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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • 2017-2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Caudal, Patrick; Mailhammer, Robert;

    This paper investigates the meaning of a specific intonation contour found in the Northern Australian language Iwaidja called Linear Lengthening Intonation (LLI). Using an experimental field work approach, we analysed approximately 4,000 utterances. We demonstrate that the semantics of LLI is broadly event-quantificational as well as temporally scalar. LLI imposes aspectual selectional restrictions on the verbs it combines with (they must be durative, i.e. cannot describe ‘punctual’, atomic events), and requires the event description effected by said verbs to exceed a contextually-determined relative scalar meaning (e.g., a ‘typical duration’ à la (Tatevosov 2008)). Iwaidja differs from other Northern Australian languages with similar intonation patterns (see e.g. (Bishop 2002: 2002; Simard 2013)), in that it does not seem to have any argument NP-related incremental or event scalar meaning. This suggests that LLI is a decidedly grammatical, language-specific device; not a purely iconic kind of expression (even though it also possibly has an iconic dimension).

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    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    https://hal.archives-ouvertes....
    Preprint
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    https://doi.org/10.20944/prepr...
    Preprint . 2021
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    Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Forget, Mathieu; Adiba, Sandrine; De Monte, Silvia;

    International audience; The 'social amoeba' Dictyostelium discoideum, where aggregation of genetically heterogeneous cells produces functional collective structures, epitomizes social conflicts associated with multicellular organization. 'Cheater' populations that have a higher chance-quantified by a positive spore bias-of surviving to the next generation when mixed with cooperators bear a selective advantage. Their spread is thus expected to undermine collective functions over evolutionary times. In this review, we discuss the two main approaches adopted to conceptualize social conflicts in Dictyostelium discoideum: describing social interactions as a property of cell populations (strains), or as a result of individual cell choices during the developmental process. These two points of view are often held equivalent and used interchangeably. While the population-level view grants more direct evolutionary inference, however, the cell-level interpretation reveals that such evolutionary predictions may be modified if mechanisms such as dependence on the environment, development and intrinsic unpredictability of cell fate choices are taken into account. We conclude by proposing a set of open questions that in our opinion lie at the core of a multi-scale description of aggregative life cycles, where the formulation of predictive evolutionary models would include cell-level mechanisms responsible for spore bias alongside population-level descriptors of multicellular organization.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sueur, Cédric; Bousquet, Christophe; Espinosa, Romain; Deneubourg, Jean-Louis;

    Whilst fundamental to human societies, collective decision-making such as voting systems can lead to non-efficient decisions, as past climate policies demonstrate. Current systems are harshly criticised for the way they consider voters needs and knowledge. Collective decision-making is central in human societies but also occurs in animal groups mostly when animals need to choose when and where to move. In these societies, animals balance between the needs of the group members and their own needs and rely on each individuals (partial) knowledge. We argue that non-human animals and humans share similar collective decision processes, among which are agenda-setting, deliberation and voting. Recent works in artificial intelligence have sought to improve decision-making in human groups, sometimes inspired by animals decision-making systems. We discuss here how our societies could benefit from recent advances in ethology and artificial intelligence to improve our collective decision-making system. published

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    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Preprint . 2021
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    Authors: Lucie Tamisier; Annelies Haegeman; Yoika Foucart; Nicolas Fouillien; +11 Authors

    Zenodo, 4273791, peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer community in Genomics :. https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.genomics.100007; The widespread use of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) for detection of plant viruses and sequencing of plant virus genomes has led to the generation of large amounts of data and of bioinformatics challenges to process them. Many bioinformatics pipelines for virus detection are available, making the choice of a suitable one difficult. A robust benchmarking is needed for the unbiased comparison of the pipelines, but there is currently a lack of reference datasets that could be used for this purpose. We present 7 semi-artificial datasets composed of real RNA-seq datasets from virus-infected plants spiked with artificial virus reads. Each dataset addresses challenges that could prevent virus detection. We also present 3 real datasets showing a challenging virus composition as well as 8 completely artificial datasets to test haplotype reconstruction software. With these datasets that address several diagnostic challenges, we hope to encourage virologists, diagnosticians and bioinformaticians to evaluate and benchmark their pipeline(s).

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    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Preprint . 2021
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  • Authors: Gorlla, Cyril;

    Within the context of online shopping, it is often imperative to respond to customer queries promptly. In this paper, we explore and evaluate various methods of responding to binary customer questions with machine learning algorithms. Specifically, we implement models based on logistic probabilities as well as collaborative filtering in order to predict the response to binary questions on Amazon. We find that probabilistic models fare the best on our validation set (which includes unseen data), with the logistic model trained with vector embeddings achieving 67.6% accuracy.

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    Authors: Cristina, Volpe Maria;

    Neutrinos from dense environments are connected to the longstanding open questions of how massive stars explode and what are the sites where $r$-process elements are made. Flavor evolution and neutrino properties can influence nucleosynthetic abundances. GW170817 has given indirect evidence for r-process elements in binary neutron star mergers. We discuss the impact of non-standard interactions in such sites. Nearby compact objects, strong gravitational fields are present. We discuss their influence upon neutrino decoherence in a wave packet treatment of neutrino propagation. We conclude by mentioning the upcoming measurement of the diffuse supernova neutrino background. Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings for the "17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics"

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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    Authors: Froustey, Julien;

    In the primordial Universe, neutrino decoupling occurs only slightly before electron-positron annihilations. This leads notably to an increased neutrino energy density compared to the standard instantaneous decoupling approximation, parametrized by the effective number of neutrino species $N_{\rm eff}$. A precise calculation of neutrino evolution is needed to assess its consequences during the later cosmological stages, and requires to take into account multiple effects such as neutrino oscillations, which represents a genuine numerical challenge. Recently, several key improvements have allowed such a precise numerical calculation, leading to the new reference value $N_{\rm eff}=3.0440$. Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Based on arXiv:2008.01074. Proceedings for the 17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2021)

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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  • Authors: Puren, Marie; Vernus, Pierre;

    La soie est un matériau particulièrement important pour l'histoire européenne. Son commerce a facilité l'essor de nouveaux centres économiques, stimulé le développemment de techniques de tissage innovantes, et permis la création d'objets exceptionnels. Alors que de nombreuses institutions sont spécialisées dans sa conservation, ce patrimoine fragile est toutefois menacé. Dans cet article, nous explicitons la méthodologie utilisée par le projet H2020 SILKNOW pour mieux valoriser ces collections patrimoniales. Nous présentons l'ontologie basée sur le CIDOC CRM que nous avons conçue en vue de la création d'un graphe de connaissances. Nous exposons également la méthodologie utilisée pour intégrer, dans le modèle de données, les annotations générées par l'analyse des textes et des images. Nous présentons enfin l'extension SIKNOW, destinée à modéliser la sémantique complexe décrivant le processus de production des tissus en soie.

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    Authors: Thibaut, Bernard; Gril, Joseph;

    International audience; Living wood in the tree performs a muscular action by generating forces at the sapwood periphery and residual strains in dead sapwood fibres. Dissymmetric force generation around the tree trunk is the motor system allowing movement, posture control and tree reshaping after accidents. Rather young trees are able to restore the verticality of their trunk after accidental rotation of the soil-root system due to wind or landslide, leading to typically curved stems shape. The very high dissymmetry of forces for the motor action is associated with the occurrence of reaction wood on one side of the inclined stem during many successive years. A method to reconstitute this biomechanical history from observations after tree felling, on either green or dry wood, is discussed. A selection of 17 trees from 15 different species (13 different families), tropical and temperate, hardwoods and softwoods, were selected and peripheral residual strains were measured in situ before felling, on 8 positions for each stem. Matched wooden rods were sawn and measured for their mechanical and physical properties in the green and dry states, allowing the estimation of tree growth stress, i.e., the force created by the living wood. It was possible to build easy-to-use conversion coefficients between the growth stress indicator (GSI), measured in situ by the single hole method, and growth strain and growth stress with the knowledge of basic density and green longitudinal elastic modulus. Maturation strain, specific modulus (as a proxy of micro-fibril angle) and longitudinal shrinkage are properties independent from basic density, whose variation among species was very large. For the whole range of compression wood, normal wood and tension wood, strong relationships between these 3 properties were observed, but together no single model, based on cell-wall microfibril angle only, could be defined. Growth forces are the product of 4 parameters: ring width, basic density, basic specific modulus and maturation strain, all of them being the result of wood formation. Thanks to the wide range of wood types and species, simple and highly significant formulas were obtained for the relationship between basic and dry density, green and dry longitudinal modulus of elasticity, basic and dry specific modulus. To estimate ring width in the green state from values in dry state, radial shrinkage needs to be measured afterwards on dry specimens. Maturation strains is less accurately linked to late measurements on dry wood, but longitudinal shrinkage offers a rather good solution for an estimation provided that the wood type (softwood, hardwood with-G layer, hardwood without G-Layer) is known.

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  • Authors: Puren, Marie; Vernus, Pierre;

    La soie est un matériau particulièrement important pour l'histoire européenne. Son commerce a facilité l'essor de nouveaux centres économiques, stimulé le développemment de techniques de tissage innovantes, et permis la création d'objets exceptionnels. Alors que de nombreuses institutions sont spécialisées dans sa conservation, ce patrimoine fragile est toutefois menacé. Dans cet article, nous explicitons la méthodologie utilisée par le projet H2020 SILKNOW pour mieux valoriser ces collections patrimoniales. Nous présentons l'ontologie basée sur le CIDOC CRM que nous avons conçue en vue de la création d'un graphe de connaissances. Nous exposons également la méthodologie utilisée pour intégrer, dans le modèle de données, les annotations générées par l'analyse des textes et des images. Nous présentons enfin l'extension SIKNOW, destinée à modéliser la sémantique complexe décrivant le processus de production des tissus en soie.

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    Authors: Caudal, Patrick; Mailhammer, Robert;

    This paper investigates the meaning of a specific intonation contour found in the Northern Australian language Iwaidja called Linear Lengthening Intonation (LLI). Using an experimental field work approach, we analysed approximately 4,000 utterances. We demonstrate that the semantics of LLI is broadly event-quantificational as well as temporally scalar. LLI imposes aspectual selectional restrictions on the verbs it combines with (they must be durative, i.e. cannot describe ‘punctual’, atomic events), and requires the event description effected by said verbs to exceed a contextually-determined relative scalar meaning (e.g., a ‘typical duration’ à la (Tatevosov 2008)). Iwaidja differs from other Northern Australian languages with similar intonation patterns (see e.g. (Bishop 2002: 2002; Simard 2013)), in that it does not seem to have any argument NP-related incremental or event scalar meaning. This suggests that LLI is a decidedly grammatical, language-specific device; not a purely iconic kind of expression (even though it also possibly has an iconic dimension).

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    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Forget, Mathieu; Adiba, Sandrine; De Monte, Silvia;

    International audience; The 'social amoeba' Dictyostelium discoideum, where aggregation of genetically heterogeneous cells produces functional collective structures, epitomizes social conflicts associated with multicellular organization. 'Cheater' populations that have a higher chance-quantified by a positive spore bias-of surviving to the next generation when mixed with cooperators bear a selective advantage. Their spread is thus expected to undermine collective functions over evolutionary times. In this review, we discuss the two main approaches adopted to conceptualize social conflicts in Dictyostelium discoideum: describing social interactions as a property of cell populations (strains), or as a result of individual cell choices during the developmental process. These two points of view are often held equivalent and used interchangeably. While the population-level view grants more direct evolutionary inference, however, the cell-level interpretation reveals that such evolutionary predictions may be modified if mechanisms such as dependence on the environment, development and intrinsic unpredictability of cell fate choices are taken into account. We conclude by proposing a set of open questions that in our opinion lie at the core of a multi-scale description of aggregative life cycles, where the formulation of predictive evolutionary models would include cell-level mechanisms responsible for spore bias alongside population-level descriptors of multicellular organization.

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    Authors: Sueur, Cédric; Bousquet, Christophe; Espinosa, Romain; Deneubourg, Jean-Louis;

    Whilst fundamental to human societies, collective decision-making such as voting systems can lead to non-efficient decisions, as past climate policies demonstrate. Current systems are harshly criticised for the way they consider voters needs and knowledge. Collective decision-making is central in human societies but also occurs in animal groups mostly when animals need to choose when and where to move. In these societies, animals balance between the needs of the group members and their own needs and rely on each individuals (partial) knowledge. We argue that non-human animals and humans share similar collective decision processes, among which are agenda-setting, deliberation and voting. Recent works in artificial intelligence have sought to improve decision-making in human groups, sometimes inspired by animals decision-making systems. We discuss here how our societies could benefit from recent advances in ethology and artificial intelligence to improve our collective decision-making system. published

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    Authors: Lucie Tamisier; Annelies Haegeman; Yoika Foucart; Nicolas Fouillien; +11 Authors

    Zenodo, 4273791, peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer community in Genomics :. https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.genomics.100007; The widespread use of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) for detection of plant viruses and sequencing of plant virus genomes has led to the generation of large amounts of data and of bioinformatics challenges to process them. Many bioinformatics pipelines for virus detection are available, making the choice of a suitable one difficult. A robust benchmarking is needed for the unbiased comparison of the pipelines, but there is currently a lack of reference datasets that could be used for this purpose. We present 7 semi-artificial datasets composed of real RNA-seq datasets from virus-infected plants spiked with artificial virus reads. Each dataset addresses challenges that could prevent virus detection. We also present 3 real datasets showing a challenging virus composition as well as 8 completely artificial datasets to test haplotype reconstruction software. With these datasets that address several diagnostic challenges, we hope to encourage virologists, diagnosticians and bioinformaticians to evaluate and benchmark their pipeline(s).

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  • Authors: Gorlla, Cyril;

    Within the context of online shopping, it is often imperative to respond to customer queries promptly. In this paper, we explore and evaluate various methods of responding to binary customer questions with machine learning algorithms. Specifically, we implement models based on logistic probabilities as well as collaborative filtering in order to predict the response to binary questions on Amazon. We find that probabilistic models fare the best on our validation set (which includes unseen data), with the logistic model trained with vector embeddings achieving 67.6% accuracy.

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    Authors: Cristina, Volpe Maria;

    Neutrinos from dense environments are connected to the longstanding open questions of how massive stars explode and what are the sites where $r$-process elements are made. Flavor evolution and neutrino properties can influence nucleosynthetic abundances. GW170817 has given indirect evidence for r-process elements in binary neutron star mergers. We discuss the impact of non-standard interactions in such sites. Nearby compact objects, strong gravitational fields are present. We discuss their influence upon neutrino decoherence in a wave packet treatment of neutrino propagation. We conclude by mentioning the upcoming measurement of the diffuse supernova neutrino background. Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings for the "17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics"

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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    Authors: Froustey, Julien;

    In the primordial Universe, neutrino decoupling occurs only slightly before electron-positron annihilations. This leads notably to an increased neutrino energy density compared to the standard instantaneous decoupling approximation, parametrized by the effective number of neutrino species $N_{\rm eff}$. A precise calculation of neutrino evolution is needed to assess its consequences during the later cosmological stages, and requires to take into account multiple effects such as neutrino oscillations, which represents a genuine numerical challenge. Recently, several key improvements have allowed such a precise numerical calculation, leading to the new reference value $N_{\rm eff}=3.0440$. Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Based on arXiv:2008.01074. Proceedings for the 17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2021)

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  • Authors: Puren, Marie; Vernus, Pierre;

    La soie est un matériau particulièrement important pour l'histoire européenne. Son commerce a facilité l'essor de nouveaux centres économiques, stimulé le développemment de techniques de tissage innovantes, et permis la création d'objets exceptionnels. Alors que de nombreuses institutions sont spécialisées dans sa conservation, ce patrimoine fragile est toutefois menacé. Dans cet article, nous explicitons la méthodologie utilisée par le projet H2020 SILKNOW pour mieux valoriser ces collections patrimoniales. Nous présentons l'ontologie basée sur le CIDOC CRM que nous avons conçue en vue de la création d'un graphe de connaissances. Nous exposons également la méthodologie utilisée pour intégrer, dans le modèle de données, les annotations générées par l'analyse des textes et des images. Nous présentons enfin l'extension SIKNOW, destinée à modéliser la sémantique complexe décrivant le processus de production des tissus en soie.

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    Authors: Thibaut, Bernard; Gril, Joseph;

    International audience; Living wood in the tree performs a muscular action by generating forces at the sapwood periphery and residual strains in dead sapwood fibres. Dissymmetric force generation around the tree trunk is the motor system allowing movement, posture control and tree reshaping after accidents. Rather young trees are able to restore the verticality of their trunk after accidental rotation of the soil-root system due to wind or landslide, leading to typically curved stems shape. The very high dissymmetry of forces for the motor action is associated with the occurrence of reaction wood on one side of the inclined stem during many successive years. A method to reconstitute this biomechanical history from observations after tree felling, on either green or dry wood, is discussed. A selection of 17 trees from 15 different species (13 different families), tropical and temperate, hardwoods and softwoods, were selected and peripheral residual strains were measured in situ before felling, on 8 positions for each stem. Matched wooden rods were sawn and measured for their mechanical and physical properties in the green and dry states, allowing the estimation of tree growth stress, i.e., the force created by the living wood. It was possible to build easy-to-use conversion coefficients between the growth stress indicator (GSI), measured in situ by the single hole method, and growth strain and growth stress with the knowledge of basic density and green longitudinal elastic modulus. Maturation strain, specific modulus (as a proxy of micro-fibril angle) and longitudinal shrinkage are properties independent from basic density, whose variation among species was very large. For the whole range of compression wood, normal wood and tension wood, strong relationships between these 3 properties were observed, but together no single model, based on cell-wall microfibril angle only, could be defined. Growth forces are the product of 4 parameters: ring width, basic density, basic specific modulus and maturation strain, all of them being the result of wood formation. Thanks to the wide range of wood types and species, simple and highly significant formulas were obtained for the relationship between basic and dry density, green and dry longitudinal modulus of elasticity, basic and dry specific modulus. To estimate ring width in the green state from values in dry state, radial shrinkage needs to be measured afterwards on dry specimens. Maturation strains is less accurately linked to late measurements on dry wood, but longitudinal shrinkage offers a rather good solution for an estimation provided that the wood type (softwood, hardwood with-G layer, hardwood without G-Layer) is known.

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  • Authors: Puren, Marie; Vernus, Pierre;

    La soie est un matériau particulièrement important pour l'histoire européenne. Son commerce a facilité l'essor de nouveaux centres économiques, stimulé le développemment de techniques de tissage innovantes, et permis la création d'objets exceptionnels. Alors que de nombreuses institutions sont spécialisées dans sa conservation, ce patrimoine fragile est toutefois menacé. Dans cet article, nous explicitons la méthodologie utilisée par le projet H2020 SILKNOW pour mieux valoriser ces collections patrimoniales. Nous présentons l'ontologie basée sur le CIDOC CRM que nous avons conçue en vue de la création d'un graphe de connaissances. Nous exposons également la méthodologie utilisée pour intégrer, dans le modèle de données, les annotations générées par l'analyse des textes et des images. Nous présentons enfin l'extension SIKNOW, destinée à modéliser la sémantique complexe décrivant le processus de production des tissus en soie.

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