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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Meryame Jabbade; Abdellatif Nachab; Elmokhtar Elouardi; Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine; +3 Authors

    Abstract A study of the influence of moisture content on the radon exhalation rate from phosphate samples (with and without consideration of the back diffusion effect) was performed using the sealed cup technique. The mass exhalation rate was found to increase with an increase in moisture content, reaching a maximum value of 2.414 ± 0.034 Bq kg−1 h−1 with a moisture content of 10%. However, the mass exhalation rate decreased with a continued increase in moisture content above 25%. The mass exhalation rate was also measured at different temperatures between −10 and 50°C. The obtained results show that the mass exhalation rate increases linearly with temperature. We point out that all the obtained values of radon exhalation rate are lower than the world average radon exhalation rate (57.6 Bq m−2 h−1).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radiation Protection...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Radiation Protection Dosimetry
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radiation Protection...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Radiation Protection Dosimetry
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Melleton, Jérémie; Pizzocolo, Francesco; Bertrand, Guillaume;

    International audience; The underground holds indispensable resources for European society, but they need a careful management relying on shared knowledge. To address transnational and continental-scale subsurface problems, geoscientific data need to be harmonized beyond national borders.Started in September 2022 for a duration of five years and based on these principles, GSEU has the following objectives:-To develop pan-European harmonised data and related information services with a focus on critical raw materials, geothermal energy resources and subsurface storage capacities for sustainable energy carriers and CO2 sequestration, groundwater dynamics and quality, geological and climate change information for coastal vulnerability assessment and geological baseline information;-To establish the European Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Resource Management to promote the deployment of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) and the United Nations Resource Management System (UNRMS);-To develop the geological data infrastructure - building on the existing EGDI - to provide permanent access to and dissemination of the data and information services developed under the project;-To provide a common European Geological Knowledge Base Platform as the single open access portal to the project results and to the underlying data and information collections and infrastructures of partners at national and regional level;-To further strengthen the network of national and regional geological survey organisations to provide geological knowledge and services in a sustainable manner.

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    Authors: Daviet, Sylvie; Schleyer-Lindenmann, Alexandra; Raynal, Jean-Claude; Batteau, Pierre; +1 Authors

    La trajectoire prise par le Bassin Minier de Provence, situé entre Aix en Provence et Marseille, s’explique par sa longue histoire minière, brutalement interrompue par la fermeture des mines en 2003. Nous approchons cet espace avec une perspective globale, englobant les dimensions sociales, économiques et environnementales de ce socio-écosystème. En conclusion, nous proposons des scénarios d’évolution du territoire et des perspectives de recherche, en soulignant le rôle croissant de la transition énergétique, particulièrement dans le contexte de la reconversion de la centrale thermique au charbon. The trajectory taken by the Provence Coalfield (or Bassin Minier de Provence), located between Aix-en-Provence and Marseille, is explained by its long mining history, disrupted by the closure of the mine in 2003. We approach this space from a global perspective, considering the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the socio-ecosystem. The conclusion puts forward scenarios for the evolution of the territory and the perspectives for research, underlining the growing role of the energy transition, especially in the context of the closure of the coal-fired power plant.

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    Comptes Rendus Géoscience
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.34972/driih...
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    Authors: Casolino, Marco; Parizot, Etienne;

    Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) offer a unique chance to study the universe at energies inaccessible by man-made accelerators. Observations by ground based observatories have clarified several characteristics of these particles, but their origin, nature, and acceleration mechanisms are still unclear, mostly due to their extremely low flux. Space-based observatories have the potential for an increase in statistics, up to several orders of magnitude, and would be able to cover the whole sky, allowing for a direct comparison of spectra and direction of arrival, but the detector design poses several formidable technical challenges. The JEM-EUSO program has been addressing this problem, trying to open the road of space-based UHECR observations. Several missions have already been completed (on the ground: EUSO-TA; with stratospheric ballons: EUSO-Balloon, EUSO-SPB1 and EUSO-SPB2; in space: TUS\cite{Klimov2017}, MINI-EUSO). Others are under study (K-EUSO) or proposed for the next decade (POEMMA)\cite{Olinto_2021}. In this work we report on the status of the JEM-EUSO program and the technology developed so far.

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Battisti, Matteo; Bertaina, Mario; Arnone, Enrico; Sammartino, Gaetano; +1 Authors

    The Mini-EUSO telescope is the first space-based detector of the JEM-EUSO program. It was launched for the International Space Station on August 22$^{nd}$, 2019 to observe from the ISS orbit ($\sim$420 km altitude) various phenomena occurring in the Earth's atmosphere through a UV-transparent window located in the Russian Zvezda Module. The dimension of the window defines and constrains the dimension of the optics, based on a set of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each, almost two orders of magnitude smaller than the system foreseen for a larger space-based detector, like the original JEM-EUSO detector or the future POEMMA. As a consequence, the energy threshold of Mini-EUSO is very high, above $10^{21} $eV. Nevertheless, a series of events that resemble the shape and the time duration of EAS-induced events have been detected in Mini-EUSO data. This contribution presents the most interesting cases, showing that the vast majority of the EAS-like events can be traced back to ground sources repeatedly flashing and triggered many times by Mini-EUSO. Some non-repeated EAS-like events are also present. In these cases, it is possible to exclude their cosmic origin through the comparison with simulated events. Since it is clear that those events can not be originated by a UHECR, we decided to rename them "Short Light Transients" or SLTs. Finally, it was possible to associate some of the SLTs with atmospheric activity. This analysis confirms the validity of the JEM-EUSO detection principle and shows that it is possible for a space-based detector to distinguish between events induced by UHECRs and events with a different origin. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2309.10630

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
    Conference object . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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  • Authors: Cerisy, L; Pedrajas, A.L.; Lastoria, C; Perrin-Terrin, M; +2 Authors

    International audience; One of the main goals of KM3NeT/ORCA is to measure atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters with competitive precision. To achieve this goal, good discrimination between track-like and shower-like events is necessary, with particular focus on the measurement of the tau neutrino normalisation. The track-like signal is mainly carried by muon neutrinos from charged current interactions, while the shower-like signal comes from charged current interactions of electron and tau neutrinos, and neutral current interactions of all flavours. A Random Grid Search algorithm is optimised to separate these channels and its performance is compared with machine learning methods using boosted decision trees. This contribution will report on the technical aspects of the algorithm and the performance of the particle identification with data recorded in 2020 and 2021 using an early six-lines configuration of the ORCA detector (ORCA6).

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    Authors: Federica Bradascio; Felix Aharonian; Faical Ait-Benkhali; Jann Aschersleben; +200 Authors

    The evidence for multi-messenger photon and neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056 has demonstrated the importance of realtime follow-up of neutrino events by various ground- and space-based facilities. The effort of H.E.S.S. and other experiments in coordinating observations to obtain quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength flux and spectrum measurements has been critical in measuring the chance coincidence with the high-energy neutrino event IC-170922A and constraining theoretical models. For about a decade, the H.E.S.S. transient program has included a search for gamma-ray emission associated with high-energy neutrino alerts, looking for gamma-ray activity from known sources and newly detected emitters consistent with the neutrino location. In this contribution, we present an overview of follow-up activities for realtime neutrino alerts with H.E.S.S. in 2021 and 2022. Our analysis includes both public IceCube neutrino alerts and alerts exchanged as part of a joint H.E.S.S.-IceCube program. We focus on interesting coincidences observed with gamma-ray sources, particularly highlighting the significant detection of PKS 0625-35, an AGN previously detected by H.E.S.S., and three IceCube neutrinos. Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023). See arXiv:2307.13047 for all IceCube contributions

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
    Conference object . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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    Authors: Francesco Terranova; F. Acerbi; I. Angelis; L. Bomben; +59 Authors

    International audience; Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision %) and provide information about the neutrino energy at the 10% level. The ENUBET Collaboration has demonstrated that lepton monitoring might be achieved not only by employing kaon decays but also by identifying muons from the decays and positrons from the decay-in-flight of muons before the hadron dump. As a consequence, beam monitoring can be performed using the ENUBET technique even when the kaon production yield is kinematically suppressed. This finding opens up a wealth of opportunities for measuring neutrino cross-sections below 1 GeV. In this paper, we investigate this opportunity at the European Spallation Source (ESS), which is an ideal facility to measure and cross-sections in the 0.2–1 GeV range. We also describe the planned activities for the design of this beam at the ESS within the framework of the ESSSB+ design study, which was approved by the EU in July 2022.

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    https://doi.org/10.3390/psf202...
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      https://doi.org/10.3390/psf202...
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  • Authors: Dolgikh, Konstantin Alexandrovich; Korochkin, A; Rubtsov, G; Semikoz, D; +1 Authors

    International audience; UHECR propagation in a turbulent intergalactic magnetic field in the small-angle scattering regime is well understood for propagation distances much larger than the field coherence scale. The diffusion theory doesn't work and unexpected effects may appear for propagation over smaller distances, from a few and up to 10-20 coherence scales. We study the propagation of UHECRs in this regime, which may be relevant for intermediate mass UHECR nuclei and nG scale intergalactic magnetic fields with 1 Mpc coherence scale. We found that the trajectories form a non-trivial caustic-like pattern with strong deviation from isotropy. In this regime we've found different observable cases of distortions of the source energy spectrum and the images of a source. Thus, measurements of the flux, direction and energy spectrum from a source at a given distance will depend on the position of the observer. In the future, these facts may explain Telescope Array observations.

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  • Authors: Bailly-Salins, Louis;

    International audience; The KM3NeT collaboration operates two water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean sea, ORCA and ARCA. The flux of atmospheric muons produced in cosmic ray air showers forms a background to the main objectives of KM3NeT/ORCA and KM3NeT/ARCA, respectively measuring atmospheric neutrino oscillations and detecting neutrinos from astrophysical sources. A small portion of the atmospheric muons stops inside the detector’s instrumented volume. The stopping muons are 5% of the muons reconstructed using the 6 first strings deployed for ORCA. This still amounts to 1000 events per hour. We present two methods for selecting them, applied on both simulations and data. The first method uses simple cuts on a set of reconstructed variables. The second method uses a machine learning model to classify muons as “stopping” or “crossing”. Both methods allow to reach a high selection purity, close to 95%. Detecting stopping muons can serve many purposes like studying muon decay via the detection of Michel electrons or estimating the flux of atmospheric muons at sea level. This work highlights the accurate reconstruction capabilities of ORCA. The median error on the reconstructed stopping point of selected muons is less than 5 meters, and the median angular deviation is 1° . This is to be compared with the 20 meters horizontal distance between strings and the 9 meters vertical distance between optical modules. Another important result is the excellent agreement between distribution of stopping muons selected in data and in simulations.}

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Meryame Jabbade; Abdellatif Nachab; Elmokhtar Elouardi; Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine; +3 Authors

    Abstract A study of the influence of moisture content on the radon exhalation rate from phosphate samples (with and without consideration of the back diffusion effect) was performed using the sealed cup technique. The mass exhalation rate was found to increase with an increase in moisture content, reaching a maximum value of 2.414 ± 0.034 Bq kg−1 h−1 with a moisture content of 10%. However, the mass exhalation rate decreased with a continued increase in moisture content above 25%. The mass exhalation rate was also measured at different temperatures between −10 and 50°C. The obtained results show that the mass exhalation rate increases linearly with temperature. We point out that all the obtained values of radon exhalation rate are lower than the world average radon exhalation rate (57.6 Bq m−2 h−1).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radiation Protection...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Radiation Protection Dosimetry
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Radiation Protection...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Radiation Protection Dosimetry
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  • Authors: Melleton, Jérémie; Pizzocolo, Francesco; Bertrand, Guillaume;

    International audience; The underground holds indispensable resources for European society, but they need a careful management relying on shared knowledge. To address transnational and continental-scale subsurface problems, geoscientific data need to be harmonized beyond national borders.Started in September 2022 for a duration of five years and based on these principles, GSEU has the following objectives:-To develop pan-European harmonised data and related information services with a focus on critical raw materials, geothermal energy resources and subsurface storage capacities for sustainable energy carriers and CO2 sequestration, groundwater dynamics and quality, geological and climate change information for coastal vulnerability assessment and geological baseline information;-To establish the European Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Resource Management to promote the deployment of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) and the United Nations Resource Management System (UNRMS);-To develop the geological data infrastructure - building on the existing EGDI - to provide permanent access to and dissemination of the data and information services developed under the project;-To provide a common European Geological Knowledge Base Platform as the single open access portal to the project results and to the underlying data and information collections and infrastructures of partners at national and regional level;-To further strengthen the network of national and regional geological survey organisations to provide geological knowledge and services in a sustainable manner.

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    Authors: Daviet, Sylvie; Schleyer-Lindenmann, Alexandra; Raynal, Jean-Claude; Batteau, Pierre; +1 Authors

    La trajectoire prise par le Bassin Minier de Provence, situé entre Aix en Provence et Marseille, s’explique par sa longue histoire minière, brutalement interrompue par la fermeture des mines en 2003. Nous approchons cet espace avec une perspective globale, englobant les dimensions sociales, économiques et environnementales de ce socio-écosystème. En conclusion, nous proposons des scénarios d’évolution du territoire et des perspectives de recherche, en soulignant le rôle croissant de la transition énergétique, particulièrement dans le contexte de la reconversion de la centrale thermique au charbon. The trajectory taken by the Provence Coalfield (or Bassin Minier de Provence), located between Aix-en-Provence and Marseille, is explained by its long mining history, disrupted by the closure of the mine in 2003. We approach this space from a global perspective, considering the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the socio-ecosystem. The conclusion puts forward scenarios for the evolution of the territory and the perspectives for research, underlining the growing role of the energy transition, especially in the context of the closure of the coal-fired power plant.

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    Comptes Rendus Géoscience
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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    https://doi.org/10.34972/driih...
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    Authors: Casolino, Marco; Parizot, Etienne;

    Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) offer a unique chance to study the universe at energies inaccessible by man-made accelerators. Observations by ground based observatories have clarified several characteristics of these particles, but their origin, nature, and acceleration mechanisms are still unclear, mostly due to their extremely low flux. Space-based observatories have the potential for an increase in statistics, up to several orders of magnitude, and would be able to cover the whole sky, allowing for a direct comparison of spectra and direction of arrival, but the detector design poses several formidable technical challenges. The JEM-EUSO program has been addressing this problem, trying to open the road of space-based UHECR observations. Several missions have already been completed (on the ground: EUSO-TA; with stratospheric ballons: EUSO-Balloon, EUSO-SPB1 and EUSO-SPB2; in space: TUS\cite{Klimov2017}, MINI-EUSO). Others are under study (K-EUSO) or proposed for the next decade (POEMMA)\cite{Olinto_2021}. In this work we report on the status of the JEM-EUSO program and the technology developed so far.

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Battisti, Matteo; Bertaina, Mario; Arnone, Enrico; Sammartino, Gaetano; +1 Authors

    The Mini-EUSO telescope is the first space-based detector of the JEM-EUSO program. It was launched for the International Space Station on August 22$^{nd}$, 2019 to observe from the ISS orbit ($\sim$420 km altitude) various phenomena occurring in the Earth's atmosphere through a UV-transparent window located in the Russian Zvezda Module. The dimension of the window defines and constrains the dimension of the optics, based on a set of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each, almost two orders of magnitude smaller than the system foreseen for a larger space-based detector, like the original JEM-EUSO detector or the future POEMMA. As a consequence, the energy threshold of Mini-EUSO is very high, above $10^{21} $eV. Nevertheless, a series of events that resemble the shape and the time duration of EAS-induced events have been detected in Mini-EUSO data. This contribution presents the most interesting cases, showing that the vast majority of the EAS-like events can be traced back to ground sources repeatedly flashing and triggered many times by Mini-EUSO. Some non-repeated EAS-like events are also present. In these cases, it is possible to exclude their cosmic origin through the comparison with simulated events. Since it is clear that those events can not be originated by a UHECR, we decided to rename them "Short Light Transients" or SLTs. Finally, it was possible to associate some of the SLTs with atmospheric activity. This analysis confirms the validity of the JEM-EUSO detection principle and shows that it is possible for a space-based detector to distinguish between events induced by UHECRs and events with a different origin. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2309.10630

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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  • Authors: Cerisy, L; Pedrajas, A.L.; Lastoria, C; Perrin-Terrin, M; +2 Authors

    International audience; One of the main goals of KM3NeT/ORCA is to measure atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters with competitive precision. To achieve this goal, good discrimination between track-like and shower-like events is necessary, with particular focus on the measurement of the tau neutrino normalisation. The track-like signal is mainly carried by muon neutrinos from charged current interactions, while the shower-like signal comes from charged current interactions of electron and tau neutrinos, and neutral current interactions of all flavours. A Random Grid Search algorithm is optimised to separate these channels and its performance is compared with machine learning methods using boosted decision trees. This contribution will report on the technical aspects of the algorithm and the performance of the particle identification with data recorded in 2020 and 2021 using an early six-lines configuration of the ORCA detector (ORCA6).

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    Authors: Federica Bradascio; Felix Aharonian; Faical Ait-Benkhali; Jann Aschersleben; +200 Authors

    The evidence for multi-messenger photon and neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056 has demonstrated the importance of realtime follow-up of neutrino events by various ground- and space-based facilities. The effort of H.E.S.S. and other experiments in coordinating observations to obtain quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength flux and spectrum measurements has been critical in measuring the chance coincidence with the high-energy neutrino event IC-170922A and constraining theoretical models. For about a decade, the H.E.S.S. transient program has included a search for gamma-ray emission associated with high-energy neutrino alerts, looking for gamma-ray activity from known sources and newly detected emitters consistent with the neutrino location. In this contribution, we present an overview of follow-up activities for realtime neutrino alerts with H.E.S.S. in 2021 and 2022. Our analysis includes both public IceCube neutrino alerts and alerts exchanged as part of a joint H.E.S.S.-IceCube program. We focus on interesting coincidences observed with gamma-ray sources, particularly highlighting the significant detection of PKS 0625-35, an AGN previously detected by H.E.S.S., and three IceCube neutrinos. Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023). See arXiv:2307.13047 for all IceCube contributions

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    https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
    Conference object . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444...
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    Authors: Francesco Terranova; F. Acerbi; I. Angelis; L. Bomben; +59 Authors

    International audience; Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision %) and provide information about the neutrino energy at the 10% level. The ENUBET Collaboration has demonstrated that lepton monitoring might be achieved not only by employing kaon decays but also by identifying muons from the decays and positrons from the decay-in-flight of muons before the hadron dump. As a consequence, beam monitoring can be performed using the ENUBET technique even when the kaon production yield is kinematically suppressed. This finding opens up a wealth of opportunities for measuring neutrino cross-sections below 1 GeV. In this paper, we investigate this opportunity at the European Spallation Source (ESS), which is an ideal facility to measure and cross-sections in the 0.2–1 GeV range. We also describe the planned activities for the design of this beam at the ESS within the framework of the ESSSB+ design study, which was approved by the EU in July 2022.

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    https://doi.org/10.3390/psf202...
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      https://doi.org/10.3390/psf202...
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  • Authors: Dolgikh, Konstantin Alexandrovich; Korochkin, A; Rubtsov, G; Semikoz, D; +1 Authors

    International audience; UHECR propagation in a turbulent intergalactic magnetic field in the small-angle scattering regime is well understood for propagation distances much larger than the field coherence scale. The diffusion theory doesn't work and unexpected effects may appear for propagation over smaller distances, from a few and up to 10-20 coherence scales. We study the propagation of UHECRs in this regime, which may be relevant for intermediate mass UHECR nuclei and nG scale intergalactic magnetic fields with 1 Mpc coherence scale. We found that the trajectories form a non-trivial caustic-like pattern with strong deviation from isotropy. In this regime we've found different observable cases of distortions of the source energy spectrum and the images of a source. Thus, measurements of the flux, direction and energy spectrum from a source at a given distance will depend on the position of the observer. In the future, these facts may explain Telescope Array observations.

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  • Authors: Bailly-Salins, Louis;

    International audience; The KM3NeT collaboration operates two water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean sea, ORCA and ARCA. The flux of atmospheric muons produced in cosmic ray air showers forms a background to the main objectives of KM3NeT/ORCA and KM3NeT/ARCA, respectively measuring atmospheric neutrino oscillations and detecting neutrinos from astrophysical sources. A small portion of the atmospheric muons stops inside the detector’s instrumented volume. The stopping muons are 5% of the muons reconstructed using the 6 first strings deployed for ORCA. This still amounts to 1000 events per hour. We present two methods for selecting them, applied on both simulations and data. The first method uses simple cuts on a set of reconstructed variables. The second method uses a machine learning model to classify muons as “stopping” or “crossing”. Both methods allow to reach a high selection purity, close to 95%. Detecting stopping muons can serve many purposes like studying muon decay via the detection of Michel electrons or estimating the flux of atmospheric muons at sea level. This work highlights the accurate reconstruction capabilities of ORCA. The median error on the reconstructed stopping point of selected muons is less than 5 meters, and the median angular deviation is 1° . This is to be compared with the 20 meters horizontal distance between strings and the 9 meters vertical distance between optical modules. Another important result is the excellent agreement between distribution of stopping muons selected in data and in simulations.}

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