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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ducruet, César; Polo Martin, Bárbara; Sene, Mame Astou; Lo Prete, Mariantonia; +3 Authors

    International audience; Despite the skyrocketing growth in recent decades of environmental studies on ports and shipping, their local health impacts remain largely under-researched. This article tackles this gap in research by statistically analyzing data on global shipping flows across nearly 5000 ports in 35 OECD countries between 2001 and 2018. The different traffic types, from containers to bulk and passengers, are analyzed jointly with data on natural conditions, air pollution, socio-economic indicators, and public health. The principal results show that port regions pollute more than non-port regions on average, while health impacts vary according to the size and specialization of the port region. Three types of port regions are clearly differentiated: industrial, intermediate, and metropolitan port regions.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    Authors: Perrichon, Rémi; Gendre, Xavier; Klein, Thierry;

    The use of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in segmenting flight phases is a compelling approach with significant implications for aviation and aerospace research. It leverages the temporal sequences of flight data to delineate various phases of an aircraft’s journey, making it a valuable tool for enhancing the anal- ysis of flight performance and safety. In this work, we implement a multivariate HMM to identify 6 flight phases: taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, approach and rollout. We reach a median global accuracy of about 97% over a sample of several thousand flights with a very low number of decoded unlikely transitions. Regarding several performance metrics, our method is competitive with existing methods in the litera- ture, such as fuzzy logic. Additionally, it provides, for each point of the flight, a probability of belonging to each phase. Even in situations where there are missing values in the data, HMMs remain effective, ensuring that no critical information is lost during the segmentation process. We show that HMMs work seamlessly with the fine granularity of Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data. HMMs offer remarkable flex- ibility and adaptability, proving particularly effective when the number or order of phases is unknown or not predetermined, as is often the case with complex flight scenarios such as helicopter flights. This adaptability is crucial for handling the diverse range of flight operations that differ from one aircraft to another. An example is given with the segmentation of an Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) helicopter flight operated by the Swedish National Police.

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    https://doi.org/10.59490/joas....
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.59490/joas....
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Louis Bouvier; Guillaume Dalle; Axel Parmentier; Thibaut Vidal;

    This paper is the fruit of a partnership with Renault. Their reverse logistic requires solving a continent-scale multiattribute inventory routing problem (IRP). With an average of 30 commodities, 16 depots, and 600 customers spread across a continent, our instances are orders of magnitude larger than those in the literature. Existing algorithms do not scale, so we propose a large neighborhood search (LNS). To make it work, (1) we generalize existing split delivery vehicle routing problems and IRP neighborhoods to this context, (2) we turn a state-of-the-art matheuristic for medium-scale IRP into a large neighborhood, and (3) we introduce two novel perturbations: the reinsertion of a customer and that of a commodity into the IRP solution. We also derive a new lower bound based on a flow relaxation. In order to stimulate the research on large-scale IRP, we introduce a library of industrial instances. We benchmark our algorithms on these instances and make our code open source. Extensive numerical experiments highlight the relevance of each component of our LNS. Funding: This work was supported by Renault Group. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0342 .

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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2022
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    Transportation Science; PolyPublie
    Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2022
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      Other literature type . 2022
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      Transportation Science; PolyPublie
      Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Lucas Javaudin; Andrea Araldo; André de Palma;

    International audience; We consider a regulator driving individual choices towards increasing social welfare by providing personal incentives. We formalize and solve this problem by maximizing social welfare under a budget constraint. The personalized incentives depend on the alternatives available to each individual and on her preferences. A polynomial time approximation algorithm computes a policy within few seconds. We analytically prove that it is boundedly close to the optimum. We efficiently calculate the curve of social welfare achievable for each value of budget within a given range. This curve can be useful for the regulator to decide the appropriate amount of budget to invest. We extend our formulation to enforcement, taxation and non-personalizedincentive policies. We analytically show that our personalized-incentive policy is also optimal within this class of policies and construct close-to-optimal enforcement and proportional tax-subsidy policies. We then compare analytically and numerically our policy with other state-of-the-art policies. Finally, we simulate a large-scale application to mode choice to reduce CO2 emissions.

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    Transportmetrica A Transport Science
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Transportmetrica A Transport Science
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fandio, Cédric; Vezinaud, Nathan; Zembri-Mary, Geneviève; Krim, Hanane;

    Cet article examine deux études de cas, la région du Béarn en France et le canton du Jura en Suisse, pour étudier comment la planification urbaine et le transport ferroviaire sont coordonnés dans les zones de faible densité de population. Notre objectif est de comprendre comment cette coordination est réalisée, quelles sont les démarches des acteurs locaux et comment ils mettent en œuvre cette stratégie. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur des analyses bibliographiques, des documents d'urbanisme et des informations recueillies lors d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès d'élus, de personnels des collectivités locales, d'associations et de spécialistes dans les deux zones d'étude retenues. A l'aide d'une grille d'analyse basée sur les grandes théories de la gouvernance, notre objectif est de mettre en évidence les outils d'action publique mis en œuvre pour répondre aux enjeux singuliers des territoires de faible densité. Selon notre hypothèse, nous pensons qu'une stratégie partenariale incluant différents acteurs publics et commerciaux conduit à l'appropriation des politiques de planification urbaine et de coordination des transports ferroviaires. Cependant, le degré de participation et de coordination peut fluctuer d'une région à l'autre. De plus, dans ces territoires peu denses, les acteurs locaux mobilisent quatre principaux leviers d'actions publiques : renforcer l'attractivité des gares et la densification des quartiers de gare, améliorer l’offre ferroviaire et l'intermodalité, améliorer la gouvernance, et encourager les projets de territoire en lien avec l'axe ferroviaire. This paper examines two case studies; the B ́earn region in France and the canton of Jura in Switzerland, to investigate how urban planning and rail transportation are coordinated in sparsely populated areas. Our goal is to comprehend how this coordination is carried out, what steps local actors take, and how they implement this strategy. To achieve this, we use bibliographical analyses, urban planning papers, and information gathered from semi-directive interviews with elected officials, local government personnel, associations, and specialists in the two study areas that were chosen. Employing an analysis grid based on important theories of governance, our aim is to highlight the public action tools used to meet the unique issues of low-density territories. According to our hy- pothesis, we think that a partnership strategy including various public and commercial actors leads to the appropriation of urban planning and rail transport coordination policies. However, the degree of participation and coordination may fluctuate between various regions. Additionally, in these sparsely populated locations, native performers use four basic pil- lars of action: boosting station appeal and station quarter densification, enhancing rail service and intermodality, enhancing governance, and en- couraging projects in the vicinity of the rail axis.

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    Authors: Nicolas Metzl; Jonathan Fin; Claire Lo Monaco; Claude Mignon; +30 Authors

    Total alkalinity (AT) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties to understand the ocean carbon cycle and its link with climate change (ocean carbon sinks and sources) or global change (ocean acidification). We present a data-base of more than 44 400 AT and CT observations in various ocean regions obtained since 1993 mainly in the frame of French projects. This includes both surface and water columns data acquired in open oceans, coastal zones and in the Mediterranean Sea and either from time-series or punctual cruises. Most AT and CT data in this synthesis were measured from discrete samples using the same closed-cell potentiometric titration calibrated with Certified Reference Material, with an overall accuracy of ± 4 µmol kg-1 for both AT and CT. Given the lack of observations in the Indian and Southern Oceans, we added sea surface underway AT and CT data obtained in 1998–2018 in the frame of OISO cruises and in 2019 during the CLIM-EPARSES cruise measured onboard using the same technique. Separate datasets for the global ocean, and for the Mediterranean Sea are provided in a single format (https://doi.org/10.17882/95414, Metzl et al., 2023) that offers a direct use for regional or global purposes, e.g. AT/Salinity relationships, long-term CT estimates, constraint and validation of diagnostics CT-AT reconstructed fields or ocean carbon and coupled climate/carbon models simulations, as well as data derived from BG-ARGO floats. When associated with other properties, these data can also be used to calculate pH, fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and other carbon systems properties to derive ocean acidification rates or air-sea CO2 fluxes.

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Julie Bayle-Cordier; Loïc Berger; Rayan Elatmani; Massimo Tavoni;

    International audience; Mindfulness practices have the potential to induce the cognitive and behavioral changes needed to foster pro-environmental behavior and increase support toward sustainable and climate-oriented policies. However, the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of meditation on sustainable behavior is limited and mostly confined to correlational studies, often based on the same type of mindfulness interventions. In this paper, we report the results of an online experiment (n = 1000) comparing the impact of three different short-term mindfulness interventions on various (self-reported and incentivized) measures of mindfulness state and sustainable behavior. While only one of our interventions is found to impact environmental attitude and climate policy support directly, we show that the three meditation practices indirectly foster sustainable behavior through preidentified mediators. These results are relevant for organizations and policymakers who seek to foster climate policy support and environmental attitudes in their stakeholders.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Andreas Oschlies; Lennart T. Bach; Rosalind E. M. Rickaby; Terre Satterfield; +2 Authors

    Abstract. The Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 ∘C requires the ambitious reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the balancing of remaining emissions through carbon sinks (i.e., the deployment of carbon dioxide removal or CDR). While ambitious climate mitigation scenarios until now primarily consider land-based CDR methods, there is growing concern about their potential to deliver sufficient CDR, and marine CDR options are receiving more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. However, the knowledge base is insufficient for a robust assessment of its practical feasibility, of its side effects, social and governance aspects, and monitoring and verification issues. A number of research efforts aims to improve this in a timely manner. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as a marine CDR method and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research best practices guide.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-202...
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    Authors: Siyu Chen; Ravi Seshadri; Carlos Lima Azevedo; Arun P. Akkinepally; +4 Authors

    International audience; Tradable mobility credit (TMC) schemes are an approach to travel demand management that have received significant attention in recent years. This paper proposes and analyzes alternative market models for a TMC system -- focusing on market design aspects such as allocation/expiration of tokens, rules governing trading, transaction fees, and regulator intervention -- and develops a methodology to explicitly model the dis-aggregate behavior of individuals within the market. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted within a combined mode and departure time context for the morning commute problem to compare the performance of the alternative designs relative to congestion pricing and a no-control scenario. The simulation experiments employ a day-to-day assignment framework wherein transportation demand is modeled using a logit-mixture model with income effects and supply is modeled using a standard bottleneck model. The results indicate that small fixed transaction fees can effectively mitigate undesirable behavior in the market without a significant loss in efficiency (total welfare) whereas proportional transaction fees are less effective both in terms of efficiency and in avoiding undesirable market behavior. Further, an allocation of tokens in continuous time can be beneficial in dealing with non-recurrent events and avoiding concentrated trading activity. In the presence of income effects, despite small fixed transaction fees, the TMC system yields a marginally higher social welfare than congestion pricing while attaining revenue neutrality. Further, it is more robust in the presence of forecasting errors and non-recurrent events due to the adaptiveness of the market. Finally, as expected, the TMC scheme is more equitable (when revenues from congestion pricing are not redistributed) although it is not guaranteed to be Pareto-improving when tokens are distributed equally.

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    Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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      Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Calabro, G; Araldo, A; Oh, S; Seshadri, R; +2 Authors

    In most cities, transit consists solely of fixed-route transportation, whence the inherent limited Quality of Service for travellers in suburban areas and during off-peak periods. On the other hand, completely replacing fixed-route (FR) with demand-responsive (DR) transit would imply a huge operational cost. It is still unclear how to integrate DR transportation into current transit systems to take full advantage of it. We propose a Continuous Approximation model of a transit system that gets the best from fixed-route and DR transportation. Our model allows deciding whether to deploy a FR or a DR feeder, in each sub-region of an urban conurbation and each time of day, and to redesign the line frequencies and the stop spacing of the main trunk service. Since such a transit design can adapt to the spatial and temporal variation of the demand, we call it Adaptive Transit. Numerical results show that, with respect to conventional transit, Adaptive Transit significantly improves user-related cost, by drastically reducing access time to the main trunk service. Such benefits are particularly remarkable in the suburbs. Moreover, the generalized cost, including agency and user cost, is also reduced. These findings are also confirmed in scenarios with automated vehicles. Our model can assist in planning future-generation transit systems, able to improve urban mobility by appropriately combining fixed and DR transportation. Comment: 57 pages, 13 figures

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    Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ducruet, César; Polo Martin, Bárbara; Sene, Mame Astou; Lo Prete, Mariantonia; +3 Authors

    International audience; Despite the skyrocketing growth in recent decades of environmental studies on ports and shipping, their local health impacts remain largely under-researched. This article tackles this gap in research by statistically analyzing data on global shipping flows across nearly 5000 ports in 35 OECD countries between 2001 and 2018. The different traffic types, from containers to bulk and passengers, are analyzed jointly with data on natural conditions, air pollution, socio-economic indicators, and public health. The principal results show that port regions pollute more than non-port regions on average, while health impacts vary according to the size and specialization of the port region. Three types of port regions are clearly differentiated: industrial, intermediate, and metropolitan port regions.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
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    Authors: Perrichon, Rémi; Gendre, Xavier; Klein, Thierry;

    The use of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in segmenting flight phases is a compelling approach with significant implications for aviation and aerospace research. It leverages the temporal sequences of flight data to delineate various phases of an aircraft’s journey, making it a valuable tool for enhancing the anal- ysis of flight performance and safety. In this work, we implement a multivariate HMM to identify 6 flight phases: taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, approach and rollout. We reach a median global accuracy of about 97% over a sample of several thousand flights with a very low number of decoded unlikely transitions. Regarding several performance metrics, our method is competitive with existing methods in the litera- ture, such as fuzzy logic. Additionally, it provides, for each point of the flight, a probability of belonging to each phase. Even in situations where there are missing values in the data, HMMs remain effective, ensuring that no critical information is lost during the segmentation process. We show that HMMs work seamlessly with the fine granularity of Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data. HMMs offer remarkable flex- ibility and adaptability, proving particularly effective when the number or order of phases is unknown or not predetermined, as is often the case with complex flight scenarios such as helicopter flights. This adaptability is crucial for handling the diverse range of flight operations that differ from one aircraft to another. An example is given with the segmentation of an Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) helicopter flight operated by the Swedish National Police.

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    https://doi.org/10.59490/joas....
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    Authors: Louis Bouvier; Guillaume Dalle; Axel Parmentier; Thibaut Vidal;

    This paper is the fruit of a partnership with Renault. Their reverse logistic requires solving a continent-scale multiattribute inventory routing problem (IRP). With an average of 30 commodities, 16 depots, and 600 customers spread across a continent, our instances are orders of magnitude larger than those in the literature. Existing algorithms do not scale, so we propose a large neighborhood search (LNS). To make it work, (1) we generalize existing split delivery vehicle routing problems and IRP neighborhoods to this context, (2) we turn a state-of-the-art matheuristic for medium-scale IRP into a large neighborhood, and (3) we introduce two novel perturbations: the reinsertion of a customer and that of a commodity into the IRP solution. We also derive a new lower bound based on a flow relaxation. In order to stimulate the research on large-scale IRP, we introduce a library of industrial instances. We benchmark our algorithms on these instances and make our code open source. Extensive numerical experiments highlight the relevance of each component of our LNS. Funding: This work was supported by Renault Group. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0342 .

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    Transportation Science; PolyPublie
    Other literature type . Article . 2024 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Transportation Science; PolyPublie
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    Authors: Lucas Javaudin; Andrea Araldo; André de Palma;

    International audience; We consider a regulator driving individual choices towards increasing social welfare by providing personal incentives. We formalize and solve this problem by maximizing social welfare under a budget constraint. The personalized incentives depend on the alternatives available to each individual and on her preferences. A polynomial time approximation algorithm computes a policy within few seconds. We analytically prove that it is boundedly close to the optimum. We efficiently calculate the curve of social welfare achievable for each value of budget within a given range. This curve can be useful for the regulator to decide the appropriate amount of budget to invest. We extend our formulation to enforcement, taxation and non-personalizedincentive policies. We analytically show that our personalized-incentive policy is also optimal within this class of policies and construct close-to-optimal enforcement and proportional tax-subsidy policies. We then compare analytically and numerically our policy with other state-of-the-art policies. Finally, we simulate a large-scale application to mode choice to reduce CO2 emissions.

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    Transportmetrica A Transport Science
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      Transportmetrica A Transport Science
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Fandio, Cédric; Vezinaud, Nathan; Zembri-Mary, Geneviève; Krim, Hanane;

    Cet article examine deux études de cas, la région du Béarn en France et le canton du Jura en Suisse, pour étudier comment la planification urbaine et le transport ferroviaire sont coordonnés dans les zones de faible densité de population. Notre objectif est de comprendre comment cette coordination est réalisée, quelles sont les démarches des acteurs locaux et comment ils mettent en œuvre cette stratégie. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur des analyses bibliographiques, des documents d'urbanisme et des informations recueillies lors d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès d'élus, de personnels des collectivités locales, d'associations et de spécialistes dans les deux zones d'étude retenues. A l'aide d'une grille d'analyse basée sur les grandes théories de la gouvernance, notre objectif est de mettre en évidence les outils d'action publique mis en œuvre pour répondre aux enjeux singuliers des territoires de faible densité. Selon notre hypothèse, nous pensons qu'une stratégie partenariale incluant différents acteurs publics et commerciaux conduit à l'appropriation des politiques de planification urbaine et de coordination des transports ferroviaires. Cependant, le degré de participation et de coordination peut fluctuer d'une région à l'autre. De plus, dans ces territoires peu denses, les acteurs locaux mobilisent quatre principaux leviers d'actions publiques : renforcer l'attractivité des gares et la densification des quartiers de gare, améliorer l’offre ferroviaire et l'intermodalité, améliorer la gouvernance, et encourager les projets de territoire en lien avec l'axe ferroviaire. This paper examines two case studies; the B ́earn region in France and the canton of Jura in Switzerland, to investigate how urban planning and rail transportation are coordinated in sparsely populated areas. Our goal is to comprehend how this coordination is carried out, what steps local actors take, and how they implement this strategy. To achieve this, we use bibliographical analyses, urban planning papers, and information gathered from semi-directive interviews with elected officials, local government personnel, associations, and specialists in the two study areas that were chosen. Employing an analysis grid based on important theories of governance, our aim is to highlight the public action tools used to meet the unique issues of low-density territories. According to our hy- pothesis, we think that a partnership strategy including various public and commercial actors leads to the appropriation of urban planning and rail transport coordination policies. However, the degree of participation and coordination may fluctuate between various regions. Additionally, in these sparsely populated locations, native performers use four basic pil- lars of action: boosting station appeal and station quarter densification, enhancing rail service and intermodality, enhancing governance, and en- couraging projects in the vicinity of the rail axis.

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    Authors: Nicolas Metzl; Jonathan Fin; Claire Lo Monaco; Claude Mignon; +30 Authors

    Total alkalinity (AT) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties to understand the ocean carbon cycle and its link with climate change (ocean carbon sinks and sources) or global change (ocean acidification). We present a data-base of more than 44 400 AT and CT observations in various ocean regions obtained since 1993 mainly in the frame of French projects. This includes both surface and water columns data acquired in open oceans, coastal zones and in the Mediterranean Sea and either from time-series or punctual cruises. Most AT and CT data in this synthesis were measured from discrete samples using the same closed-cell potentiometric titration calibrated with Certified Reference Material, with an overall accuracy of ± 4 µmol kg-1 for both AT and CT. Given the lack of observations in the Indian and Southern Oceans, we added sea surface underway AT and CT data obtained in 1998–2018 in the frame of OISO cruises and in 2019 during the CLIM-EPARSES cruise measured onboard using the same technique. Separate datasets for the global ocean, and for the Mediterranean Sea are provided in a single format (https://doi.org/10.17882/95414, Metzl et al., 2023) that offers a direct use for regional or global purposes, e.g. AT/Salinity relationships, long-term CT estimates, constraint and validation of diagnostics CT-AT reconstructed fields or ocean carbon and coupled climate/carbon models simulations, as well as data derived from BG-ARGO floats. When associated with other properties, these data can also be used to calculate pH, fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and other carbon systems properties to derive ocean acidification rates or air-sea CO2 fluxes.

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Julie Bayle-Cordier; Loïc Berger; Rayan Elatmani; Massimo Tavoni;

    International audience; Mindfulness practices have the potential to induce the cognitive and behavioral changes needed to foster pro-environmental behavior and increase support toward sustainable and climate-oriented policies. However, the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of meditation on sustainable behavior is limited and mostly confined to correlational studies, often based on the same type of mindfulness interventions. In this paper, we report the results of an online experiment (n = 1000) comparing the impact of three different short-term mindfulness interventions on various (self-reported and incentivized) measures of mindfulness state and sustainable behavior. While only one of our interventions is found to impact environmental attitude and climate policy support directly, we show that the three meditation practices indirectly foster sustainable behavior through preidentified mediators. These results are relevant for organizations and policymakers who seek to foster climate policy support and environmental attitudes in their stakeholders.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Andreas Oschlies; Lennart T. Bach; Rosalind E. M. Rickaby; Terre Satterfield; +2 Authors

    Abstract. The Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 ∘C requires the ambitious reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the balancing of remaining emissions through carbon sinks (i.e., the deployment of carbon dioxide removal or CDR). While ambitious climate mitigation scenarios until now primarily consider land-based CDR methods, there is growing concern about their potential to deliver sufficient CDR, and marine CDR options are receiving more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. However, the knowledge base is insufficient for a robust assessment of its practical feasibility, of its side effects, social and governance aspects, and monitoring and verification issues. A number of research efforts aims to improve this in a timely manner. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as a marine CDR method and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research best practices guide.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-202...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-o...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-202...
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-o...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Siyu Chen; Ravi Seshadri; Carlos Lima Azevedo; Arun P. Akkinepally; +4 Authors

    International audience; Tradable mobility credit (TMC) schemes are an approach to travel demand management that have received significant attention in recent years. This paper proposes and analyzes alternative market models for a TMC system -- focusing on market design aspects such as allocation/expiration of tokens, rules governing trading, transaction fees, and regulator intervention -- and develops a methodology to explicitly model the dis-aggregate behavior of individuals within the market. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted within a combined mode and departure time context for the morning commute problem to compare the performance of the alternative designs relative to congestion pricing and a no-control scenario. The simulation experiments employ a day-to-day assignment framework wherein transportation demand is modeled using a logit-mixture model with income effects and supply is modeled using a standard bottleneck model. The results indicate that small fixed transaction fees can effectively mitigate undesirable behavior in the market without a significant loss in efficiency (total welfare) whereas proportional transaction fees are less effective both in terms of efficiency and in avoiding undesirable market behavior. Further, an allocation of tokens in continuous time can be beneficial in dealing with non-recurrent events and avoiding concentrated trading activity. In the presence of income effects, despite small fixed transaction fees, the TMC system yields a marginally higher social welfare than congestion pricing while attaining revenue neutrality. Further, it is more robust in the presence of forecasting errors and non-recurrent events due to the adaptiveness of the market. Finally, as expected, the TMC scheme is more equitable (when revenues from congestion pricing are not redistributed) although it is not guaranteed to be Pareto-improving when tokens are distributed equally.

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    Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Calabro, G; Araldo, A; Oh, S; Seshadri, R; +2 Authors

    In most cities, transit consists solely of fixed-route transportation, whence the inherent limited Quality of Service for travellers in suburban areas and during off-peak periods. On the other hand, completely replacing fixed-route (FR) with demand-responsive (DR) transit would imply a huge operational cost. It is still unclear how to integrate DR transportation into current transit systems to take full advantage of it. We propose a Continuous Approximation model of a transit system that gets the best from fixed-route and DR transportation. Our model allows deciding whether to deploy a FR or a DR feeder, in each sub-region of an urban conurbation and each time of day, and to redesign the line frequencies and the stop spacing of the main trunk service. Since such a transit design can adapt to the spatial and temporal variation of the demand, we call it Adaptive Transit. Numerical results show that, with respect to conventional transit, Adaptive Transit significantly improves user-related cost, by drastically reducing access time to the main trunk service. Such benefits are particularly remarkable in the suburbs. Moreover, the generalized cost, including agency and user cost, is also reduced. These findings are also confirmed in scenarios with automated vehicles. Our model can assist in planning future-generation transit systems, able to improve urban mobility by appropriately combining fixed and DR transportation. Comment: 57 pages, 13 figures

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    Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.