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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nesseris S.; Sapone D.; Martinelli M.; Camarena D.; +111 Authors

    J.G.B., M.M. and S.N. acknowledge support from the research project PGC2018-094773-B-C32, and the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2016-059. S.N. also acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal program through Grant No. RYC-2014-15843. M.M. also received support from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), with fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690015. D.S. acknowledges financial support from the Fondecyt Regular project number 1200171. The work of CJM was financed by FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987. D.C. thanks CAPES for financial support. V.M. thanks CNPq and FAPES for partial financial support. L.L. was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Professorship grant (No. 170547). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 888258. C.C. is supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Consolidated Grant ST/P000592/1. A.dS. acknowledges support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Investigador FCT Contract No. IF/01135/2015 and POCH/FSE (EC) and in the form of an exploratory project with the same reference. J.P.M. and A.dS. acknowledge support from FCT Projects with references EXPL/FIS-AST/1368/2021, PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017. Z.S. acknowledges support from the IRAP and IN2P3 Lyon computing centers. P.F. received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI19/11690018. I.T. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant ESP2017-89838, and the H2020 programme of the European Commission through grant 776247. The Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Academy of Finland, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, the Danish Space Research Institute, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. [Methods] We considered both currently available data and simulated Euclid and external data products based on a ΛCDM fiducial model, an evolving dark energy model assuming the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parameterization or an inhomogeneous Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi model with a cosmological constant Λ, and carried out two separate but complementary analyses: a machine learning reconstruction of the null tests based on genetic algorithms, and a theory-agnostic parametric approach based on Taylor expansion and binning of the data, in order to avoid assumptions about any particular model. [Results] We find that in combination with external probes, Euclid can improve current constraints on null tests of the ΛCDM by approximately a factor of three when using the machine learning approach and by a further factor of two in the case of the parametric approach. However, we also find that in certain cases, the parametric approach may be biased against or missing some features of models far from ΛCDM. [Conclusions] Our analysis highlights the importance of synergies between Euclid and other surveys. These synergies are crucial for providing tighter constraints over an extended redshift range for a plethora of different consistency tests of some of the main assumptions of the current cosmological paradigm. [Context] The standard cosmological model is based on the fundamental assumptions of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe on large scales. An observational detection of a violation of these assumptions at any redshift would immediately indicate the presence of new physics. [Aims] We quantify the ability of the Euclid mission, together with contemporary surveys, to improve the current sensitivity of null tests of the canonical cosmological constant Λ and the cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model in the redshift range 0 < z < 1.8. Euclid Consortium: S. Nesseris et al. Peer reviewed

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    Astronomy and Astrophysics
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Astronomy and Astrophysics
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: EDP Sciences Copyright and Publication Licensing Policy
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Mischa Knabenhans; Joachim Stadel; Doug Potter; J. Dakin; +130 Authors

    We present a new, updated version of the EuclidEmulator (called EuclidEmulator2), a fast and accurate predictor for the nonlinear correction of the matter power spectrum. Percent-level accurate emulation is now supported in the eight-dimensional parameter space of $w_0w_a$CDM$+\sum m_\nu$models between redshift $z=0$ and $z=3$ for spatial scales within the range 0.01 $h$/Mpc $\leq k \leq$ 10 $h$/Mpc. In order to achieve this level of accuracy, we have had to improve the quality of the underlying N-body simulations used as training data: (1) we use self-consistent linear evolution of non-dark matter species such as massive neutrinos, photons, dark energy and the metric field, (2) we perform the simulations in the so-called N-body gauge, which allows one to interpret the results in the framework of general relativity, (3) we run over 250 high-resolution simulations with $3000^3$ particles in boxes of 1 (Gpc/$h$)${}^3$ volumes based on paired-and-fixed initial conditions and (4) we provide a resolution correction that can be applied to emulated results as a post-processing step in order to drastically reduce systematic biases on small scales due to residual resolution effects in the simulations. We find that the inclusion of the dynamical dark energy parameter $w_a$ significantly increases the complexity and expense of creating the emulator. The high fidelity of EuclidEmulator2 is tested in various comparisons against N-body simulations as well as alternative fast predictors like Halofit, HMCode and CosmicEmu. A blind test is successfully performed against the Euclid Flagship v2.0 simulation. Nonlinear correction factors emulated with EuclidEmulator2 are accurate at the level of 1% or better for 0.01 $h$/Mpc $\leq k \leq$ 10 $h$/Mpc and $z\leq3$ compared to high-resolution dark matter only simulations. EuclidEmulator2 is publicly available at https://github.com/miknab/EuclidEmulator2 . Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS

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    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
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    Preprint . 2020
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    Authors: Gloster, A.T.; Lamnisos, D.; Lubenko, J.; Presti, G.; +32 Authors

    Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. Methods The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9, 565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. Results Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. Conclusions These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

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    DOAJ; PLoS ONE
    Article . 2020
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    Jyväskylä University Digital Archive
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Domicele Jonauskaite; Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek; Ahmad Abu-Akel; Abdulrahman S. Al-Rasheed; +57 Authors

    Across cultures, people associate colours with emotions. Here, we test the hypothesis that one driver of this cross-modal correspondence is the physical environment we live in. We focus on a prime example – the association of yellow with joy, – which conceivably arises because yellow is reminiscent of life-sustaining sunshine and pleasant weather. If so, this association should be especially strong in countries where sunny weather is a rare occurrence. We analysed yellow-joy associations of 6625 participants from 55 countries to investigate how yellow-joy associations varied geographically, climatologically, and seasonally. We assessed the distance to the equator, sunshine, precipitation, and daytime hours. Consistent with our hypotheses, participants who live further away from the equator and in rainier countries are more likely to associate yellow with joy. We did not find associations with seasonal variations. Our findings support a role for the physical environment in shaping the affective meaning of colour. Peer reviewed

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: Ktisis
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    PubliCatt
    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kouis, Panayiotis; Goutaki, Myrofora; Halbeisen, Florian S.; Gioti, Ifigeneia; +31 Authors

    Background Lung resection is a controversial and understudied therapeutic modality in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). We assessed the prevalence of lung resection in PCD across countries and compared disease course in lobectomised and non-lobectomised patients. Methods In the international iPCD cohort, we identified lobectomised and non-lobectomised age and sex-matched PCD patients and compared their characteristics, lung function and BMI cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results Among 2896 patients in the iPCD cohort, 163 from 20 centers (15 countries) underwent lung resection (5.6%). Among adult patients, prevalence of lung resection was 8.9%, demonstrating wide variation among countries. Compared to the rest of the iPCD cohort, lobectomised patients were more often females, older at diagnosis, and more often had situs solitus. In about half of the cases (45.6%) lung resection was performed before presentation to specialized PCD centers for diagnostic work-up. Compared to controls (n = 197), lobectomised patients had lower FVC z-scores (− 2.41 vs − 1.35, p = 0.0001) and FEV1 z-scores (− 2.79 vs − 1.99, p = 0.003) at their first post-lung resection assessment. After surgery, lung function continued to decline at a faster rate in lobectomised patients compared to controls (FVC z-score slope: − 0.037/year Vs − 0.009/year, p = 0.047 and FEV1 z-score slope: − 0.052/year Vs − 0.033/year, p = 0.235), although difference did not reach statistical significance for FEV1. Within cases, females and patients with multiple lobe resections had lower lung function. Conclusions Prevalence of lung resection in PCD varies widely between countries, is often performed before PCD diagnosis and overall is more frequent in patients with delayed diagnosis. After lung resection, compared to controls most lobectomised patients have poorer and continuing decline of lung function despite lung resection. Further studies benefiting from prospective data collection are needed to confirm these findings. Background Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by laterality defects and recurrent respiratory infections [1]. Bronchiectasis may develop already in childhood [2] and it is usually present in most adult PCD patients [3]. Late diagnosis is associated with worse clinical picture, [4,5,6] although even early diagnosis is followed by variable courses of lung function that are not linked to the level of lung function at diagnosis [7]. Management varies considerably between centers, as there are no evidence-based therapeutic guidelines for PCD [8]. Most of the current treatment protocols are extrapolated from Cystic Fibrosis (CF) studies.

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    Article . 2019
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    ZENODO; Respiratory Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Lirias
    Article . 2019
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    Article . 2019
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
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    Respiratory Research
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
    Other literature type . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Serveur académique lausannois
      Article . 2019
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      ZENODO; Respiratory Research
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Lirias
      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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      Respiratory Research
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      https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
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    Authors: Baars, Holger; Ansmann, Albert; Ohneiser, Kevin; Haarig, Moritz; +61 Authors

    International audience; Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22-23 km. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21-23 August 2017 to 0.005-0.03 until 5-10 September and was mainly 0.003-0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001-0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50-200 Mm-1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm-1 (0.5-5 Mm-1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05-0.5 µg m-3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50-500 L-1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5-50 L-1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of -55 ∘C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspherical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15-0.25 (August-September) to values of 0.05-0.10 (October-November) and ∘ N, that ascended from heights of about 18-19 to 22-23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mechanisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures.

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    KITopen
    Article . 2019
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: CNR ExploRA
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
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    https://acp.copernicus.org/art...
    Preprint
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20...
    Preprint . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/100...
    Article . 2019
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      KITopen
      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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      Preprint . 2019
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      https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/100...
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: W. Akhtar; Aleš Hrabec; S. Chouaieb; Angela Haykal; +8 Authors

    We demonstrate room-temperature stabilization of dipolar magnetic skyrmions with diameters in the range of $100$ nm in a single ultrathin layer of the Heusler alloy Co$_2$FeAl (CFA) under moderate magnetic fields. Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in microwires is studied with a scanning Nitrogen-Vacancy magnetometer operating in the photoluminescence quenching mode. We first demonstrate skyrmion nucleation by spin-orbit torque and show that its efficiency can be significantly improved using tilted magnetic fields, an effect which is not specific to Heusler alloys and could be advantageous for future skyrmion-based devices. We then show that current-induced skyrmion motion remains limited by strong pinning effects, even though CFA is a magnetic material with a low magnetic damping parameter. Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

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    Physical Review Applied
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2018
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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      Physical Review Applied
      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Jiyong Wang; Jérémy Butet; Gabriel D. Bernasconi; Anne-Laure Baudrion; +8 Authors

    Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is investigated from three kinds of lithographically fabricated plasmonic systems: Al monomers, Au monomers and Au-Al heterodimers with nanogaps of 20 nm. Spectrally integrated SHG intensities and the linear optical responses are recorded and compared. The results show that for the monomer nanoantennas, the SHG signal depends sensitively on the linear excitation of the plasmon resonance by the fundamental wavelength. For Au-Al heterodimer nanoantennas, apart from fundamental resonant excitation, nonlinear optical factors such as SH driving fields and phase interferences need to be taken into account, which play significant roles at the excitation and scattering stages of SHG radiation. It is interesting to note that a possible energy transfer process could take place between the two constituting nanoparticles (NPs) in the Au-Al heterodimers. Excited at the linear plasmon resonance, the Au NP transfers the absorbed energy from the fundamental field to the nearby Al NP, which efficiently scatters SHG to the far-field, giving rise to an enhanced SHG intensity. The mechanisms reported here provide new approaches to boost the far-field SHG radiation by taking full advantage of strongly coupled plasmonic oscillations and the synergism from materials of different compositions.

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    Nanoscale
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    Nanoscale
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Nanoscale
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    Article . 2019
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      Nanoscale
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Jiyong Wang; Jérémy Butet; Anne-Laure Baudrion; Andreas Horrer; +7 Authors

    International audience; In this article we compare the two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation from single connected gold nanodimers. Analyzing the particle size-dependent nonlinear optical spectra and performing excitation polarization resolved measurements using an experimental setup combining a femtosecond laser source with a parabolic mirror, we show that second harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence have different behaviors despite the same expected fundamental intensity-dependence. For further understanding of the observed phenomena, the plasmon resonances of single nanodimers are investigated using dark-field optical microscopy, and calculations are performed with Green’s tensor method. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms explaining the differences between these two optical processes are investigated using a surface integral equation method for the nonlinear computations. This study reveals that the different trends in the polarization-dependences of two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation with the increasing diameters of the connected discs are due to their distinct physical nature, resulting in specific rules for plasmon enhancement and different coherence properties. Furthermore, this article clearly points out that special care has to be taken when two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation are used to evaluate the amplitudes of electromagnetic hot-spots generated in plasmonic nanostructures.

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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2016
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    Authors: Aureliano Bombarely; Michel Moser; Avichai Moshe Amrad; Manzhu Bao; +53 Authors

    AbstractPetunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Other literature type . Article . 2016
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    Article . 2016
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    Nature Plants
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    http://www.nature.com/articles...
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
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    Article . 2015
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nesseris S.; Sapone D.; Martinelli M.; Camarena D.; +111 Authors

    J.G.B., M.M. and S.N. acknowledge support from the research project PGC2018-094773-B-C32, and the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2016-059. S.N. also acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal program through Grant No. RYC-2014-15843. M.M. also received support from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), with fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690015. D.S. acknowledges financial support from the Fondecyt Regular project number 1200171. The work of CJM was financed by FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987. D.C. thanks CAPES for financial support. V.M. thanks CNPq and FAPES for partial financial support. L.L. was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Professorship grant (No. 170547). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 888258. C.C. is supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Consolidated Grant ST/P000592/1. A.dS. acknowledges support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Investigador FCT Contract No. IF/01135/2015 and POCH/FSE (EC) and in the form of an exploratory project with the same reference. J.P.M. and A.dS. acknowledge support from FCT Projects with references EXPL/FIS-AST/1368/2021, PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017. Z.S. acknowledges support from the IRAP and IN2P3 Lyon computing centers. P.F. received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI19/11690018. I.T. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant ESP2017-89838, and the H2020 programme of the European Commission through grant 776247. The Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Academy of Finland, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, the Danish Space Research Institute, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. [Methods] We considered both currently available data and simulated Euclid and external data products based on a ΛCDM fiducial model, an evolving dark energy model assuming the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parameterization or an inhomogeneous Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi model with a cosmological constant Λ, and carried out two separate but complementary analyses: a machine learning reconstruction of the null tests based on genetic algorithms, and a theory-agnostic parametric approach based on Taylor expansion and binning of the data, in order to avoid assumptions about any particular model. [Results] We find that in combination with external probes, Euclid can improve current constraints on null tests of the ΛCDM by approximately a factor of three when using the machine learning approach and by a further factor of two in the case of the parametric approach. However, we also find that in certain cases, the parametric approach may be biased against or missing some features of models far from ΛCDM. [Conclusions] Our analysis highlights the importance of synergies between Euclid and other surveys. These synergies are crucial for providing tighter constraints over an extended redshift range for a plethora of different consistency tests of some of the main assumptions of the current cosmological paradigm. [Context] The standard cosmological model is based on the fundamental assumptions of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe on large scales. An observational detection of a violation of these assumptions at any redshift would immediately indicate the presence of new physics. [Aims] We quantify the ability of the Euclid mission, together with contemporary surveys, to improve the current sensitivity of null tests of the canonical cosmological constant Λ and the cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model in the redshift range 0 < z < 1.8. Euclid Consortium: S. Nesseris et al. Peer reviewed

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    Astronomy and Astrophysics
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Astronomy and Astrophysics
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: EDP Sciences Copyright and Publication Licensing Policy
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mischa Knabenhans; Joachim Stadel; Doug Potter; J. Dakin; +130 Authors

    We present a new, updated version of the EuclidEmulator (called EuclidEmulator2), a fast and accurate predictor for the nonlinear correction of the matter power spectrum. Percent-level accurate emulation is now supported in the eight-dimensional parameter space of $w_0w_a$CDM$+\sum m_\nu$models between redshift $z=0$ and $z=3$ for spatial scales within the range 0.01 $h$/Mpc $\leq k \leq$ 10 $h$/Mpc. In order to achieve this level of accuracy, we have had to improve the quality of the underlying N-body simulations used as training data: (1) we use self-consistent linear evolution of non-dark matter species such as massive neutrinos, photons, dark energy and the metric field, (2) we perform the simulations in the so-called N-body gauge, which allows one to interpret the results in the framework of general relativity, (3) we run over 250 high-resolution simulations with $3000^3$ particles in boxes of 1 (Gpc/$h$)${}^3$ volumes based on paired-and-fixed initial conditions and (4) we provide a resolution correction that can be applied to emulated results as a post-processing step in order to drastically reduce systematic biases on small scales due to residual resolution effects in the simulations. We find that the inclusion of the dynamical dark energy parameter $w_a$ significantly increases the complexity and expense of creating the emulator. The high fidelity of EuclidEmulator2 is tested in various comparisons against N-body simulations as well as alternative fast predictors like Halofit, HMCode and CosmicEmu. A blind test is successfully performed against the Euclid Flagship v2.0 simulation. Nonlinear correction factors emulated with EuclidEmulator2 are accurate at the level of 1% or better for 0.01 $h$/Mpc $\leq k \leq$ 10 $h$/Mpc and $z\leq3$ compared to high-resolution dark matter only simulations. EuclidEmulator2 is publicly available at https://github.com/miknab/EuclidEmulator2 . Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS

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    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
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    Preprint . 2020
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    Authors: Gloster, A.T.; Lamnisos, D.; Lubenko, J.; Presti, G.; +32 Authors

    Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. Methods The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9, 565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. Results Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. Conclusions These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

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    DOAJ; PLoS ONE
    Article . 2020
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    Jyväskylä University Digital Archive
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Domicele Jonauskaite; Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek; Ahmad Abu-Akel; Abdulrahman S. Al-Rasheed; +57 Authors

    Across cultures, people associate colours with emotions. Here, we test the hypothesis that one driver of this cross-modal correspondence is the physical environment we live in. We focus on a prime example – the association of yellow with joy, – which conceivably arises because yellow is reminiscent of life-sustaining sunshine and pleasant weather. If so, this association should be especially strong in countries where sunny weather is a rare occurrence. We analysed yellow-joy associations of 6625 participants from 55 countries to investigate how yellow-joy associations varied geographically, climatologically, and seasonally. We assessed the distance to the equator, sunshine, precipitation, and daytime hours. Consistent with our hypotheses, participants who live further away from the equator and in rainier countries are more likely to associate yellow with joy. We did not find associations with seasonal variations. Our findings support a role for the physical environment in shaping the affective meaning of colour. Peer reviewed

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    Serveur académique lausannois
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: Ktisis
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    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Kouis, Panayiotis; Goutaki, Myrofora; Halbeisen, Florian S.; Gioti, Ifigeneia; +31 Authors

    Background Lung resection is a controversial and understudied therapeutic modality in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). We assessed the prevalence of lung resection in PCD across countries and compared disease course in lobectomised and non-lobectomised patients. Methods In the international iPCD cohort, we identified lobectomised and non-lobectomised age and sex-matched PCD patients and compared their characteristics, lung function and BMI cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results Among 2896 patients in the iPCD cohort, 163 from 20 centers (15 countries) underwent lung resection (5.6%). Among adult patients, prevalence of lung resection was 8.9%, demonstrating wide variation among countries. Compared to the rest of the iPCD cohort, lobectomised patients were more often females, older at diagnosis, and more often had situs solitus. In about half of the cases (45.6%) lung resection was performed before presentation to specialized PCD centers for diagnostic work-up. Compared to controls (n = 197), lobectomised patients had lower FVC z-scores (− 2.41 vs − 1.35, p = 0.0001) and FEV1 z-scores (− 2.79 vs − 1.99, p = 0.003) at their first post-lung resection assessment. After surgery, lung function continued to decline at a faster rate in lobectomised patients compared to controls (FVC z-score slope: − 0.037/year Vs − 0.009/year, p = 0.047 and FEV1 z-score slope: − 0.052/year Vs − 0.033/year, p = 0.235), although difference did not reach statistical significance for FEV1. Within cases, females and patients with multiple lobe resections had lower lung function. Conclusions Prevalence of lung resection in PCD varies widely between countries, is often performed before PCD diagnosis and overall is more frequent in patients with delayed diagnosis. After lung resection, compared to controls most lobectomised patients have poorer and continuing decline of lung function despite lung resection. Further studies benefiting from prospective data collection are needed to confirm these findings. Background Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by laterality defects and recurrent respiratory infections [1]. Bronchiectasis may develop already in childhood [2] and it is usually present in most adult PCD patients [3]. Late diagnosis is associated with worse clinical picture, [4,5,6] although even early diagnosis is followed by variable courses of lung function that are not linked to the level of lung function at diagnosis [7]. Management varies considerably between centers, as there are no evidence-based therapeutic guidelines for PCD [8]. Most of the current treatment protocols are extrapolated from Cystic Fibrosis (CF) studies.

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    Article . 2019
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    ZENODO; Respiratory Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Lirias
    Article . 2019
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    Article . 2019
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
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    Respiratory Research
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
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      Serveur académique lausannois
      Article . 2019
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      ZENODO; Respiratory Research
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Lirias
      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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      Respiratory Research
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      https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
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    Authors: Baars, Holger; Ansmann, Albert; Ohneiser, Kevin; Haarig, Moritz; +61 Authors

    International audience; Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22-23 km. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21-23 August 2017 to 0.005-0.03 until 5-10 September and was mainly 0.003-0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001-0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50-200 Mm-1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm-1 (0.5-5 Mm-1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05-0.5 µg m-3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50-500 L-1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5-50 L-1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of -55 ∘C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspherical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15-0.25 (August-September) to values of 0.05-0.10 (October-November) and ∘ N, that ascended from heights of about 18-19 to 22-23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mechanisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures.

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    KITopen
    Article . 2019
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2019
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2019
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    https://acp.copernicus.org/art...
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20...
    Preprint . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/100...
    Article . 2019
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      https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/100...
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: W. Akhtar; Aleš Hrabec; S. Chouaieb; Angela Haykal; +8 Authors

    We demonstrate room-temperature stabilization of dipolar magnetic skyrmions with diameters in the range of $100$ nm in a single ultrathin layer of the Heusler alloy Co$_2$FeAl (CFA) under moderate magnetic fields. Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in microwires is studied with a scanning Nitrogen-Vacancy magnetometer operating in the photoluminescence quenching mode. We first demonstrate skyrmion nucleation by spin-orbit torque and show that its efficiency can be significantly improved using tilted magnetic fields, an effect which is not specific to Heusler alloys and could be advantageous for future skyrmion-based devices. We then show that current-induced skyrmion motion remains limited by strong pinning effects, even though CFA is a magnetic material with a low magnetic damping parameter. Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

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    Physical Review Applied
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2018
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      Physical Review Applied
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    Authors: Jiyong Wang; Jérémy Butet; Gabriel D. Bernasconi; Anne-Laure Baudrion; +8 Authors

    Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is investigated from three kinds of lithographically fabricated plasmonic systems: Al monomers, Au monomers and Au-Al heterodimers with nanogaps of 20 nm. Spectrally integrated SHG intensities and the linear optical responses are recorded and compared. The results show that for the monomer nanoantennas, the SHG signal depends sensitively on the linear excitation of the plasmon resonance by the fundamental wavelength. For Au-Al heterodimer nanoantennas, apart from fundamental resonant excitation, nonlinear optical factors such as SH driving fields and phase interferences need to be taken into account, which play significant roles at the excitation and scattering stages of SHG radiation. It is interesting to note that a possible energy transfer process could take place between the two constituting nanoparticles (NPs) in the Au-Al heterodimers. Excited at the linear plasmon resonance, the Au NP transfers the absorbed energy from the fundamental field to the nearby Al NP, which efficiently scatters SHG to the far-field, giving rise to an enhanced SHG intensity. The mechanisms reported here provide new approaches to boost the far-field SHG radiation by taking full advantage of strongly coupled plasmonic oscillations and the synergism from materials of different compositions.

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    Nanoscale
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nanoscale
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Jiyong Wang; Jérémy Butet; Anne-Laure Baudrion; Andreas Horrer; +7 Authors

    International audience; In this article we compare the two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation from single connected gold nanodimers. Analyzing the particle size-dependent nonlinear optical spectra and performing excitation polarization resolved measurements using an experimental setup combining a femtosecond laser source with a parabolic mirror, we show that second harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence have different behaviors despite the same expected fundamental intensity-dependence. For further understanding of the observed phenomena, the plasmon resonances of single nanodimers are investigated using dark-field optical microscopy, and calculations are performed with Green’s tensor method. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms explaining the differences between these two optical processes are investigated using a surface integral equation method for the nonlinear computations. This study reveals that the different trends in the polarization-dependences of two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation with the increasing diameters of the connected discs are due to their distinct physical nature, resulting in specific rules for plasmon enhancement and different coherence properties. Furthermore, this article clearly points out that special care has to be taken when two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation are used to evaluate the amplitudes of electromagnetic hot-spots generated in plasmonic nanostructures.

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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Aureliano Bombarely; Michel Moser; Avichai Moshe Amrad; Manzhu Bao; +53 Authors

    AbstractPetunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Other literature type . Article . 2016
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    Nature Plants
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    http://www.nature.com/articles...
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    https://doi.org/10.7892/boris....
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