machine learning method termed time series clustering and with emerging hot spot analysis. The latter required two archaeologyspecific modifications: The archaeological trend map and the multiscale emerging hot spot analysis. As a result, we were able to detect two migrations in the Eastern Alps between c. 500 and c. 700 CE. Based on the convergence of evidence from archaeology, linguistics, and population genetics, we have identified the migrants as Alpine Slavs, i.e., people who spoke Slavic and shared specific common ancestry.; L'expansion rapide des locuteurs slaves dans la seconde moitié du premier millénaire de notre ère reste un sujet controversé en archéologie, et les passions académiques sur la question ont longtemps été vives. Actuellement, il existe trois hypothèses principales pour expliquer cette expansion. L'objectif de cet article était de tester l'hypothèse dite "hybride", selon laquelle les mouvements de population, la diffusion culturelle et la diffusion de la langue se sont produits simultanément. À cette fin, nous avons examiné un ensemble de Deep Data archéologiques à l'aide d'une méthode d'apprentissage automatique appelée regroupement de séries chronologiques et d'une analyse des points chauds émergents. Cette dernière a nécessité deux modifications spécifiques à l'archéologie : La carte des tendances archéologiques et l'analyse multi-échelle des points chauds émergents. Nous avons ainsi pu détecter deux migrations dans les Alpes orientales entre environ 500 et environ 700 de notre ère. Sur la base de la convergence des preuves issues de l'archéologie, de la linguistique et de la génétique des populations, nous avons identifié les migrants comme des Slaves alpins, c'est-à-dire des personnes parlant le slave et partageant une ascendance commune spécifique.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Nadezda Gavrilovic-Vitas; Dan Dana;

    In the border zone between the Roman provinces of Upper Moesia and Thrace a sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera, defined by the toponymic epithet Souidept?noi, was discovered on the Belava mountain, near Turres (today's Pirot). The sanctuary presumably encompassed a temenos, an altar and two smaller temples, oriented east-west, with the entrance on the eastern side. Unfortunately, illegal excavations were conducted on the area of the sanctuary by thieves, who stole the small reliefs offered to the deities venerated in the sanctuary, of which the authors of this paper could obtain the data of 31 fragmented votive plates, most of them inscribed. A variety of iconographic schemas, especially the standing divine couple or Zeus and Hera in quadriga, as well as the combination of three onomastics stocks (Thracian, Greek and Latin) illustrate the diversity of traditions and the cultural interferences at work during imperial times. It can be presumed that the sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera Souidept?noi existed from the 2nd to the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 4th century. International audience

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    Starinar
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Benjamin Štular;

    International audience; This article presents the archiving of archaeological digital datasets in Slovenia in its historic context. The datasets discussed have been separated into three categories: non-reproducible datasets, reproducible datasets, and registries. Several reproducible datasets created by ZRC SAZU have been freely available online since the early 2000s, but the number of users is small and those benefiting often do not adhere to clearly stated copyright limitations. There is a large discrepancy between the stated interest and the actual usage of reproducible, let alone non-reproducible, online datasets disseminated as open access. In addition, adherence to fair use cannot be expected unless enforced. The key outcome of this study is that it has exposed a total absence of systemic archiving practice for non-reproducible digital datasets. The article concludes with recommendations and next steps that could be taken to address these issues in future. First and foremost, a systemic approach to digital archiving is urgently needed if the irreversible damage to the decades worth of born-digital non-reproducible digital data is to be averted.; Cet article présente l'archivage des jeux de données archéologiques numériques en Slovénie dans son contexte historique. Les ensembles de données discutés ont été séparés en trois catégories : les ensembles de données non reproductibles, les ensembles de données reproductibles et les registres. Plusieurs ensembles de données reproductibles créés par ZRC SAZU sont disponibles gratuitement en ligne depuis le début des années 2000, mais le nombre d'utilisateurs est faible et ceux qui en bénéficient ne respectent souvent pas les limitations de droits d'auteur clairement énoncées. Il existe un écart important entre l'intérêt déclaré et l'utilisation réelle d'ensembles de données en ligne reproductibles, et encore moins non reproductibles, diffusés en libre accès. En outre, le respect de l'usage loyal ne peut être attendu à moins d'être appliqué. Le principal résultat de cette étude est qu'elle a révélé une absence totale de pratique d'archivage systémique pour les ensembles de données numériques non reproductibles. L'article se termine par des recommandations et les prochaines mesures qui pourraient être prises pour résoudre ces problèmes à l'avenir. Tout d'abord, une approche systémique de l'archivage numérique est nécessaire de toute urgence si l'on veut éviter les dommages irréversibles aux décennies de données numériques non reproductibles nées du numérique.

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    Internet Archaeology
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Internet Archaeology
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    Internet Archaeology
    Article . 2021
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      Internet Archaeology
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      Internet Archaeology
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      Internet Archaeology
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Edisa Lozić; Benjamin Štular;

    International audience; Airborne LiDAR is a widely accepted tool for archaeological prospection. Over the last decade an archaeology-specific data processing workflow has been evolving, ranging from raw data acquisition and processing, point cloud processing and product derivation to archaeological interpretation, dissemination and archiving. Currently, though, there is no agreement on the specific steps or terminology. This workflow is an interpretative knowledge production process that must be documented as such to ensure the intellectual transparency and accountability required for evidence-based archaeological interpretation. However, this is rarely the case, and there are no accepted schemas, let alone standards, to do so. As a result, there is a risk that the data processing steps of the workflow will be accepted as a black box process and its results as ``hard data''. The first step in documenting a scientific process is to define it. Therefore, this paper provides a critical review of existing archaeology-specific workflows for airborne LiDAR-derived topographic data processing, resulting in an 18-step workflow with consistent terminology. Its novelty and significance lies in the fact that the existing comprehensive studies are outdated and the newer ones focus on selected aspects of the workflow. Based on the updated workflow, a good practice example for its documentation is presented.

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    Geosciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Lozić, Edisa; Eichert, Stefan;

    International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well known. It is therefore surprising that little attention has been paid to the key element of processing: an archaeology-specific DEM. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to describe an archaeology-specific DEM in detail, provide a tool for its automatic precision assessment, and determine the appropriate grid resolution. We define an archaeology-specific DEM as a subtype of DEM, which is interpolated from ground points, buildings, and four morphological types of archaeological features. We introduce a confidence map (QGIS plug-in) that assigns a confidence level to each grid cell. This is primarily used to attach a confidence level to each archaeological feature, which is useful for detecting data bias in archaeological interpretation. Confidence mapping is also an effective tool for identifying the optimal grid resolution for specific datasets. Beyond archaeological applications, the confidence map provides clear criteria for segmentation, which is one of the unsolved problems of DEM interpolation. All of these are important steps towards the general methodological maturity of airborne LiDAR in archaeology, which is our ultimate goal.; L'utilisation de données LiDAR aéroportées topographiques est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique, et la nécessité d'un flux de travail de traitement des données spécifique à l'archéologie est bien connue. Il est donc surprenant que peu d'attention ait été accordée à l'élément clé du traitement: un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie. En conséquence, le but de cet article est de décrire en détail un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie, de fournir un outil pour son évaluation automatique de la précision et de déterminer la résolution de grille appropriée. Nous définissons un DEM spécifique à l'archéologie comme un sous-type de DEM, qui est interpolé à partir de points au sol, de bâtiments et de quatre types morphologiques de caractéristiques archéologiques. Nous introduisons une carte de confiance (plug-in QGIS) qui attribue un niveau de confiance à chaque cellule de la grille. Ceci est principalement utilisé pour attacher un niveau de confiance à chaque caractéristique archéologique, ce qui est utile pour détecter les biais de données dans l'interprétation archéologique. La cartographie de confiance est également un outil efficace pour identifier la résolution de grille optimale pour des ensembles de données spécifiques. Au-delà des applications archéologiques, la carte de confiance fournit des critères clairs pour la segmentation, qui est l'un des problèmes non résolus de l'interpolation DEM. Tous ces éléments sont des étapes importantes vers la maturité méthodologique générale du LiDAR aéroporté en archéologie, qui est notre objectif ultime.

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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2021
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Eichert, Stefan; Lozić, Edisa;

    International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection. However, as a step towards theoretically aware, impactful, and reproducible research, a more rigorous and transparent method of data processing is required. To this end, we set out to create a processing pipeline for archaeology-specific point cloud processing and derivation of products that are optimized for general-purpose data. The proposed pipeline improves on ground and building point cloud classification. The main area of innovation in the proposed pipeline is raster grid interpolation. We have improved the state-of-the-art by introducing a hybrid interpolation technique that combines inverse distance weighting with a triangulated irregular network with linear interpolation. State-of-the-art solutions for enhanced visualizations are included and essential metadata and paradata are also generated. In addition, we have introduced a QGIS plug-in that implements the pipeline as a one-step process. It reduces the manual workload by 75 to 90 percent and requires no special skills other than a general familiarity with the QGIS environment. It is intended that the pipeline and tool will contribute to the white-boxing of archaeology-specific airborne LiDAR data processing. In discussion, the role of data processing in the knowledge production process is explored.; L'utilisation de données topographiques LiDAR aéroportées est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique. Cependant, comme étape vers une recherche théoriquement consciente, percutante et reproductible, une méthode de traitement des données plus rigoureuse et transparente est nécessaire. À cette fin, nous avons entrepris de créer un pipeline de traitement pour le traitement de nuages ​​de points spécifiques à l'archéologie et la dérivation de produits optimisés pour les données à usage général. Le pipeline proposé améliore la classification des nuages ​​de points au sol et des bâtiments. Le principal domaine d'innovation du pipeline proposé est l'interpolation de grille de trame. Nous avons amélioré l'état de l'art en introduisant une technique d'interpolation hybride qui combine une pondération de distance inverse avec un réseau irrégulier triangulé avec interpolation linéaire. Des solutions de pointe pour des visualisations améliorées sont incluses et des métadonnées et paradonnées essentielles sont également générées. De plus, nous avons introduit un plug-in QGIS qui implémente le pipeline en tant que processus en une seule étape. Il réduit la charge de travail manuelle de 75 à 90 pour cent et ne nécessite aucune compétence particulière autre qu'une connaissance générale de l'environnement QGIS. Il est prévu que le pipeline et l'outil contribueront à la boîte blanche du traitement des données LiDAR aéroportées spécifiques à l'archéologie. Dans la discussion, le rôle du traitement des données dans le processus de production de connaissances est exploré.

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    Remote Sensing
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    Authors: Juan Manuel López-García; Gloria Cuenca-Bescós; María Ángeles Galindo-Pellicena; Elisa Luzi; +3 Authors

    Rodents are a very useful tool in reconstructing the environment of the past, especially owing to their rapid response to climate change, their small home range, and their restricted habitat requirements. They are a highly diverse group of mammals, which have high reproduction rates and as a result can evolve rapidly. The abundance of their microfossil remains in archaeological and paleontological sites permits robust statistical analyses to reconstruct the past climate and environment. Recently, a number of studies have affirmed the need to deepen the climatic characterization of the European Quaternary, the Middle Pleistocene being an important stage for ascertaining how our hominin ancestors lived. The aim of this study is to characterize the climatic conditions in which hominins lived in southwestern Mediterranean Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. To reconstruct these climatic conditions, we apply the bioclimatic model to rodent assemblages from Middle Pleistocene sites with human remains (Caune de l'Arago, Sima de los Huesos, Aroeira cave, Visogliano, Trinchera Galeria, and Mollet cave). Based on the percentage distribution of the species in different climate types and applying multiple linear regressions, we estimated the mean annual temperature, the mean temperature of the coldest month, and the mean temperature of the warmest month. We compared these estimates with data collected over the last 30 years from nearby meteorological stations to obtain the differences with current climate and observe the fluctuations. The climatic conditions obtained from the results of this study show that, while in Iberia mild climatic condition prevailed, in southern France and northeastern Italy harsher weather conditions were indicated.

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    Journal of Human Evolution
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cattan, Oralie; Servan, Christophe; Rosset, Sophie;

    Supervised deep learning-based approaches have been applied to task-oriented dialog and have proven to be effective for limited domain and language applications when a sufficient number of training examples are available. In practice, these approaches suffer from the drawbacks of domain-driven design and under-resourced languages. Domain and language models are supposed to grow and change as the problem space evolves. On one hand, research on transfer learning has demonstrated the cross-lingual ability of multilingual Transformers-based models to learn semantically rich representations. On the other, in addition to the above approaches, meta-learning have enabled the development of task and language learning algorithms capable of far generalization. Through this context, this article proposes to investigate the cross-lingual transferability of using synergistically few-shot learning with prototypical neural networks and multilingual Transformers-based models. Experiments in natural language understanding tasks on MultiATIS++ corpus shows that our approach substantially improves the observed transfer learning performances between the low and the high resource languages. More generally our approach confirms that the meaningful latent space learned in a given language can be can be generalized to unseen and under-resourced ones using meta-learning. Comment: Accepted to the ACL workshop METANLP 2021

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    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Chondrou, Danai;

    International audience; The article offers a detailed analysis of the grinding tool assemblage from the two neighbouring, partially contemporary and almost entirely excavated Late/Final Neolithic settlements of Kleitos, northwestern Greece. The data shed light on various choices regarding the organisation of the production and management of these implements. According to the evidence, grinding tools were not only used as part of the daily routine, but were also often used in special events. The limited rates of exhausted implements, the extreme fragmentation, and special patterns of deposition indicate the complex manipulation of grinding implements beyond their primary functions.

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    Documenta Praehistorica
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    Documenta Praehistorica
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jorge Sebastián Lozano; Ester Alba Pagán; Eliseo Martínez Roig; Mar Gaitán Salvatella; +6 Authors

    Research leading to these results has taken place within the research project “SILKNOW. Silk heritage in the Knowledge Society: from punched cards to big data, deep learning and vi- sual/tangible simulations”, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 769504; as well as within “ClioViz. Visualización avanzada de datos históricos a través de mapas multidimensionales y gráficos interactivos” (ref. no. PID2021- 126777NB-I00), a research project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER-UE. This article builds on work conducted and lessons learned within SILKNOW, a research project that aimed at enhancing the preservation and digital dissemination of silk heritage. Taking the project and this heritage typology as a case study in the digital transformation of cultural heritage institutions, it illustrates specific challenges that these institutions must face and demonstrates a few innovative answers to meet those challenges. The methodology combines approaches typical of the humanities and others usual in ICT, being inductive regarding materials and methods (consisting of a detailed review of existing online repositories and research projects devoted to textile heritage) and descriptive for the results and discussion (which explain at length the development of some tools and resources that responded to the needs detected in the previous analysis). The article reports on the state of the art and recent developments in the field of textile heritage, the tools implemented to allow the semantic access and text analysis of descriptive records associated with silk fabrics, and the spatiotemporal visualization of that information. Finally, it argues that institutional policies, namely the creation and free dissemination of open data related to cultural heritage are just as important as technical developments, showing why any future effort in these areas should take data sustainability, both in its technical and in institutional aspects, into account, since it is the most responsible and reasonable approach in terms of efficient resource allocation. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Sustainability
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    Authors: Benjamin Štular; Edisa Lozić; Mateja Belak; Jernej Rihter; +6 Authors

    International audience; The rapid expansion of the Slavic speakers in the second half of the first millennium CE remains a controversial topic in archaeology, and academic passions on the issue have long run high. Currently, there are three main hypotheses for this expansion. The aim of this paper was to test the so-called "hybrid hypothesis," which states that the movement of people, cultural diffusion and language diffusion all occurred simultaneously. For this purpose, we examined an archaeological Deep Data set with a machine learning method termed time series clustering and with emerging hot spot analysis. The latter required two archaeologyspecific modifications: The archaeological trend map and the multiscale emerging hot spot analysis. As a result, we were able to detect two migrations in the Eastern Alps between c. 500 and c. 700 CE. Based on the convergence of evidence from archaeology, linguistics, and population genetics, we have identified the migrants as Alpine Slavs, i.e., people who spoke Slavic and shared specific common ancestry.; L'expansion rapide des locuteurs slaves dans la seconde moitié du premier millénaire de notre ère reste un sujet controversé en archéologie, et les passions académiques sur la question ont longtemps été vives. Actuellement, il existe trois hypothèses principales pour expliquer cette expansion. L'objectif de cet article était de tester l'hypothèse dite "hybride", selon laquelle les mouvements de population, la diffusion culturelle et la diffusion de la langue se sont produits simultanément. À cette fin, nous avons examiné un ensemble de Deep Data archéologiques à l'aide d'une méthode d'apprentissage automatique appelée regroupement de séries chronologiques et d'une analyse des points chauds émergents. Cette dernière a nécessité deux modifications spécifiques à l'archéologie : La carte des tendances archéologiques et l'analyse multi-échelle des points chauds émergents. Nous avons ainsi pu détecter deux migrations dans les Alpes orientales entre environ 500 et environ 700 de notre ère. Sur la base de la convergence des preuves issues de l'archéologie, de la linguistique et de la génétique des populations, nous avons identifié les migrants comme des Slaves alpins, c'est-à-dire des personnes parlant le slave et partageant une ascendance commune spécifique.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Nadezda Gavrilovic-Vitas; Dan Dana;

    In the border zone between the Roman provinces of Upper Moesia and Thrace a sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera, defined by the toponymic epithet Souidept?noi, was discovered on the Belava mountain, near Turres (today's Pirot). The sanctuary presumably encompassed a temenos, an altar and two smaller temples, oriented east-west, with the entrance on the eastern side. Unfortunately, illegal excavations were conducted on the area of the sanctuary by thieves, who stole the small reliefs offered to the deities venerated in the sanctuary, of which the authors of this paper could obtain the data of 31 fragmented votive plates, most of them inscribed. A variety of iconographic schemas, especially the standing divine couple or Zeus and Hera in quadriga, as well as the combination of three onomastics stocks (Thracian, Greek and Latin) illustrate the diversity of traditions and the cultural interferences at work during imperial times. It can be presumed that the sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera Souidept?noi existed from the 2nd to the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 4th century. International audience

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    Starinar
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Benjamin Štular;

    International audience; This article presents the archiving of archaeological digital datasets in Slovenia in its historic context. The datasets discussed have been separated into three categories: non-reproducible datasets, reproducible datasets, and registries. Several reproducible datasets created by ZRC SAZU have been freely available online since the early 2000s, but the number of users is small and those benefiting often do not adhere to clearly stated copyright limitations. There is a large discrepancy between the stated interest and the actual usage of reproducible, let alone non-reproducible, online datasets disseminated as open access. In addition, adherence to fair use cannot be expected unless enforced. The key outcome of this study is that it has exposed a total absence of systemic archiving practice for non-reproducible digital datasets. The article concludes with recommendations and next steps that could be taken to address these issues in future. First and foremost, a systemic approach to digital archiving is urgently needed if the irreversible damage to the decades worth of born-digital non-reproducible digital data is to be averted.; Cet article présente l'archivage des jeux de données archéologiques numériques en Slovénie dans son contexte historique. Les ensembles de données discutés ont été séparés en trois catégories : les ensembles de données non reproductibles, les ensembles de données reproductibles et les registres. Plusieurs ensembles de données reproductibles créés par ZRC SAZU sont disponibles gratuitement en ligne depuis le début des années 2000, mais le nombre d'utilisateurs est faible et ceux qui en bénéficient ne respectent souvent pas les limitations de droits d'auteur clairement énoncées. Il existe un écart important entre l'intérêt déclaré et l'utilisation réelle d'ensembles de données en ligne reproductibles, et encore moins non reproductibles, diffusés en libre accès. En outre, le respect de l'usage loyal ne peut être attendu à moins d'être appliqué. Le principal résultat de cette étude est qu'elle a révélé une absence totale de pratique d'archivage systémique pour les ensembles de données numériques non reproductibles. L'article se termine par des recommandations et les prochaines mesures qui pourraient être prises pour résoudre ces problèmes à l'avenir. Tout d'abord, une approche systémique de l'archivage numérique est nécessaire de toute urgence si l'on veut éviter les dommages irréversibles aux décennies de données numériques non reproductibles nées du numérique.

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    Internet Archaeology
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Internet Archaeology
    Article
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    Internet Archaeology
    Article . 2021
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      Internet Archaeology
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Internet Archaeology
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      Internet Archaeology
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Edisa Lozić; Benjamin Štular;

    International audience; Airborne LiDAR is a widely accepted tool for archaeological prospection. Over the last decade an archaeology-specific data processing workflow has been evolving, ranging from raw data acquisition and processing, point cloud processing and product derivation to archaeological interpretation, dissemination and archiving. Currently, though, there is no agreement on the specific steps or terminology. This workflow is an interpretative knowledge production process that must be documented as such to ensure the intellectual transparency and accountability required for evidence-based archaeological interpretation. However, this is rarely the case, and there are no accepted schemas, let alone standards, to do so. As a result, there is a risk that the data processing steps of the workflow will be accepted as a black box process and its results as ``hard data''. The first step in documenting a scientific process is to define it. Therefore, this paper provides a critical review of existing archaeology-specific workflows for airborne LiDAR-derived topographic data processing, resulting in an 18-step workflow with consistent terminology. Its novelty and significance lies in the fact that the existing comprehensive studies are outdated and the newer ones focus on selected aspects of the workflow. Based on the updated workflow, a good practice example for its documentation is presented.

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    Geosciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Lozić, Edisa; Eichert, Stefan;

    International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well known. It is therefore surprising that little attention has been paid to the key element of processing: an archaeology-specific DEM. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to describe an archaeology-specific DEM in detail, provide a tool for its automatic precision assessment, and determine the appropriate grid resolution. We define an archaeology-specific DEM as a subtype of DEM, which is interpolated from ground points, buildings, and four morphological types of archaeological features. We introduce a confidence map (QGIS plug-in) that assigns a confidence level to each grid cell. This is primarily used to attach a confidence level to each archaeological feature, which is useful for detecting data bias in archaeological interpretation. Confidence mapping is also an effective tool for identifying the optimal grid resolution for specific datasets. Beyond archaeological applications, the confidence map provides clear criteria for segmentation, which is one of the unsolved problems of DEM interpolation. All of these are important steps towards the general methodological maturity of airborne LiDAR in archaeology, which is our ultimate goal.; L'utilisation de données LiDAR aéroportées topographiques est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique, et la nécessité d'un flux de travail de traitement des données spécifique à l'archéologie est bien connue. Il est donc surprenant que peu d'attention ait été accordée à l'élément clé du traitement: un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie. En conséquence, le but de cet article est de décrire en détail un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie, de fournir un outil pour son évaluation automatique de la précision et de déterminer la résolution de grille appropriée. Nous définissons un DEM spécifique à l'archéologie comme un sous-type de DEM, qui est interpolé à partir de points au sol, de bâtiments et de quatre types morphologiques de caractéristiques archéologiques. Nous introduisons une carte de confiance (plug-in QGIS) qui attribue un niveau de confiance à chaque cellule de la grille. Ceci est principalement utilisé pour attacher un niveau de confiance à chaque caractéristique archéologique, ce qui est utile pour détecter les biais de données dans l'interprétation archéologique. La cartographie de confiance est également un outil efficace pour identifier la résolution de grille optimale pour des ensembles de données spécifiques. Au-delà des applications archéologiques, la carte de confiance fournit des critères clairs pour la segmentation, qui est l'un des problèmes non résolus de l'interpolation DEM. Tous ces éléments sont des étapes importantes vers la maturité méthodologique générale du LiDAR aéroporté en archéologie, qui est notre objectif ultime.

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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2021
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    Authors: Štular, Benjamin; Eichert, Stefan; Lozić, Edisa;

    International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection. However, as a step towards theoretically aware, impactful, and reproducible research, a more rigorous and transparent method of data processing is required. To this end, we set out to create a processing pipeline for archaeology-specific point cloud processing and derivation of products that are optimized for general-purpose data. The proposed pipeline improves on ground and building point cloud classification. The main area of innovation in the proposed pipeline is raster grid interpolation. We have improved the state-of-the-art by introducing a hybrid interpolation technique that combines inverse distance weighting with a triangulated irregular network with linear interpolation. State-of-the-art solutions for enhanced visualizations are included and essential metadata and paradata are also generated. In addition, we have introduced a QGIS plug-in that implements the pipeline as a one-step process. It reduces the manual workload by 75 to 90 percent and requires no special skills other than a general familiarity with the QGIS environment. It is intended that the pipeline and tool will contribute to the white-boxing of archaeology-specific airborne LiDAR data processing. In discussion, the role of data processing in the knowledge production process is explored.; L'utilisation de données topographiques LiDAR aéroportées est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique. Cependant, comme étape vers une recherche théoriquement consciente, percutante et reproductible, une méthode de traitement des données plus rigoureuse et transparente est nécessaire. À cette fin, nous avons entrepris de créer un pipeline de traitement pour le traitement de nuages ​​de points spécifiques à l'archéologie et la dérivation de produits optimisés pour les données à usage général. Le pipeline proposé améliore la classification des nuages ​​de points au sol et des bâtiments. Le principal domaine d'innovation du pipeline proposé est l'interpolation de grille de trame. Nous avons amélioré l'état de l'art en introduisant une technique d'interpolation hybride qui combine une pondération de distance inverse avec un réseau irrégulier triangulé avec interpolation linéaire. Des solutions de pointe pour des visualisations améliorées sont incluses et des métadonnées et paradonnées essentielles sont également générées. De plus, nous avons introduit un plug-in QGIS qui implémente le pipeline en tant que processus en une seule étape. Il réduit la charge de travail manuelle de 75 à 90 pour cent et ne nécessite aucune compétence particulière autre qu'une connaissance générale de l'environnement QGIS. Il est prévu que le pipeline et l'outil contribueront à la boîte blanche du traitement des données LiDAR aéroportées spécifiques à l'archéologie. Dans la discussion, le rôle du traitement des données dans le processus de production de connaissances est exploré.

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    Authors: Juan Manuel López-García; Gloria Cuenca-Bescós; María Ángeles Galindo-Pellicena; Elisa Luzi; +3 Authors

    Rodents are a very useful tool in reconstructing the environment of the past, especially owing to their rapid response to climate change, their small home range, and their restricted habitat requirements. They are a highly diverse group of mammals, which have high reproduction rates and as a result can evolve rapidly. The abundance of their microfossil remains in archaeological and paleontological sites permits robust statistical analyses to reconstruct the past climate and environment. Recently, a number of studies have affirmed the need to deepen the climatic characterization of the European Quaternary, the Middle Pleistocene being an important stage for ascertaining how our hominin ancestors lived. The aim of this study is to characterize the climatic conditions in which hominins lived in southwestern Mediterranean Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. To reconstruct these climatic conditions, we apply the bioclimatic model to rodent assemblages from Middle Pleistocene sites with human remains (Caune de l'Arago, Sima de los Huesos, Aroeira cave, Visogliano, Trinchera Galeria, and Mollet cave). Based on the percentage distribution of the species in different climate types and applying multiple linear regressions, we estimated the mean annual temperature, the mean temperature of the coldest month, and the mean temperature of the warmest month. We compared these estimates with data collected over the last 30 years from nearby meteorological stations to obtain the differences with current climate and observe the fluctuations. The climatic conditions obtained from the results of this study show that, while in Iberia mild climatic condition prevailed, in southern France and northeastern Italy harsher weather conditions were indicated.

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    Journal of Human Evolution
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cattan, Oralie; Servan, Christophe; Rosset, Sophie;

    Supervised deep learning-based approaches have been applied to task-oriented dialog and have proven to be effective for limited domain and language applications when a sufficient number of training examples are available. In practice, these approaches suffer from the drawbacks of domain-driven design and under-resourced languages. Domain and language models are supposed to grow and change as the problem space evolves. On one hand, research on transfer learning has demonstrated the cross-lingual ability of multilingual Transformers-based models to learn semantically rich representations. On the other, in addition to the above approaches, meta-learning have enabled the development of task and language learning algorithms capable of far generalization. Through this context, this article proposes to investigate the cross-lingual transferability of using synergistically few-shot learning with prototypical neural networks and multilingual Transformers-based models. Experiments in natural language understanding tasks on MultiATIS++ corpus shows that our approach substantially improves the observed transfer learning performances between the low and the high resource languages. More generally our approach confirms that the meaningful latent space learned in a given language can be can be generalized to unseen and under-resourced ones using meta-learning. Comment: Accepted to the ACL workshop METANLP 2021

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    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/20...
    Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Chondrou, Danai;

    International audience; The article offers a detailed analysis of the grinding tool assemblage from the two neighbouring, partially contemporary and almost entirely excavated Late/Final Neolithic settlements of Kleitos, northwestern Greece. The data shed light on various choices regarding the organisation of the production and management of these implements. According to the evidence, grinding tools were not only used as part of the daily routine, but were also often used in special events. The limited rates of exhausted implements, the extreme fragmentation, and special patterns of deposition indicate the complex manipulation of grinding implements beyond their primary functions.

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    Documenta Praehistorica
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    Documenta Praehistorica
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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