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  • Neuroinformatics
  • 2017-2021
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  • Authors: Tambone, Jeanette; Assude, Teresa; Millon Faure, Karine; Feuilladieu, Sylviane;

    International audience; The Localised Unit for School Inclusion in a secondary school, which schoolling young deaf peopleon a bilingual written French-French Sign Language course, offers a system by educating theseyoung people in ordinary classes with translators who translate the courses simultaneouslyinto LSF. For the institution, the situation is simple and linguistic: the teacher teaches, thetranslator translates. In practice, however, it is not just a matter of translating the teacher’sdiscourse, but the teaching situation itself in all its complexity, as well as the knowledge taught.Translation is therefore linguistic, pedagogical and didactic at the same time. Translators createthe learning conditions for deaf students by taking some responsibility for the act of teachingwithout taking the place of the class teacher. Their adjustments show an ordinary innovationbeing made, allowing the device to work.; L’Unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire en collège étudiée (Ulis collège), accueillant des jeunessourds en parcours bilingue Langue des signes française-français écrit, propose un dispositifscolarisant ces jeunes en classe ordinaire avec la présence de traducteurs qui traduisent lescours simultanément en LSF. Pour l’institution, la situation est simple et d’ordre linguistique :l’enseignant enseigne, le traducteur traduit. Or dans les faits, il ne s’agit pas seulement detraduire le discours de l’enseignant, mais la situation d’enseignement elle-même dans toute sacomplexité ainsi que le savoir enseigné. L’enquête par entretiens montre que la traduction està la fois d’ordre linguistique, pédagogique et didactique. Les traducteurs créent les conditionsd’apprentissage des élèves sourds en prenant une part de responsabilité dans l’acte d’enseignersans pour autant prendre la place de l’enseignant de la classe. Leurs ajustements font preuved’une innovation ordinaire en train de se faire, permettant au dispositif de fonctionner.

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    Authors: Giovanni Pezzulo; Thomas Parr; Karl Friston;

    This article considers the evolution of brain architectures for predictive processing. We argue that brain mechanisms for predictive perception and action are not late evolutionary additions of advanced creatures like us. Rather, they emerged gradually from simpler predictive loops (e.g. autonomic and motor reflexes) that were a legacy from our earlier evolutionary ancestors—and were key to solving their fundamental problems of adaptive regulation. We characterize simpler-to-more-complex brains formally, in terms ofgenerative modelsthat include predictive loops of increasing hierarchical breadth and depth. These may start from a simple homeostatic motif and be elaborated during evolution in four main ways: these include themultimodal expansionof predictive control into an allostatic loop; itsduplicationto form multiple sensorimotor loops that expand an animal's behavioural repertoire; and the gradual endowment of generative models withhierarchical depth(to deal with aspects of the world that unfold at different spatial scales) andtemporal depth(to select plans in a future-oriented manner). In turn, these elaborations underwrite the solution to biological regulation problems faced by increasingly sophisticated animals. Our proposal aligns neuroscientific theorising—about predictive processing—with evolutionary and comparative data on brain architectures in different animal species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through the lens of evolutionary theory’.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
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    Authors: Molnar K.[1]; Lahitte P.[2]; Dibacto S.[2; 3]; +9 Authors

    AbstractLate Miocene to Pleistocene volcanism within the Vardar zone (North Macedonia) covers a large area, has a wide range in composition, and is largely connected to the tectonic evolution of the South Balkan extensional system, the northern part of the Aegean extensional regime. The onset of the scattered potassic to ultrapotassic volcanism south from the Scutari-Peć transverse zone occurred at ca. 8.0 Ma based on this study. Here, we focused on three volcanic centers located on deep structures or thrust faults along the western part of the Vardar zone, for which there is none to very little geochronological and geochemical data available. Pakoševo and Debrište localities are represented as small remnants of lava flows cropping out at the southern edge of Skopje basin and at the western edge of Tikveš basin, respectively. Šumovit Greben center is considered as part of the Kožuf-Voras volcanic system, and it is located on its westernmost side, at the southern edge of Mariovo basin, which is largely composed of volcaniclastic sediments. We present new eruption ages applying the unspiked Cassignol-Gillot K–Ar technique on groundmass, as well as petrological and geochemical data, supplemented with Sr and Nd isotopes to complement and better understand the Neogene-Pleistocene volcanism in the region. Eruption ages on these rocks interlayered between sedimentary formations allow to better constrain the evolution of those sedimentary basins. Rocks from the three volcanic centers belong to the high-K calc-alkaline–shoshonitic series based on their elevated K content. The oldest center amongst these three localities, as well as other Late Miocene centers within the region, is the trachyandesitic Debrište, which formed at ca. 8.0 Ma, and exhibits the highest Nd and lowest Sr isotopic ratios (0.512441–0.512535 and 0.706759–0.706753, respectively). The basaltic trachyandesite Pakoševo center formed at ca. 3.8 Ma and its Nd and Sr isotopic ratios (0.512260 and 0.709593, respectively) bear the strongest signature of crustal contamination. The rhyolitic Šumovit Greben center is a composite volcanic structure formed at ca. 3.0–2.7 Ma. Its youngest eruption unit has a slightly higher Nd and lower Sr isotopic ratios (0.512382 and 0.709208, respectively) representing a magma with a lesser extent of crustal assimilation than the other samples from this center. The overall trend through time in the Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the Late Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanic centers in the region implies an increasing rate of metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle.

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    International Journal of Earth Sciences
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    International Journal of Earth Sciences
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    Article . 2021
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    Other literature type . 2021
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      International Journal of Earth Sciences
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Inga Korolczuk; Boris Burle; Jennifer T. Coull; Kamila Śmigasiewicz;

    Abstract The brain can anticipate the time of imminent events to optimize sensorimotor processing. Yet, there can be behavioral costs of temporal predictability under situations of response conflict. Here, we sought to identify the neural basis of these costs and benefits by examining motor control processes in a combined EEG–EMG study. We recorded electrophysiological markers of response activation and inhibition over motor cortex when the onset-time of visual targets could be predicted, or not, and when responses necessitated conflict resolution, or not. If stimuli were temporally predictable but evoked conflicting responses, we observed increased intertrial consistency in the delta range over the motor cortex involved in response implementation, perhaps reflecting increased response difficulty. More importantly, temporal predictability differentially modulated motor cortex activity as a function of response conflict before the response was even initiated. This effect occurred in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response, which is involved in inhibiting unwanted actions. If target features all triggered the same response, temporal predictability increased cortical inhibition of the incorrect response hand. Conversely, if different target features triggered two conflicting responses, temporal predictability decreased inhibition of the incorrect, yet prepotent, response. This dissociation reconciles the well-established behavioral benefits of temporal predictability for nonconflicting responses as well as its costs for conflicting ones by providing an elegant mechanism that operates selectively over the motor cortex involved in suppressing inappropriate actions just before response initiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that temporal information differentially guides motor activity depending on response choice complexity.

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    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Daniel, Marc; Tran, Khac Chinh; Meunier, Jean;

    Gait analysis is an important aspect of clinical investigation for detecting neurological and musculoskeletal disorders and assessing the global health of a patient. In this paper we propose to focus our attention on extracting relevant curvature information from the body surface provided by a depth camera. We assumed that the 3D mesh was made available in a previous step and demonstrated how curvature maps could be useful to assess asymmetric anomalies with two simple simulated abnormal gaits compared with a normal one. This research set the grounds for the future development of a curvature-based gait analysis system for healthcare professionals. 4 pages, 5 figures

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    http://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.1146...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2021
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    https://doi.org/10.15625/vap.2...
    Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Bugeaud, Yann; Kim, Dong Han; Laurent, Michel; Nogueira, Arnaldo;

    We prove that these Cantor sets are made up of transcendental numbers, apart from their endpoints $0$ and $1$, under some arithmetical assumptions on the data. To that purpose, we establish a criterion of linear independence over the field of algebraic numbers for the three numbers $1$, a characteristic Sturmian number, and an arbitrary Sturmian number with the same slope.

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2020
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    Other literature type . Preprint . 2020
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    Authors: Antoine Verger; Aurélie Kas; Pierre Dudouet; François Goehringer; +2 Authors

    International audience; Background: This multicentre study aimed to provide a qualitative and consensual description of brain hypometabolism observed through the visual analysis of 18F-FDG PET images of patients with suspected neurological long COVID, regarding the previously reported long-COVID hypometabolic pattern involving hypometabolism in the olfactory bulbs and other limbic/paralimbic regions, as well as in the brainstem and cerebellum.Methods: From the beginning of August 2021 to the end of October 2021, the brain 18F-FDG PET scans of patients referred for suspected neurological long COVID with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or serology tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively reviewed in three French nuclear medicine departments (143 patients; 47.4 years old ± 13.6; 98 women). Experienced nuclear physicians from each department classified brain 18F-FDG PET scans according to the same visual interpretation analysis as being normal, mildly to moderately (or incompletely) affected, or otherwise severely affected within the previously reported long-COVID hypometabolic pattern.Results: On the 143 brain 18F-FDG PET scans performed during this 3-month period, 53% of the scans were visually interpreted as normal, 21% as mildly to moderately or incompletely affected, and 26% as severely affected according to the COVID hypometabolic pattern. On average, PET scans were performed at 10.9 months from symptom onset (± 4.8). Importantly, this specific hypometabolic pattern was similarly identified in the three nuclear medicine departments. Typical illustrative examples are provided to help nuclear physicians interpret long-COVID profiles.Conclusion: The proposed PET metabolic pattern is easily identified upon visual interpretation in clinical routine for approximately one half of patients with suspected neurological long COVID, requiring special consideration for frontobasal paramedian regions, the brainstem and the cerebellum, and certainly further adapted follow-up and medical care, while the second half of patients have normal brain PET metabolism on average 10.9 months from symptom onset.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2021
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    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2021
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      European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: armand wirgin;

    This investigation is concerned with the 2D acoustic scattering problem of a plane wave propagating in a non-lossy, isotropic, homogeneous fluid host and soliciting a linear, isotropic, macroscopically-homogeneous, generally-lossy, flat-plane layer in which the mass density and wavespeed are different from those of the host. The focus is on the inverse problem of the retrieval of the layer mass density. The data is the transmitted pressure field, obtained by simulation (resolution of the forward problem) in exact, explicit form via the domain integral form of the Bergman wave equation. This solution is exact and more explicit in terms of the mass-density contrast (between the host and layer) than the classical solution obtained by separation of variables. A perturbation technique enables the solution (in its form obtained by the domain integral method) to be cast as a series of powers of the mass density contrast, the first three terms of which are employed as the trial models in the treatment of the inverse problem. The aptitude of these models to retrieve the mass density contrast is demonstrated both theoretically and numerically.

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    Authors: Dominique Escande; F. Sattin; P. Zanca;

    Abstract This paper introduces the concept of plasma-wall self-organization (PWSO) in magnetic fusion. The basic idea is the existence of a time delay in the feedback loop relating radiation and impurity production on divertor plates. Both a zero and a one-dimensional description of PWSO are provided. They lead to an iterative equation whose equilibrium fixed point is unstable above some threshold. This threshold corresponds to a radiative density limit, which can be reached for a ratio of total radiated power to total input power as low as 1/2. When detachment develops and physical sputtering dominates, this limit is progressively pushed to very high values if the radiation of non-plate impurities stays low. Therefore, PWSO comes with two basins for this organization: the usual one with a density limit, and a new one with density freedom, in particular for machines using high-Z materials. Two basins of attraction of PWSO are shown to exist for the tokamak during start-up, with a high density one leading to this freedom. This basin might be reached by a proper tailoring of ECRH assisted ohmic start-up in present middle-size tokamaks, mimicking present stellarator start-up. In view of the impressive tokamak DEMO wall load challenge, it is worth considering and checking this possibility, which comes with that of more margins for ITER and of smaller reactors.

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    Nuclear Fusion
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    Nuclear Fusion
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nuclear Fusion
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    Authors: Thorez, Guilhem Cousin;

    This paper provides an overview of the Buddhist community in the 50s and 60s, addressing the creation of the first national Buddhist association: the General Buddhist Association of Vietnam (Tổng Hội Phật Gio Việt Nam, GBA). Most academic works sum up the GBA to the date of its foundation by three regional delegations of Buddhists believers in May 1951, and its participation in the political crisis of 1963, the so-called Buddhist Crisis. Its genesis, the internal structures of this first national association, the philosophy and new national narrative of its leaders, their conflictual and distant relationship with secular power and other Buddhists group, remains largely unknown. Providing a new set of contextual elements, this analysis of the GBAs history will contribute to our understanding of Vietnamese Buddhism history in the 20th century, in its continuities and inconsistencies. Essentially a failed first attempt to build a Buddhist church the history of the GBA is highly revealing of the long-standing aspirations of its creators and should be understood as a transitional step between early reform movement and the 1964 UBC. Emphasizing on cultural, social, and political matters, this paper is mainly based on barely used primary sources available in Vietnam.

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    The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies
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      The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies
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  • Authors: Tambone, Jeanette; Assude, Teresa; Millon Faure, Karine; Feuilladieu, Sylviane;

    International audience; The Localised Unit for School Inclusion in a secondary school, which schoolling young deaf peopleon a bilingual written French-French Sign Language course, offers a system by educating theseyoung people in ordinary classes with translators who translate the courses simultaneouslyinto LSF. For the institution, the situation is simple and linguistic: the teacher teaches, thetranslator translates. In practice, however, it is not just a matter of translating the teacher’sdiscourse, but the teaching situation itself in all its complexity, as well as the knowledge taught.Translation is therefore linguistic, pedagogical and didactic at the same time. Translators createthe learning conditions for deaf students by taking some responsibility for the act of teachingwithout taking the place of the class teacher. Their adjustments show an ordinary innovationbeing made, allowing the device to work.; L’Unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire en collège étudiée (Ulis collège), accueillant des jeunessourds en parcours bilingue Langue des signes française-français écrit, propose un dispositifscolarisant ces jeunes en classe ordinaire avec la présence de traducteurs qui traduisent lescours simultanément en LSF. Pour l’institution, la situation est simple et d’ordre linguistique :l’enseignant enseigne, le traducteur traduit. Or dans les faits, il ne s’agit pas seulement detraduire le discours de l’enseignant, mais la situation d’enseignement elle-même dans toute sacomplexité ainsi que le savoir enseigné. L’enquête par entretiens montre que la traduction està la fois d’ordre linguistique, pédagogique et didactique. Les traducteurs créent les conditionsd’apprentissage des élèves sourds en prenant une part de responsabilité dans l’acte d’enseignersans pour autant prendre la place de l’enseignant de la classe. Leurs ajustements font preuved’une innovation ordinaire en train de se faire, permettant au dispositif de fonctionner.

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    Authors: Giovanni Pezzulo; Thomas Parr; Karl Friston;

    This article considers the evolution of brain architectures for predictive processing. We argue that brain mechanisms for predictive perception and action are not late evolutionary additions of advanced creatures like us. Rather, they emerged gradually from simpler predictive loops (e.g. autonomic and motor reflexes) that were a legacy from our earlier evolutionary ancestors—and were key to solving their fundamental problems of adaptive regulation. We characterize simpler-to-more-complex brains formally, in terms ofgenerative modelsthat include predictive loops of increasing hierarchical breadth and depth. These may start from a simple homeostatic motif and be elaborated during evolution in four main ways: these include themultimodal expansionof predictive control into an allostatic loop; itsduplicationto form multiple sensorimotor loops that expand an animal's behavioural repertoire; and the gradual endowment of generative models withhierarchical depth(to deal with aspects of the world that unfold at different spatial scales) andtemporal depth(to select plans in a future-oriented manner). In turn, these elaborations underwrite the solution to biological regulation problems faced by increasingly sophisticated animals. Our proposal aligns neuroscientific theorising—about predictive processing—with evolutionary and comparative data on brain architectures in different animal species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through the lens of evolutionary theory’.

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    Europe PubMed Central
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    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Molnar K.[1]; Lahitte P.[2]; Dibacto S.[2; 3]; +9 Authors

    AbstractLate Miocene to Pleistocene volcanism within the Vardar zone (North Macedonia) covers a large area, has a wide range in composition, and is largely connected to the tectonic evolution of the South Balkan extensional system, the northern part of the Aegean extensional regime. The onset of the scattered potassic to ultrapotassic volcanism south from the Scutari-Peć transverse zone occurred at ca. 8.0 Ma based on this study. Here, we focused on three volcanic centers located on deep structures or thrust faults along the western part of the Vardar zone, for which there is none to very little geochronological and geochemical data available. Pakoševo and Debrište localities are represented as small remnants of lava flows cropping out at the southern edge of Skopje basin and at the western edge of Tikveš basin, respectively. Šumovit Greben center is considered as part of the Kožuf-Voras volcanic system, and it is located on its westernmost side, at the southern edge of Mariovo basin, which is largely composed of volcaniclastic sediments. We present new eruption ages applying the unspiked Cassignol-Gillot K–Ar technique on groundmass, as well as petrological and geochemical data, supplemented with Sr and Nd isotopes to complement and better understand the Neogene-Pleistocene volcanism in the region. Eruption ages on these rocks interlayered between sedimentary formations allow to better constrain the evolution of those sedimentary basins. Rocks from the three volcanic centers belong to the high-K calc-alkaline–shoshonitic series based on their elevated K content. The oldest center amongst these three localities, as well as other Late Miocene centers within the region, is the trachyandesitic Debrište, which formed at ca. 8.0 Ma, and exhibits the highest Nd and lowest Sr isotopic ratios (0.512441–0.512535 and 0.706759–0.706753, respectively). The basaltic trachyandesite Pakoševo center formed at ca. 3.8 Ma and its Nd and Sr isotopic ratios (0.512260 and 0.709593, respectively) bear the strongest signature of crustal contamination. The rhyolitic Šumovit Greben center is a composite volcanic structure formed at ca. 3.0–2.7 Ma. Its youngest eruption unit has a slightly higher Nd and lower Sr isotopic ratios (0.512382 and 0.709208, respectively) representing a magma with a lesser extent of crustal assimilation than the other samples from this center. The overall trend through time in the Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the Late Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanic centers in the region implies an increasing rate of metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle.

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    International Journal of Earth Sciences
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    International Journal of Earth Sciences
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      International Journal of Earth Sciences
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    Authors: Inga Korolczuk; Boris Burle; Jennifer T. Coull; Kamila Śmigasiewicz;

    Abstract The brain can anticipate the time of imminent events to optimize sensorimotor processing. Yet, there can be behavioral costs of temporal predictability under situations of response conflict. Here, we sought to identify the neural basis of these costs and benefits by examining motor control processes in a combined EEG–EMG study. We recorded electrophysiological markers of response activation and inhibition over motor cortex when the onset-time of visual targets could be predicted, or not, and when responses necessitated conflict resolution, or not. If stimuli were temporally predictable but evoked conflicting responses, we observed increased intertrial consistency in the delta range over the motor cortex involved in response implementation, perhaps reflecting increased response difficulty. More importantly, temporal predictability differentially modulated motor cortex activity as a function of response conflict before the response was even initiated. This effect occurred in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response, which is involved in inhibiting unwanted actions. If target features all triggered the same response, temporal predictability increased cortical inhibition of the incorrect response hand. Conversely, if different target features triggered two conflicting responses, temporal predictability decreased inhibition of the incorrect, yet prepotent, response. This dissociation reconciles the well-established behavioral benefits of temporal predictability for nonconflicting responses as well as its costs for conflicting ones by providing an elegant mechanism that operates selectively over the motor cortex involved in suppressing inappropriate actions just before response initiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that temporal information differentially guides motor activity depending on response choice complexity.

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    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Daniel, Marc; Tran, Khac Chinh; Meunier, Jean;

    Gait analysis is an important aspect of clinical investigation for detecting neurological and musculoskeletal disorders and assessing the global health of a patient. In this paper we propose to focus our attention on extracting relevant curvature information from the body surface provided by a depth camera. We assumed that the 3D mesh was made available in a previous step and demonstrated how curvature maps could be useful to assess asymmetric anomalies with two simple simulated abnormal gaits compared with a normal one. This research set the grounds for the future development of a curvature-based gait analysis system for healthcare professionals. 4 pages, 5 figures

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    http://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.1146...
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    https://doi.org/10.15625/vap.2...
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    Authors: Bugeaud, Yann; Kim, Dong Han; Laurent, Michel; Nogueira, Arnaldo;

    We prove that these Cantor sets are made up of transcendental numbers, apart from their endpoints $0$ and $1$, under some arithmetical assumptions on the data. To that purpose, we establish a criterion of linear independence over the field of algebraic numbers for the three numbers $1$, a characteristic Sturmian number, and an arbitrary Sturmian number with the same slope.

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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Antoine Verger; Aurélie Kas; Pierre Dudouet; François Goehringer; +2 Authors

    International audience; Background: This multicentre study aimed to provide a qualitative and consensual description of brain hypometabolism observed through the visual analysis of 18F-FDG PET images of patients with suspected neurological long COVID, regarding the previously reported long-COVID hypometabolic pattern involving hypometabolism in the olfactory bulbs and other limbic/paralimbic regions, as well as in the brainstem and cerebellum.Methods: From the beginning of August 2021 to the end of October 2021, the brain 18F-FDG PET scans of patients referred for suspected neurological long COVID with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or serology tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively reviewed in three French nuclear medicine departments (143 patients; 47.4 years old ± 13.6; 98 women). Experienced nuclear physicians from each department classified brain 18F-FDG PET scans according to the same visual interpretation analysis as being normal, mildly to moderately (or incompletely) affected, or otherwise severely affected within the previously reported long-COVID hypometabolic pattern.Results: On the 143 brain 18F-FDG PET scans performed during this 3-month period, 53% of the scans were visually interpreted as normal, 21% as mildly to moderately or incompletely affected, and 26% as severely affected according to the COVID hypometabolic pattern. On average, PET scans were performed at 10.9 months from symptom onset (± 4.8). Importantly, this specific hypometabolic pattern was similarly identified in the three nuclear medicine departments. Typical illustrative examples are provided to help nuclear physicians interpret long-COVID profiles.Conclusion: The proposed PET metabolic pattern is easily identified upon visual interpretation in clinical routine for approximately one half of patients with suspected neurological long COVID, requiring special consideration for frontobasal paramedian regions, the brainstem and the cerebellum, and certainly further adapted follow-up and medical care, while the second half of patients have normal brain PET metabolism on average 10.9 months from symptom onset.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
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    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
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      European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    Authors: armand wirgin;

    This investigation is concerned with the 2D acoustic scattering problem of a plane wave propagating in a non-lossy, isotropic, homogeneous fluid host and soliciting a linear, isotropic, macroscopically-homogeneous, generally-lossy, flat-plane layer in which the mass density and wavespeed are different from those of the host. The focus is on the inverse problem of the retrieval of the layer mass density. The data is the transmitted pressure field, obtained by simulation (resolution of the forward problem) in exact, explicit form via the domain integral form of the Bergman wave equation. This solution is exact and more explicit in terms of the mass-density contrast (between the host and layer) than the classical solution obtained by separation of variables. A perturbation technique enables the solution (in its form obtained by the domain integral method) to be cast as a series of powers of the mass density contrast, the first three terms of which are employed as the trial models in the treatment of the inverse problem. The aptitude of these models to retrieve the mass density contrast is demonstrated both theoretically and numerically.

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    Authors: Dominique Escande; F. Sattin; P. Zanca;

    Abstract This paper introduces the concept of plasma-wall self-organization (PWSO) in magnetic fusion. The basic idea is the existence of a time delay in the feedback loop relating radiation and impurity production on divertor plates. Both a zero and a one-dimensional description of PWSO are provided. They lead to an iterative equation whose equilibrium fixed point is unstable above some threshold. This threshold corresponds to a radiative density limit, which can be reached for a ratio of total radiated power to total input power as low as 1/2. When detachment develops and physical sputtering dominates, this limit is progressively pushed to very high values if the radiation of non-plate impurities stays low. Therefore, PWSO comes with two basins for this organization: the usual one with a density limit, and a new one with density freedom, in particular for machines using high-Z materials. Two basins of attraction of PWSO are shown to exist for the tokamak during start-up, with a high density one leading to this freedom. This basin might be reached by a proper tailoring of ECRH assisted ohmic start-up in present middle-size tokamaks, mimicking present stellarator start-up. In view of the impressive tokamak DEMO wall load challenge, it is worth considering and checking this possibility, which comes with that of more margins for ITER and of smaller reactors.

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    Nuclear Fusion
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    Nuclear Fusion
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    Authors: Thorez, Guilhem Cousin;

    This paper provides an overview of the Buddhist community in the 50s and 60s, addressing the creation of the first national Buddhist association: the General Buddhist Association of Vietnam (Tổng Hội Phật Gio Việt Nam, GBA). Most academic works sum up the GBA to the date of its foundation by three regional delegations of Buddhists believers in May 1951, and its participation in the political crisis of 1963, the so-called Buddhist Crisis. Its genesis, the internal structures of this first national association, the philosophy and new national narrative of its leaders, their conflictual and distant relationship with secular power and other Buddhists group, remains largely unknown. Providing a new set of contextual elements, this analysis of the GBAs history will contribute to our understanding of Vietnamese Buddhism history in the 20th century, in its continuities and inconsistencies. Essentially a failed first attempt to build a Buddhist church the history of the GBA is highly revealing of the long-standing aspirations of its creators and should be understood as a transitional step between early reform movement and the 1964 UBC. Emphasizing on cultural, social, and political matters, this paper is mainly based on barely used primary sources available in Vietnam.

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    The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies
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      The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies
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