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  • EDIH Adria
  • 2017-2021
  • Publications
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Makhlouf, Karima; Zhioua, Sami; Palamidessi, Catuscia;

    International audience; Fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that Machine Learning (ML) predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity of viewing the concept of fairness, several notions of fairness have been introduced in the literature. This paper is a survey that illustrates the subtleties between fairness notions through a large number of examples and scenarios. In addition, unlike other surveys in the literature, it addresses the question of “which notion of fairness is most suited to a given real-world scenario and why?”. Our attempt to answer this question consists in (1) identifying the set of fairness-related characteristics of the real-world scenario at hand, (2) analyzing the behavior of each fairness notion, and then (3) fitting these two elements to recommend the most suitable fairness notion in every specific setup. The results are summarized in a decision diagram that can be used by practitioners and policy makers to navigate the relatively large catalog of ML fairness notions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Information Processing & Management
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Information Processing & Management
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2020
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Simone Fischer-Hübner; Cristina Alcaraz; Afonso Ferreira; Carmen Fernandez-Gago; +4 Authors

    This article presents an overview and analysis of the key cybersecurity problems, challenges and requirements to be addressed in the future, which we derived through 63 interviews with European stakeholders from security-critical sectors including Open Banking, Supply Chain, Privacy-preserving Identity Management, Security Incident Reporting, Maritime Transport, Medical Data Exchange, and Smart Cities. We show that common problems, challenges and requirements across these sectors exist in relation to building trust, implementing privacy and identity management including secure and useable authentication, building resilient systems, standardisation and certification, achieving security and privacy by design, secure and privacy-compliant data and information sharing, and government regulations. Our results also indicate cybersecurity trends and allow to derive directions for future research and innovation activities that will be of high importance for Europe. CyberSec4Europe

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Information Security and Applications
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Meritxell Vinyals;

    International audience; With the recent approval of energy directives (e.g. the EU Clean Energy Package) that state the rights and obligations of Local Energy Communities (LECs), time had come for smart grid technologies to show that they can comply with the complexity of the new regulatory environment when optimising LEC energy exchanges. This paper meets this challenge by modelling LECs operation by means of a novel energy coordination network that satisfies all stated requirements, such as the right of each community member of selecting their own supplier and the subsequent need of independent metering. The optimisation of the community is decentralised among a set of autonomous computational entities (a.k.a. agents), achieving scalability, and orchestrated via an agent interaction protocol based on the well-known Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) that keeps the preferences and cost structures of prosumers private. The approach is validated via extensive simulations using a dataset based on real data related to an existing energy grid in Cardiff (UK). Empirical results show that by optimising the use of prosumers' flexible resources to maximise the share of PV self-generated energy at community level our approach achieves higher community self-consumption ratios (up to 59% increment) and significantly reduces prosumer energy bills (589£/month additional reduction expected on summer months) w.r.t. optimising houses individually.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Niki Baccile; Ghazi Ben Messaoud; Patrick Le Griel; Nathan Cowieson; +5 Authors

    Nanofibers are an interesting phase into which amphiphilic molecules can self-assemble. Described for a large number of synthetic lipids, they were seldom reported for natural lipids like microbial amphiphiles, known as biosurfactants. In this work, we show that the palmitic acid congener of sophorolipids (SLC16:0), one of the most studied families of biosurfactants, spontaneously forms a self-assembled fiber network (SAFiN) at pH below 6 through a pH jump process. pH-resolved in-situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) shows a continuous micelle-to-fiber transition, characterized by an enhanced core-shell contrast between pH 9 and pH 7 and micellar fusion into flat membrane between pH 7 and pH 6, approximately. Below pH 6, homogeneous, infinitely long nanofibers form by peeling off the membranes. Eventually, the nanofiber network spontaneously forms a thixotropic hydrogel with fast recovery rates after applying an oscillatory strain amplitude out of the linear viscoelastic regime (LVER): after being submitted to strain amplitudes during 5 min, the hydrogel recovers about 80% and 100% of its initial elastic modulus after, respectively, 20 s and 10 min. Finally, the strength of the hydrogel depends on the medium's final pH, with an elastic modulus fivefold higher at pH 3 than at pH 6. Comment: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A (1887--1895), Royal Society, The, In press

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Philosophical Transa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tobias M. Meißner; Ceyhun Oskay; Alexander Bonk; Benjamin Grégoire; +3 Authors

    International audience; Molten salt corrosion in the receiver's piping system and storage tanks is still one of the major drawbacks of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants and is currently covered by using expensive high-alloyed steels or Ni-base alloys. The employment of cheaper structural materials combined with protective coatings is an attractive alternative to increase cost-efficiency. The present study investigates the corrosion resistance of three different coatings (a pure Ni, a Cr and a combined Ni + Cr coating) deposited on ferritic-martensitic X20CrMoV12-1 steel during isothermal immersion in molten solar salt in comparison to uncoated Ni-base alloy Haynes 230. Exposure tests were conducted at 600 °C for up to 1000 h. To identify the individual role of the main elements, exposure tests of pure Fe, Ni and Cr were undertaken as well. In addition to the cross-sectional investigations via light-optical microscopy and EPMA, X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to identify the corrosion products. These were complemented by weight change measurements and chemical analysis of the salts after the exposure tests. The study reveals differences between the corrosion behaviour of the different coating approaches, which is discussed as a function of coating composition and degradation mechanisms. Whereas pure Cr or pure Ni coatings offer hardly any improved protection of the uncoated X20CrMoV12-1 substrate, the combined Ni + Cr coating performs very well and improves the scaling behaviour of X20CrMoV12-1 significantly. The outcome highlights the correlation between the solubility of the pure metals Fe, Ni and Cr in molten solar salt and the corrosion resistance of the investigated coatings.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Solar Energy Materia...arrow_drop_down
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    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells; DLR publication server
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2021
    Data sources: HAL Descartes
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Solar Energy Materia...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells; DLR publication server
      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      HAL Descartes
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Stefano Targetti; Lena Schaller; Jochen Kantelhardt;

    International audience; In Europe, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of agriculture have stimulated the development of more efficient governance options to be included in, or to complement, current agri-environmental policies. However, a significant hurdle for the implementation of enhanced policy tools is the difficult adaptation of promising approaches, such as collective contracts and private-based payments for environmental services, to the locally specific, socio-economic and institutional contexts of different European regions. In this study, we apply a participatory approach based on the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping technique, in assessing different policy mechanisms, including improved monetary incentives and the potential for an enhanced design of agricultural landscape governance. Our analysis specifically assesses the interactions between rural society, public goods and policies under different, locally relevant economic and social scenarios. The study is carried out in the Marchfeld, an intensive agriculture case-study area in Eastern Austria, which features a number of environmental problems. The work is based on a two-year-long process including focus groups, mind mapping and scenario co-development, as well as individual interviews with local stakeholders. The results show that integrating private or public, collective or performance-orientated monetary incentives with other non-monetary mechanisms like farmers’ partnerships or enhanced awareness building are evaluated as central to an effective agri-environmental governance system. Moreover, the results highlight that different futures have major effects on the effectiveness of mechanisms: in a purely market-driven context, tools based on collaborations among farmers are likely to be ineffective and monetary incentives are less efficient. On the other hand, positive social pressures and the influence of non-monetary governance initiatives expected in a sustainability-driven scenario are able to catalyse an efficient adoption of environmental-friendly practices, also at lower monetary rates. Based on the results, we discuss the problem of public goods in agricultural landscapes, and the relevance of such ancillary factors as social infrastructure, awareness and marketing, in supporting the effectiveness and feasibility of public-goods ‘governance’.

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    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Osseni, Abdel Fawaz; Bareille, François; Dupraz, Pierre;

    International audience; Harmful algal bloom (HAB) pollution is a major environmental threat worldwide. This is the case in Brittany, where approximately half of the coastal municipalities has been polluted in the two last decades. This pollution affects the welfare of the population by decreasing the accessibility of beaches for several professional and recreational users (anglers, walkers, joggers, etc.). Here, we estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce HAB pollution levels using the hedonic pricing method for the particular case of the Breton rural housing market between 2010 and 2012. We found that, on average, residents that were located 20 km from a polluted beach were willing to pay approximately 208€/inhabitant/year to reduce HABs to the minimal observed levels on Breton seacoasts. This estimate controlled for three sources of identified potential biases biathat may affect the quality of the estimation: the agricultural characteristics of upstream watersheds, the spatial unobserved heterogeneity and the adjacency effects. Indeed, the estimated WTP was 18% to 46% higher than the WTP that was estimated with a nonspatialized econometric model that did not account for these features. In particular, the adjacency effect on house prices due to housing market functioning explained one-third of the total effect. This study illustrates the importance of using suitable econometric specifications when applying revealed preference estimations to house prices.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Land Use Policyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Land Use Policyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Land Use Policy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Paul Ortiz; Sylvain Kubler; Eric Rondeau; Jean-Philippe Georges; +2 Authors

    Abstract The residential sector accounts for 30 % of the total green house gas emissions in Europe, which can be reduced either by switching to low-carbon technologies or reducing the amount of fossil fuel energy consumed. In this work, a new greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) reduction system at the house (nanogrid) level is investigated. The originality of the proposed system and underlying algorithm lies in the fact that it acts in a proactive manner, by continuously controlling and optimizing energy flows between on-site local power production systems (photovoltaics - PV - array in our case), loads, and storage units (combining battery and thermal storage reservoirs). This system/algorithm is evaluated based on real-life input datasets from the United Kingdom (UK) and France, and compared with traditional house energy infrastructures, namely (i) a house not fitted with battery, and (ii) a house fitted with battery but without additional “smart” software layer. Results show that it performs better in terms of CO2 (capacity of the algorithm to reduce the amount of non carbon-free energy consumed from the grid), Power to Grid (capacity to maximize the use of local green energy), and financial cost (capacity to reduce the overall electricity bill), respectively improving performance by up to 8 % , 10 % and 37 % .

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggre...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brandstetter, Christoph; Ottavy, Xavier; Paoletti, Benoît; Stapelfeldt, Sina;

    Abstract Unsteady aerodynamic phenomena appearing close to the stall boundary in axial fans and compressors have been the subject of extensive investigations. A particular phenomenon known as “rotating instabilities” typically occurs in the tip region at highly loaded conditions and is often linked to blade vibrations. During rig and engine testing, it is usually identified by the characteristic shape of its pressure spectra. In the 1990s, this shape has been explained as the result of a circumferentially propagating disturbance, which is unsteady in a frame of reference rotating with the disturbance. In this analysis, conclusions regarding its propagation speed and frequency have been made based on the analysis of spectral peaks, and this method is still often used to classify unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. However, in high subsonic and transonic machines, where aeroacoustic and aeroelastic phenomena interact with aerodynamic disturbances, the interpretation of measurements using spectra alone is challenging. The present article aims to demonstrate the difficulties and subtleties associated with the analysis of measurement signals, which need to be overcome to correctly interpret stall precursor signatures. At the example of a recent investigation on a composite fan, the consequences of sensor placement and postprocessing techniques are discussed with a focus on spectral averaging, isolation of non-synchronous phenomena, and multisensor cross correlation methods. It is seen that the interpretation of phenomena based solely on spectral peaks and their spacing can be misleading and that the characteristic features of a rotating instability spectrum do not require an unstable pulsating disturbance.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fridman, Emil; Álvarez Velarde, Francisco; Romojaro Otero, Pablo; Tsige-Tamirat, Haile; +11 Authors

    Abstract In the framework of the Horizon 2020 project ESFR-SMART (2017–2021), the European sodium fast reactor (ESFR) core was updated through a safety-related modification and optimization of the core design from the earlier FP7 CP-ESFR project (2009–2013). This study is dedicated to neutronic analyses of the improved ESFR core design. The conducted work is reported in two parts. Part I deals with the evaluation of the safety-related neutronic parameters of the fresh beginning-of-life (BOL) core carried out by eight organizations using both continuous energy Monte Carlo and deterministic computer codes. In addition to the neutronics characterization of the core, a special emphasis was put on the calibration and verification of the computational tools involved in the analyses. Part II is devoted to once-through and realistic batchwise burnup calculations aiming at the establishing of the equilibrium core state, which will later serve as a basis for detailed safety analyses.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Nuclear E...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Makhlouf, Karima; Zhioua, Sami; Palamidessi, Catuscia;

    International audience; Fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that Machine Learning (ML) predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity of viewing the concept of fairness, several notions of fairness have been introduced in the literature. This paper is a survey that illustrates the subtleties between fairness notions through a large number of examples and scenarios. In addition, unlike other surveys in the literature, it addresses the question of “which notion of fairness is most suited to a given real-world scenario and why?”. Our attempt to answer this question consists in (1) identifying the set of fairness-related characteristics of the real-world scenario at hand, (2) analyzing the behavior of each fairness notion, and then (3) fitting these two elements to recommend the most suitable fairness notion in every specific setup. The results are summarized in a decision diagram that can be used by practitioners and policy makers to navigate the relatively large catalog of ML fairness notions.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Information Processing & Management
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Information Processing & Management
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Simone Fischer-Hübner; Cristina Alcaraz; Afonso Ferreira; Carmen Fernandez-Gago; +4 Authors

    This article presents an overview and analysis of the key cybersecurity problems, challenges and requirements to be addressed in the future, which we derived through 63 interviews with European stakeholders from security-critical sectors including Open Banking, Supply Chain, Privacy-preserving Identity Management, Security Incident Reporting, Maritime Transport, Medical Data Exchange, and Smart Cities. We show that common problems, challenges and requirements across these sectors exist in relation to building trust, implementing privacy and identity management including secure and useable authentication, building resilient systems, standardisation and certification, achieving security and privacy by design, secure and privacy-compliant data and information sharing, and government regulations. Our results also indicate cybersecurity trends and allow to derive directions for future research and innovation activities that will be of high importance for Europe. CyberSec4Europe

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    Journal of Information Security and Applications
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Meritxell Vinyals;

    International audience; With the recent approval of energy directives (e.g. the EU Clean Energy Package) that state the rights and obligations of Local Energy Communities (LECs), time had come for smart grid technologies to show that they can comply with the complexity of the new regulatory environment when optimising LEC energy exchanges. This paper meets this challenge by modelling LECs operation by means of a novel energy coordination network that satisfies all stated requirements, such as the right of each community member of selecting their own supplier and the subsequent need of independent metering. The optimisation of the community is decentralised among a set of autonomous computational entities (a.k.a. agents), achieving scalability, and orchestrated via an agent interaction protocol based on the well-known Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) that keeps the preferences and cost structures of prosumers private. The approach is validated via extensive simulations using a dataset based on real data related to an existing energy grid in Cardiff (UK). Empirical results show that by optimising the use of prosumers' flexible resources to maximise the share of PV self-generated energy at community level our approach achieves higher community self-consumption ratios (up to 59% increment) and significantly reduces prosumer energy bills (589£/month additional reduction expected on summer months) w.r.t. optimising houses individually.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Niki Baccile; Ghazi Ben Messaoud; Patrick Le Griel; Nathan Cowieson; +5 Authors

    Nanofibers are an interesting phase into which amphiphilic molecules can self-assemble. Described for a large number of synthetic lipids, they were seldom reported for natural lipids like microbial amphiphiles, known as biosurfactants. In this work, we show that the palmitic acid congener of sophorolipids (SLC16:0), one of the most studied families of biosurfactants, spontaneously forms a self-assembled fiber network (SAFiN) at pH below 6 through a pH jump process. pH-resolved in-situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) shows a continuous micelle-to-fiber transition, characterized by an enhanced core-shell contrast between pH 9 and pH 7 and micellar fusion into flat membrane between pH 7 and pH 6, approximately. Below pH 6, homogeneous, infinitely long nanofibers form by peeling off the membranes. Eventually, the nanofiber network spontaneously forms a thixotropic hydrogel with fast recovery rates after applying an oscillatory strain amplitude out of the linear viscoelastic regime (LVER): after being submitted to strain amplitudes during 5 min, the hydrogel recovers about 80% and 100% of its initial elastic modulus after, respectively, 20 s and 10 min. Finally, the strength of the hydrogel depends on the medium's final pH, with an elastic modulus fivefold higher at pH 3 than at pH 6. Comment: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A (1887--1895), Royal Society, The, In press

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tobias M. Meißner; Ceyhun Oskay; Alexander Bonk; Benjamin Grégoire; +3 Authors

    International audience; Molten salt corrosion in the receiver's piping system and storage tanks is still one of the major drawbacks of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants and is currently covered by using expensive high-alloyed steels or Ni-base alloys. The employment of cheaper structural materials combined with protective coatings is an attractive alternative to increase cost-efficiency. The present study investigates the corrosion resistance of three different coatings (a pure Ni, a Cr and a combined Ni + Cr coating) deposited on ferritic-martensitic X20CrMoV12-1 steel during isothermal immersion in molten solar salt in comparison to uncoated Ni-base alloy Haynes 230. Exposure tests were conducted at 600 °C for up to 1000 h. To identify the individual role of the main elements, exposure tests of pure Fe, Ni and Cr were undertaken as well. In addition to the cross-sectional investigations via light-optical microscopy and EPMA, X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to identify the corrosion products. These were complemented by weight change measurements and chemical analysis of the salts after the exposure tests. The study reveals differences between the corrosion behaviour of the different coating approaches, which is discussed as a function of coating composition and degradation mechanisms. Whereas pure Cr or pure Ni coatings offer hardly any improved protection of the uncoated X20CrMoV12-1 substrate, the combined Ni + Cr coating performs very well and improves the scaling behaviour of X20CrMoV12-1 significantly. The outcome highlights the correlation between the solubility of the pure metals Fe, Ni and Cr in molten solar salt and the corrosion resistance of the investigated coatings.

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    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells; DLR publication server
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Solar Energy Materia...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells; DLR publication server
      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Stefano Targetti; Lena Schaller; Jochen Kantelhardt;

    International audience; In Europe, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of agriculture have stimulated the development of more efficient governance options to be included in, or to complement, current agri-environmental policies. However, a significant hurdle for the implementation of enhanced policy tools is the difficult adaptation of promising approaches, such as collective contracts and private-based payments for environmental services, to the locally specific, socio-economic and institutional contexts of different European regions. In this study, we apply a participatory approach based on the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping technique, in assessing different policy mechanisms, including improved monetary incentives and the potential for an enhanced design of agricultural landscape governance. Our analysis specifically assesses the interactions between rural society, public goods and policies under different, locally relevant economic and social scenarios. The study is carried out in the Marchfeld, an intensive agriculture case-study area in Eastern Austria, which features a number of environmental problems. The work is based on a two-year-long process including focus groups, mind mapping and scenario co-development, as well as individual interviews with local stakeholders. The results show that integrating private or public, collective or performance-orientated monetary incentives with other non-monetary mechanisms like farmers’ partnerships or enhanced awareness building are evaluated as central to an effective agri-environmental governance system. Moreover, the results highlight that different futures have major effects on the effectiveness of mechanisms: in a purely market-driven context, tools based on collaborations among farmers are likely to be ineffective and monetary incentives are less efficient. On the other hand, positive social pressures and the influence of non-monetary governance initiatives expected in a sustainability-driven scenario are able to catalyse an efficient adoption of environmental-friendly practices, also at lower monetary rates. Based on the results, we discuss the problem of public goods in agricultural landscapes, and the relevance of such ancillary factors as social infrastructure, awareness and marketing, in supporting the effectiveness and feasibility of public-goods ‘governance’.

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    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Osseni, Abdel Fawaz; Bareille, François; Dupraz, Pierre;

    International audience; Harmful algal bloom (HAB) pollution is a major environmental threat worldwide. This is the case in Brittany, where approximately half of the coastal municipalities has been polluted in the two last decades. This pollution affects the welfare of the population by decreasing the accessibility of beaches for several professional and recreational users (anglers, walkers, joggers, etc.). Here, we estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce HAB pollution levels using the hedonic pricing method for the particular case of the Breton rural housing market between 2010 and 2012. We found that, on average, residents that were located 20 km from a polluted beach were willing to pay approximately 208€/inhabitant/year to reduce HABs to the minimal observed levels on Breton seacoasts. This estimate controlled for three sources of identified potential biases biathat may affect the quality of the estimation: the agricultural characteristics of upstream watersheds, the spatial unobserved heterogeneity and the adjacency effects. Indeed, the estimated WTP was 18% to 46% higher than the WTP that was estimated with a nonspatialized econometric model that did not account for these features. In particular, the adjacency effect on house prices due to housing market functioning explained one-third of the total effect. This study illustrates the importance of using suitable econometric specifications when applying revealed preference estimations to house prices.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Land Use Policy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Land Use Policyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Land Use Policy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Paul Ortiz; Sylvain Kubler; Eric Rondeau; Jean-Philippe Georges; +2 Authors

    Abstract The residential sector accounts for 30 % of the total green house gas emissions in Europe, which can be reduced either by switching to low-carbon technologies or reducing the amount of fossil fuel energy consumed. In this work, a new greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) reduction system at the house (nanogrid) level is investigated. The originality of the proposed system and underlying algorithm lies in the fact that it acts in a proactive manner, by continuously controlling and optimizing energy flows between on-site local power production systems (photovoltaics - PV - array in our case), loads, and storage units (combining battery and thermal storage reservoirs). This system/algorithm is evaluated based on real-life input datasets from the United Kingdom (UK) and France, and compared with traditional house energy infrastructures, namely (i) a house not fitted with battery, and (ii) a house fitted with battery but without additional “smart” software layer. Results show that it performs better in terms of CO2 (capacity of the algorithm to reduce the amount of non carbon-free energy consumed from the grid), Power to Grid (capacity to maximize the use of local green energy), and financial cost (capacity to reduce the overall electricity bill), respectively improving performance by up to 8 % , 10 % and 37 % .

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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    Authors: Brandstetter, Christoph; Ottavy, Xavier; Paoletti, Benoît; Stapelfeldt, Sina;

    Abstract Unsteady aerodynamic phenomena appearing close to the stall boundary in axial fans and compressors have been the subject of extensive investigations. A particular phenomenon known as “rotating instabilities” typically occurs in the tip region at highly loaded conditions and is often linked to blade vibrations. During rig and engine testing, it is usually identified by the characteristic shape of its pressure spectra. In the 1990s, this shape has been explained as the result of a circumferentially propagating disturbance, which is unsteady in a frame of reference rotating with the disturbance. In this analysis, conclusions regarding its propagation speed and frequency have been made based on the analysis of spectral peaks, and this method is still often used to classify unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. However, in high subsonic and transonic machines, where aeroacoustic and aeroelastic phenomena interact with aerodynamic disturbances, the interpretation of measurements using spectra alone is challenging. The present article aims to demonstrate the difficulties and subtleties associated with the analysis of measurement signals, which need to be overcome to correctly interpret stall precursor signatures. At the example of a recent investigation on a composite fan, the consequences of sensor placement and postprocessing techniques are discussed with a focus on spectral averaging, isolation of non-synchronous phenomena, and multisensor cross correlation methods. It is seen that the interpretation of phenomena based solely on spectral peaks and their spacing can be misleading and that the characteristic features of a rotating instability spectrum do not require an unstable pulsating disturbance.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fridman, Emil; Álvarez Velarde, Francisco; Romojaro Otero, Pablo; Tsige-Tamirat, Haile; +11 Authors

    Abstract In the framework of the Horizon 2020 project ESFR-SMART (2017–2021), the European sodium fast reactor (ESFR) core was updated through a safety-related modification and optimization of the core design from the earlier FP7 CP-ESFR project (2009–2013). This study is dedicated to neutronic analyses of the improved ESFR core design. The conducted work is reported in two parts. Part I deals with the evaluation of the safety-related neutronic parameters of the fresh beginning-of-life (BOL) core carried out by eight organizations using both continuous energy Monte Carlo and deterministic computer codes. In addition to the neutronics characterization of the core, a special emphasis was put on the calibration and verification of the computational tools involved in the analyses. Part II is devoted to once-through and realistic batchwise burnup calculations aiming at the establishing of the equilibrium core state, which will later serve as a basis for detailed safety analyses.

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