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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Collaboration, H. E. S. S.; Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Aschersleben, J.; +138 Authors

    Most $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei are blazars with one of their relativistic jets pointing towards the Earth. Only a few objects belong to the class of radio galaxies or misaligned blazars. Here, we investigate the nature of the object PKS 0625-354, its $\gamma$-ray flux and spectral variability and its broad-band spectral emission with observations from H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and UVOT taken in November 2018. The H.E.S.S. light curve above 200 GeV shows an outburst in the first night of observations followed by a declining flux with a halving time scale of 5.9h. The $\gamma\gamma$-opacity constrains the upper limit of the angle between the jet and the line of sight to $\sim10^\circ$. The broad-band spectral energy distribution shows two humps and can be well fitted with a single-zone synchrotron self Compton emission model. We conclude that PKS 0625-354, as an object showing clear features of both blazars and radio galaxies, can be classified as an intermediate active galactic nuclei. Multi-wavelength studies of such intermediate objects exhibiting features of both blazars and radio galaxies are sparse but crucial for the understanding of the broad-band emission of $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei in general. Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
    Preprint . 2024
    Data sources: HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2024
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
      Preprint . 2024
      Data sources: HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2024
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Odak, Gloria; Rignon-Bret, Antoine; Speziale, Simone;

    We perform a detailed study of the covariance properties of the symplectic potential of general relativity on a null hypersurface, and of the different polarizations that can be used to study conservative as well as leaky boundary conditions. This allows us to identify a one-parameter family of covariant symplectic potentials. We compute the charges and fluxes for the most general phase space with arbitrary variations. We study five symmetry groups that arise when different restrictions on the variations are included. Requiring stationarity as in the original Wald-Zoupas prescription selects a unique member of the family of symplectic potentials, the one of Chandrasekaran, Flanagan and Prabhu. The associated charges are all conserved on non-expanding horizons, but not on flat spacetime. We show that it is possible to require a weaker notion of stationarity which selects another symplectic potential, again in a unique way, and whose charges are conserved on both non-expanding horizons and flat light-cones. Furthermore, the flux of future-pointing diffeomorphisms at leading-order around an outgoing flat light-cone is positive and reproduces a tidal heating plus a memory term. We also study the conformal conservative boundary conditions suggested by the alternative polarization and identify under which conditions they define a non-ambiguous variational principle. Our results have applications for dynamical notions of entropy, and are useful to clarify the interplay between different boundary conditions, charge prescriptions, and symmetry groups that can be associated with a null boundary. Comment: 54 pages. v2: Improved text, minor corrections, references added. v3: Term corrected in the symplectic potential, further minor corrections, improved text. Matches published version

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of High Energy Physics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of High Energy Physics
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      DOAJ
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Project, CTA-LST; Abe, H.; Abe, K.; Abe, S.; +255 Authors

    The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the CTA-North site, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to ≃20 GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in 2019 November, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data ever since. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the performance of the telescope. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period—only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope’s behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is around 20 GeV, rising to ≃30 GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.°12–0.°40, and energy resolution from 15%–50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50 hr observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03–30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula. The astrophysical journal / Part 1 956(2), 80 (2023). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace89d Published by Institute of Physics Publ., London

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: MPG.PuRe
    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Eva Ferreira; Stanley Nmor; Eric Viollier; Bruno Lansard; +6 Authors

    At the land–sea interface, the benthic carbon cycle is strongly influenced by the export of terrigenous particulate material across the river–ocean continuum. Episodic flood events delivering massive sedimentary materials can occur, but their short-term impact on carbon cycling is poorly understood. In this paper, we use a coupled data–model approach to estimate the temporal variations in sediment–water fluxes, biogeochemical pathways and their reaction rates during these abrupt phenomena. We studied one episodic depositional event in the vicinity of the Rhône River mouth (NW Mediterranean Sea) during the fall–winter of 2021/22. The distributions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), sulfate (SO42-) and methane (CH4) were measured in sediment porewaters collected every 2 weeks before and after the deposition of a 25 cm sediment layer during the main winter flood event. Significant changes in the distribution of DIC, SO42- and CH4 concentrations were observed in the sediment porewaters. The use of an early diagenetic model (FESDIA) to calculate biogeochemical reaction rates and fluxes revealed that this type of flood event can increase the total organic carbon mineralization rate in the sediment by 75 % a few days after deposition. In this period, sulfate reduction is the main process contributing to the increase in total mineralization relative to non-flood deposition. The model predicts a short-term decrease in the DIC flux out of the sediment from 100 to 55 mmolm-2d-1 after the deposition of the new sediment layer with a longer-term increase by 4 %, therefore implying an initial internal storage of DIC in the newly deposited layer and a slow release over relaxation of the system. Furthermore, examination of the stoichiometric ratios of DIC and SO42- as well as model output over this 5-month window shows a decoupling between the two modes of sulfate reduction following the deposition – organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) intensified in the newly deposited layer below the sediment surface, whereas anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) intensified at depth below the former buried surface. The bifurcation depth of sulfate reduction pathways, i.e., the sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ), is shifted deeper by 25 cm in the sediment column following the flood deposition. Our findings highlight the significance of short-term transient biogeochemical processes at the seafloor and provide new insights into the benthic carbon cycle in the coastal ocean.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ArchiMer - Instituti...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biogeosciences (BG)
    Other literature type . 2023
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biogeosciences (BG)
    Other literature type . 2024
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
    DOAJ
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ArchiMer - Instituti...arrow_drop_down
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      Biogeosciences (BG)
      Other literature type . 2023
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biogeosciences (BG)
      Other literature type . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
      Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
      DOAJ
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: A. Gardin; E. Pucéat; G. Garcia; J.-R. Boisserie; +6 Authors

    This study adopts a new approach describing palaeohydrology and palaeoclimates based on the interpretation of stable oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) recorded in fossil crocodilian teeth. They represent an archive of prime interest for tracking freshwater palaeoenvironmental change, applicable to many palaeontological localities in the world: crocodilian teeth are abundant in continental basins and have been widely distributed since their diversification during the Mesozoic; the enamel phosphate is resistant to diagenesis and retains its original isotopic composition over geological timescales; and their δ18Op mainly relies on that of the crocodilian's home waterbody (δ18Ow), which in turn reflects waterbody types, regional climate, and evaporation conditions. This study presents the first application of this theoretical interpretative model to the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia), a key witness of the important environmental change in eastern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene that impacted the evolution of regional faunas, including humans. In this complex and variable environmental context, the δ18Op of coexisting crocodilians allows for the fingerprinting of the diversity of aquatic environments they had access to at a local scale. This study sheds light on two important results: the δ18Op of crocodilian teeth (1) indicates stable aquatic environments in the northern Turkana Depression from 2.97 to ca. 2.57 Ma but a decline in local waterbodies diversity after 2.32 Ma, suggesting increasing aridity, and (2) shows, like previous geochemical studies on palaeosols and bivalves in the area, a significant increase in δ18Ow from 2.97 to ca. 1.14 Ma, likely due to the shifting air stream convergence zones between the West African and Indian Summer Monsoons and/or reduced rainfall over the Ethiopian Highlands.

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    Biogeosciences (BG)
    Other literature type . 2024
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biogeosciences (BG)
    Other literature type . 2023
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biogeosciences
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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    Authors: Sebastian Zieba; Laura Kreidberg; Elsa Ducrot; Michaël Gillon; +15 Authors

    Seven rocky planets orbit the nearby dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, providing a unique opportunity to search for atmospheres on small planets outside the Solar System (Gillon et al., 2017). Thanks to the recent launch of JWST, possible atmospheric constituents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are now detectable (Morley et al., 2017, Lincowski et al., 2018}. Recent JWST observations of the innermost planet TRAPPIST-1 b showed that it is most probably a bare rock without any CO2 in its atmosphere (Greene et al., 2023). Here we report the detection of thermal emission from the dayside of TRAPPIST-1 c with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on JWST at 15 micron. We measure a planet-to-star flux ratio of fp/fs = 421 +/- 94 parts per million (ppm) which corresponds to an inferred dayside brightness temperature of 380 +/- 31 K. This high dayside temperature disfavours a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere on the planet. The data rule out cloud-free O2/CO2 mixtures with surface pressures ranging from 10 bar (with 10 ppm CO2) to 0.1 bar (pure CO2). A Venus-analogue atmosphere with sulfuric acid clouds is also disfavoured at 2.6 sigma confidence. Thinner atmospheres or bare-rock surfaces are consistent with our measured planet-to-star flux ratio. The absence of a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1 c suggests a relatively volatile-poor formation history, with less than 9.5 +7.5 -2.3 Earth oceans of water. If all planets in the system formed in the same way, this would indicate a limited reservoir of volatiles for the potentially habitable planets in the system. Published in Nature on June 19th. 2023, 10 figures, 4 tables

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    Nature
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    Authors: A. Albert; S. Alves; M. André; M. Ardid; +150 Authors

    Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the γ-ray emission is dominated by proton and nuclei interactions, a neutrino flux comparable to the γ-ray flux is expected from the same sky region. Data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are used to constrain the neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge in the 1-100 TeV energy range. Neutrino events reconstructed both as tracks and showers are considered in the analysis and the selection is optimized for the search of an excess in the region |l| <30◦, |b| <2◦. The expected background in the search region is estimated using an off-zone region with similar sky coverage. Neutrino signal originating from a power-law spectrum with spectral index ranging from ν=1to 4is simulated in both channels. The observed energy distributions are fitted to constrain the neutrino emission from the Ridge. The energy distributions in the signal region are inconsistent with the background expectation at ∼96%confidence level. The mild excess over the background is consistent with a neutrino flux with a power law with a spectral index 2.45+0.22−0.34and a flux normalization dNνdEν=4.0+2.7−2.0×10−16GeV−1cm−2s−1sr−1at 40 TeV reference energy. Such flux is consistent with the expected neutrino signal if the bulk of the observed γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge originates from interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum extending well into the PeV energy range Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development ASFAE/2022/023 ASFAE/2022/014 PROMETEO/2020/019 GENT/2018/034 GENT/2019/043 GENT/2020/049 GENT/2021/23 P18-FR-5057 101025085 Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Training, Morocco PID2021-124591NB-C41 PID2021-124591NB-C42 PID2021-124591NB-C43 Programa Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities by the European Union, NextGenerationEU), Spain "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR", Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Marie Curie Actions European Union (EU) GenT of the Generalitat Valenciana Region Provence-Alpes-Cpte d'Azur Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur French Atomic Energy Commission ERDF A way of making Europe Junta de Andalucia 754496 European Union (EU) Programa Prometeo Region Grand-Est Labex UnivEarthS EU: MSC program MCIN/AEI

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    Physics Letters B
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Acharyya, A; Adam, R; Aguasca-Cabot, A; Agudo, I; +199 Authors

    A deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at ~0.1-100TeV photon energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array is planned. We assess the detection prospects based on a model for the emission of the galaxy, comprising the four known TeV emitters, mock populations of sources, and interstellar emission on galactic scales. We also assess the detectability of 30 Doradus and SN 1987A, and the constraints that can be derived on the nature of dark matter. The survey will allow for fine spectral studies of N157B, N132D, LMC P3, and 30 Doradus C, and half a dozen other sources should be revealed, mainly pulsar-powered objects. The remnant from SN 1987A could be detected if it produces cosmic-ray nuclei with a flat power-law spectrum at high energies, or with a steeper index 2.3-2.4 pending a flux increase by a factor >3-4 over ~2015-2035. Large-scale interstellar emission remains mostly out of reach of the survey if its >10GeV spectrum has a soft photon index ~2.7, but degree-scale 0.1-10TeV pion-decay emission could be detected if the cosmic-ray spectrum hardens above >100GeV. The 30 Doradus star-forming region is detectable if acceleration efficiency is on the order of 1-10% of the mechanical luminosity and diffusion is suppressed by two orders of magnitude within <100pc. Finally, the survey could probe the canonical velocity-averaged cross section for self-annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles for cuspy Navarro-Frenk-White profiles. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Corresponding authors: Pierrick Martin, Maria Isabel Bernardos Martin, Fabio Iocco

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Juliette Godet; Olivier Payrastre; Pierre Javelle; François Bouttier;

    Flash floods have dramatic economic and social consequences, and efficient adaptation policies are required to reduce their impacts, especially in a context of global change. Developing more efficient flash flood forecasting systems can largely contribute to these adaptation requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a new seamless short range (0–6 h) ensemble quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) product, called PIAF-EPS and recently developed by Météo-France, to predict flash floods when used as input of an operational hydrological forecasting chain. For this purpose, eight flash flood events that occurred in the French Mediterranean region between 2019 and 2021 were reanalysed, using a similar hydrological modeling chain to the one implemented in the French “Vigicrues-Flash” operational flash flood monitoring system. The hydrological forecasts obtained from PIAF-EPS were compared to the forecasts obtained with different deterministic QPFs from which PIAF-EPS is directly derived (i.e. the AROME-NWC numerical weather prediction model, and the deterministic PIAF product). The verification method applied in this work uses scores calculated on contingency tables, and combines the forecasts issued on each 1 km2 pixel of the territory. This offers a detailed view of the forecast performances, covering the whole river network and including the small ungauged rivers. The results confirm the added value of the ensemble PIAF-EPS approach for flash flood forecasting, in comparison to the different deterministic scenarios considered.; Les crues éclair ont des conséquences économiques et sociales dramatiques, des politiques d'adaptation sont nécessaires pour réduire leur impact, notamment dans le contexte du changement climatique. On peut contribuer à cet objectif par de meilleurs systèmes de prévision des crues éclair. Cette étude vise à estimer les performances d'un nouveau système de prévision à courte échéance (0-6h) des cumuls de précipitation, appelé PIAF-EPS, récemment développé à Météo-France, pour prévoir les crues éclair via son branchement en entrée d'une chaîne de prévision hydrologique. Pour cela, huit épisodes de crues sur la zone Méditerranéenne française (entre 2019 et 2021) ont éte réanalysés en utilisant une chaîne analogue à celle du système opérationnel de surveillance des crues "Vigicrues-Flash". Les prévisions hydrologiques obtenues par PIAF-EPS ont éte comparées à celle de différents systèmes de prévision déterministe des précipitations, dont PIAF-EPS est issu (le modèle numérique météorologique AROME-PI et le produit déterministe PIAF). La méthode de vérification utilise des scores de tables de contingence et combine les prévisions sur des pixels de 1km2. Cela donne une vision détaillée des performances sur l'ensemble du réseau de rivières incluant celles dépourvues d'observations. Les résultats confirment l'apport de l'ensemble PIAF-EPS par rapport aux approches déterministes considérées ici.

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    Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    HAL AMU
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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      Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
      Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      HAL AMU
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    Authors: Aiello S.; Albert A.; Alves Garre S.; Aly Z.; +206 Authors

    This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmic-ray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by the Moon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 and 6.2 , and an angular resolution of and , respectively, consistent with the prediction of from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S GenT of the Generalitat Valenciana CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/049 CIDEGENT/2021/23 Programa Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities - European Union, NextGenerationEU), Spain Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF) ASFAE/2022/023 ASFAE/2022/014 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco MCIN/AEI PID2021-124591NB-C41 PID2021-124591NB-C42 PID2021-124591NB-C43 Programa Prometeo of the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019 LabEx UnivEarthS, France ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR P18-FR-5057 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund), France Marie Curie Actions European Union (EU) Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT Paris ile-de-France Region, France German Research Foundation (DFG) National Science Centre, Poland ERDF A way of making Europe EU: MSC program 101025085 European Union (EU)

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    European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    DOAJ
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Collaboration, H. E. S. S.; Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Aschersleben, J.; +138 Authors

    Most $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei are blazars with one of their relativistic jets pointing towards the Earth. Only a few objects belong to the class of radio galaxies or misaligned blazars. Here, we investigate the nature of the object PKS 0625-354, its $\gamma$-ray flux and spectral variability and its broad-band spectral emission with observations from H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and UVOT taken in November 2018. The H.E.S.S. light curve above 200 GeV shows an outburst in the first night of observations followed by a declining flux with a halving time scale of 5.9h. The $\gamma\gamma$-opacity constrains the upper limit of the angle between the jet and the line of sight to $\sim10^\circ$. The broad-band spectral energy distribution shows two humps and can be well fitted with a single-zone synchrotron self Compton emission model. We conclude that PKS 0625-354, as an object showing clear features of both blazars and radio galaxies, can be classified as an intermediate active galactic nuclei. Multi-wavelength studies of such intermediate objects exhibiting features of both blazars and radio galaxies are sparse but crucial for the understanding of the broad-band emission of $\gamma$-ray detected active galactic nuclei in general. Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

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    HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
    Preprint . 2024
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2024
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      HAL AMU; HAL-CEA
      Preprint . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2024
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    Authors: Odak, Gloria; Rignon-Bret, Antoine; Speziale, Simone;

    We perform a detailed study of the covariance properties of the symplectic potential of general relativity on a null hypersurface, and of the different polarizations that can be used to study conservative as well as leaky boundary conditions. This allows us to identify a one-parameter family of covariant symplectic potentials. We compute the charges and fluxes for the most general phase space with arbitrary variations. We study five symmetry groups that arise when different restrictions on the variations are included. Requiring stationarity as in the original Wald-Zoupas prescription selects a unique member of the family of symplectic potentials, the one of Chandrasekaran, Flanagan and Prabhu. The associated charges are all conserved on non-expanding horizons, but not on flat spacetime. We show that it is possible to require a weaker notion of stationarity which selects another symplectic potential, again in a unique way, and whose charges are conserved on both non-expanding horizons and flat light-cones. Furthermore, the flux of future-pointing diffeomorphisms at leading-order around an outgoing flat light-cone is positive and reproduces a tidal heating plus a memory term. We also study the conformal conservative boundary conditions suggested by the alternative polarization and identify under which conditions they define a non-ambiguous variational principle. Our results have applications for dynamical notions of entropy, and are useful to clarify the interplay between different boundary conditions, charge prescriptions, and symmetry groups that can be associated with a null boundary. Comment: 54 pages. v2: Improved text, minor corrections, references added. v3: Term corrected in the symplectic potential, further minor corrections, improved text. Matches published version

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    Journal of High Energy Physics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of High Energy Physics
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Project, CTA-LST; Abe, H.; Abe, K.; Abe, S.; +255 Authors

    The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the CTA-North site, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to ≃20 GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in 2019 November, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data ever since. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the performance of the telescope. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period—only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope’s behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is around 20 GeV, rising to ≃30 GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.°12–0.°40, and energy resolution from 15%–50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50 hr observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03–30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula. The astrophysical journal / Part 1 956(2), 80 (2023). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace89d Published by Institute of Physics Publ., London

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Eva Ferreira; Stanley Nmor; Eric Viollier; Bruno Lansard; +6 Authors

    At the land–sea interface, the benthic carbon cycle is strongly influenced by the export of terrigenous particulate material across the river–ocean continuum. Episodic flood events delivering massive sedimentary materials can occur, but their short-term impact on carbon cycling is poorly understood. In this paper, we use a coupled data–model approach to estimate the temporal variations in sediment–water fluxes, biogeochemical pathways and their reaction rates during these abrupt phenomena. We studied one episodic depositional event in the vicinity of the Rhône River mouth (NW Mediterranean Sea) during the fall–winter of 2021/22. The distributions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), sulfate (SO42-) and methane (CH4) were measured in sediment porewaters collected every 2 weeks before and after the deposition of a 25 cm sediment layer during the main winter flood event. Significant changes in the distribution of DIC, SO42- and CH4 concentrations were observed in the sediment porewaters. The use of an early diagenetic model (FESDIA) to calculate biogeochemical reaction rates and fluxes revealed that this type of flood event can increase the total organic carbon mineralization rate in the sediment by 75 % a few days after deposition. In this period, sulfate reduction is the main process contributing to the increase in total mineralization relative to non-flood deposition. The model predicts a short-term decrease in the DIC flux out of the sediment from 100 to 55 mmolm-2d-1 after the deposition of the new sediment layer with a longer-term increase by 4 %, therefore implying an initial internal storage of DIC in the newly deposited layer and a slow release over relaxation of the system. Furthermore, examination of the stoichiometric ratios of DIC and SO42- as well as model output over this 5-month window shows a decoupling between the two modes of sulfate reduction following the deposition – organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) intensified in the newly deposited layer below the sediment surface, whereas anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) intensified at depth below the former buried surface. The bifurcation depth of sulfate reduction pathways, i.e., the sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ), is shifted deeper by 25 cm in the sediment column following the flood deposition. Our findings highlight the significance of short-term transient biogeochemical processes at the seafloor and provide new insights into the benthic carbon cycle in the coastal ocean.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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    Authors: A. Gardin; E. Pucéat; G. Garcia; J.-R. Boisserie; +6 Authors

    This study adopts a new approach describing palaeohydrology and palaeoclimates based on the interpretation of stable oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) recorded in fossil crocodilian teeth. They represent an archive of prime interest for tracking freshwater palaeoenvironmental change, applicable to many palaeontological localities in the world: crocodilian teeth are abundant in continental basins and have been widely distributed since their diversification during the Mesozoic; the enamel phosphate is resistant to diagenesis and retains its original isotopic composition over geological timescales; and their δ18Op mainly relies on that of the crocodilian's home waterbody (δ18Ow), which in turn reflects waterbody types, regional climate, and evaporation conditions. This study presents the first application of this theoretical interpretative model to the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia), a key witness of the important environmental change in eastern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene that impacted the evolution of regional faunas, including humans. In this complex and variable environmental context, the δ18Op of coexisting crocodilians allows for the fingerprinting of the diversity of aquatic environments they had access to at a local scale. This study sheds light on two important results: the δ18Op of crocodilian teeth (1) indicates stable aquatic environments in the northern Turkana Depression from 2.97 to ca. 2.57 Ma but a decline in local waterbodies diversity after 2.32 Ma, suggesting increasing aridity, and (2) shows, like previous geochemical studies on palaeosols and bivalves in the area, a significant increase in δ18Ow from 2.97 to ca. 1.14 Ma, likely due to the shifting air stream convergence zones between the West African and Indian Summer Monsoons and/or reduced rainfall over the Ethiopian Highlands.

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    Biogeosciences
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-202...
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    Authors: Sebastian Zieba; Laura Kreidberg; Elsa Ducrot; Michaël Gillon; +15 Authors

    Seven rocky planets orbit the nearby dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, providing a unique opportunity to search for atmospheres on small planets outside the Solar System (Gillon et al., 2017). Thanks to the recent launch of JWST, possible atmospheric constituents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are now detectable (Morley et al., 2017, Lincowski et al., 2018}. Recent JWST observations of the innermost planet TRAPPIST-1 b showed that it is most probably a bare rock without any CO2 in its atmosphere (Greene et al., 2023). Here we report the detection of thermal emission from the dayside of TRAPPIST-1 c with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on JWST at 15 micron. We measure a planet-to-star flux ratio of fp/fs = 421 +/- 94 parts per million (ppm) which corresponds to an inferred dayside brightness temperature of 380 +/- 31 K. This high dayside temperature disfavours a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere on the planet. The data rule out cloud-free O2/CO2 mixtures with surface pressures ranging from 10 bar (with 10 ppm CO2) to 0.1 bar (pure CO2). A Venus-analogue atmosphere with sulfuric acid clouds is also disfavoured at 2.6 sigma confidence. Thinner atmospheres or bare-rock surfaces are consistent with our measured planet-to-star flux ratio. The absence of a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1 c suggests a relatively volatile-poor formation history, with less than 9.5 +7.5 -2.3 Earth oceans of water. If all planets in the system formed in the same way, this would indicate a limited reservoir of volatiles for the potentially habitable planets in the system. Published in Nature on June 19th. 2023, 10 figures, 4 tables

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    Nature
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    Nature
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: A. Albert; S. Alves; M. André; M. Ardid; +150 Authors

    Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the γ-ray emission is dominated by proton and nuclei interactions, a neutrino flux comparable to the γ-ray flux is expected from the same sky region. Data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are used to constrain the neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge in the 1-100 TeV energy range. Neutrino events reconstructed both as tracks and showers are considered in the analysis and the selection is optimized for the search of an excess in the region |l| <30◦, |b| <2◦. The expected background in the search region is estimated using an off-zone region with similar sky coverage. Neutrino signal originating from a power-law spectrum with spectral index ranging from ν=1to 4is simulated in both channels. The observed energy distributions are fitted to constrain the neutrino emission from the Ridge. The energy distributions in the signal region are inconsistent with the background expectation at ∼96%confidence level. The mild excess over the background is consistent with a neutrino flux with a power law with a spectral index 2.45+0.22−0.34and a flux normalization dNνdEν=4.0+2.7−2.0×10−16GeV−1cm−2s−1sr−1at 40 TeV reference energy. Such flux is consistent with the expected neutrino signal if the bulk of the observed γ-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge originates from interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum extending well into the PeV energy range Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development ASFAE/2022/023 ASFAE/2022/014 PROMETEO/2020/019 GENT/2018/034 GENT/2019/043 GENT/2020/049 GENT/2021/23 P18-FR-5057 101025085 Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Training, Morocco PID2021-124591NB-C41 PID2021-124591NB-C42 PID2021-124591NB-C43 Programa Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities by the European Union, NextGenerationEU), Spain "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR", Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Marie Curie Actions European Union (EU) GenT of the Generalitat Valenciana Region Provence-Alpes-Cpte d'Azur Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur French Atomic Energy Commission ERDF A way of making Europe Junta de Andalucia 754496 European Union (EU) Programa Prometeo Region Grand-Est Labex UnivEarthS EU: MSC program MCIN/AEI

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    Physics Letters B
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Acharyya, A; Adam, R; Aguasca-Cabot, A; Agudo, I; +199 Authors

    A deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at ~0.1-100TeV photon energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array is planned. We assess the detection prospects based on a model for the emission of the galaxy, comprising the four known TeV emitters, mock populations of sources, and interstellar emission on galactic scales. We also assess the detectability of 30 Doradus and SN 1987A, and the constraints that can be derived on the nature of dark matter. The survey will allow for fine spectral studies of N157B, N132D, LMC P3, and 30 Doradus C, and half a dozen other sources should be revealed, mainly pulsar-powered objects. The remnant from SN 1987A could be detected if it produces cosmic-ray nuclei with a flat power-law spectrum at high energies, or with a steeper index 2.3-2.4 pending a flux increase by a factor >3-4 over ~2015-2035. Large-scale interstellar emission remains mostly out of reach of the survey if its >10GeV spectrum has a soft photon index ~2.7, but degree-scale 0.1-10TeV pion-decay emission could be detected if the cosmic-ray spectrum hardens above >100GeV. The 30 Doradus star-forming region is detectable if acceleration efficiency is on the order of 1-10% of the mechanical luminosity and diffusion is suppressed by two orders of magnitude within <100pc. Finally, the survey could probe the canonical velocity-averaged cross section for self-annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles for cuspy Navarro-Frenk-White profiles. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Corresponding authors: Pierrick Martin, Maria Isabel Bernardos Martin, Fabio Iocco

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Juliette Godet; Olivier Payrastre; Pierre Javelle; François Bouttier;

    Flash floods have dramatic economic and social consequences, and efficient adaptation policies are required to reduce their impacts, especially in a context of global change. Developing more efficient flash flood forecasting systems can largely contribute to these adaptation requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a new seamless short range (0–6 h) ensemble quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) product, called PIAF-EPS and recently developed by Météo-France, to predict flash floods when used as input of an operational hydrological forecasting chain. For this purpose, eight flash flood events that occurred in the French Mediterranean region between 2019 and 2021 were reanalysed, using a similar hydrological modeling chain to the one implemented in the French “Vigicrues-Flash” operational flash flood monitoring system. The hydrological forecasts obtained from PIAF-EPS were compared to the forecasts obtained with different deterministic QPFs from which PIAF-EPS is directly derived (i.e. the AROME-NWC numerical weather prediction model, and the deterministic PIAF product). The verification method applied in this work uses scores calculated on contingency tables, and combines the forecasts issued on each 1 km2 pixel of the territory. This offers a detailed view of the forecast performances, covering the whole river network and including the small ungauged rivers. The results confirm the added value of the ensemble PIAF-EPS approach for flash flood forecasting, in comparison to the different deterministic scenarios considered.; Les crues éclair ont des conséquences économiques et sociales dramatiques, des politiques d'adaptation sont nécessaires pour réduire leur impact, notamment dans le contexte du changement climatique. On peut contribuer à cet objectif par de meilleurs systèmes de prévision des crues éclair. Cette étude vise à estimer les performances d'un nouveau système de prévision à courte échéance (0-6h) des cumuls de précipitation, appelé PIAF-EPS, récemment développé à Météo-France, pour prévoir les crues éclair via son branchement en entrée d'une chaîne de prévision hydrologique. Pour cela, huit épisodes de crues sur la zone Méditerranéenne française (entre 2019 et 2021) ont éte réanalysés en utilisant une chaîne analogue à celle du système opérationnel de surveillance des crues "Vigicrues-Flash". Les prévisions hydrologiques obtenues par PIAF-EPS ont éte comparées à celle de différents systèmes de prévision déterministe des précipitations, dont PIAF-EPS est issu (le modèle numérique météorologique AROME-PI et le produit déterministe PIAF). La méthode de vérification utilise des scores de tables de contingence et combine les prévisions sur des pixels de 1km2. Cela donne une vision détaillée des performances sur l'ensemble du réseau de rivières incluant celles dépourvues d'observations. Les résultats confirment l'apport de l'ensemble PIAF-EPS par rapport aux approches déterministes considérées ici.

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    Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
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    Authors: Aiello S.; Albert A.; Alves Garre S.; Aly Z.; +206 Authors

    This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmic-ray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by the Moon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 and 6.2 , and an angular resolution of and , respectively, consistent with the prediction of from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S GenT of the Generalitat Valenciana CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/049 CIDEGENT/2021/23 Programa Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities - European Union, NextGenerationEU), Spain Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF) ASFAE/2022/023 ASFAE/2022/014 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco MCIN/AEI PID2021-124591NB-C41 PID2021-124591NB-C42 PID2021-124591NB-C43 Programa Prometeo of the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019 LabEx UnivEarthS, France ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR P18-FR-5057 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund), France Marie Curie Actions European Union (EU) Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT Paris ile-de-France Region, France German Research Foundation (DFG) National Science Centre, Poland ERDF A way of making Europe EU: MSC program 101025085 European Union (EU)

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    European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
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