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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Accattoli, Beniamino; Guerrieri, Giulio;

    International audience; The theory of the call-by-value λ-calculus relies on weak evaluation and closed terms, that are natural hypotheses in the study of programming languages. To model proof assistants, however, strong evaluation and open terms are required. Open call-by-value is the intermediate setting of weak evaluation with (possibly) open terms, on top of which Grégoire and Leroy designed one of the abstract machines of Coq. This paper provides a theory of abstract machines for the fireball calculus, the simplest presentation of open call-by-value. The literature contains machines that are either simple but inefficient, as they have an exponential overhead, or efficient but heavy, as they rely on a labeling of environments and a technical optimization. We introduce a machine that is simple and efficient: it does not use labels and it implements the fireball calculus within a bilinear overhead. Moreover, we provide a new fine understanding of how different optimizations impact on the complexity of the overhead, and evidence that the time cost model we work with is minimal.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Science of Computer ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Science of Computer Programming
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Science of Computer ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Science of Computer Programming
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sayadi, Taraneh; Schmid, Peter J.; Nichols, Joseph W.; Moin, Parviz;

    AbstractDirect numerical simulations (DNS) of controlled H- and K-type transitions to turbulence in an $M = 0.2$ (where $M$ is the Mach number) nominally zero-pressure-gradient and spatially developing flat-plate boundary layer are considered. Sayadi, Hamman & Moin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 724, 2013, pp. 480–509) showed that with the start of the transition process, the skin-friction profiles of these controlled transitions diverge abruptly from the laminar value and overshoot the turbulent estimation. The objective of this work is to identify the structures of dynamical importance throughout the transitional region. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) (Schmid, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 656, 2010, pp. 5–28) as an optimal phase-averaging process, together with triple decomposition (Reynolds & Hussain, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 54 (02), 1972, pp. 263–288), is employed to assess the contribution of each coherent structure to the total Reynolds shear stress. This analysis shows that low-frequency modes, corresponding to the legs of hairpin vortices, contribute most to the total Reynolds shear stress. The use of composite DMD of the vortical structures together with the skin-friction coefficient allows the assessment of the coupling between near-wall structures captured by the low-frequency modes and their contribution to the total skin-friction coefficient. We are able to show that the low-frequency modes provide an accurate estimate of the skin-friction coefficient through the transition process. This is of interest since large-eddy simulation (LES) of the same configuration fails to provide a good prediction of the rise to this overshoot. The reduced-order representation of the flow is used to compare the LES and the DNS results within this region. Application of this methodology to the LES of the H-type transition illustrates the effect of the grid resolution and the subgrid-scale model on the estimated shear stress of these low-frequency modes. The analysis shows that although the shapes and frequencies of the low-frequency modes are independent of the resolution, the amplitudes are underpredicted in the LES, resulting in underprediction of the Reynolds shear stress.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Fluid Mec...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Fluid Mechanics
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marian Rizov; Patrick Paul Walsh;

    The focus of the paper is on evaluating the productivity gap between rural and urban locations in the UK using micro data. We build a structural model of the unobservable productivity emphasising the link between productivity and spatial density of economic activity and adapt the semi-parametric estimation approach proposed in Olley and Pakes (1996) to estimate the parameters of production functions at firm level, within 4-digit UK manufacturing industries, for the period 1997 - 2001. We allow market structure to differ by endogenous export status and location choices and model productivity as a second-order Markov process which greatly enhances our ability to obtain unbiased and consistent estimates of TFP measures at firm level. We aggregate the firm TFPs by location category following the 2004 DEFRA definition of rural and find that aggregate productivity systematically differs across urban, rural less sparse and rural sparse locations as the magnitudes of the differentials are 13.2 percent and 18.0 percent, respectively. Our results are in line with several recent studies. Next, we decompose aggregate productivity into productivity index and industry composition index. The productivity index is the highest in urban locations suggesting that productivity is strongly influenced by density of economic activity and proximity to economic mass. Because industry composition index is positively correlated with productivity index it is evident that locations with high productivity are also characterised by industrial structure enhancing productivity. Further, analysing changes in the decomposition indexes over two periods, before and after implementation of the Euro by the UK main trading partners, reveals substantial heterogeneity in responses across location categories under increased competitive pressure. The main finding is that there is a tendency of rural sparse locations catching up with the urban and rural less sparse location categories in terms of aggregate productivity over the period of analysis. We also find evidence that increased competitive pressure as a result of changes in trade conditions after implementation of the Euro by the UK's main trading partners has acted as a substitute for the role of density of economic activity in enhancing industry composition, especially in rural sparse locations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Regional Studies; CO...arrow_drop_down
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    EconStor
    Conference object . 2010
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    Regional Studies
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zuluaga, M. A.; Burgos, Ninon; Taylor, A. M.; Ourselin, S.;

    International audience; Atlas-based analysis methods rely on the morphological similarity between the atlas and target images, and on the availability of labelled images. Problems can arise when the deformations introduced by pathologies affect the similarity between the atlas and a patient's image. The aim of this work is to exploit the morphological dissimilarities between atlas databases and pathological images to diagnose the underlying clinical condition, while avoiding the dependence on labelled images. To this end, the proposed method is formulated under the principle of atlas-based segmentation but, instead of propagating labels, we propagate image intensities. Using a set of MR atlas databases, each database associated with a clinical condition, synthetic images are generated for a target image. The diagnosis is established by assessing the degree of similarity between the synthetic images and the target and assigning the condition of the top-ranked synthetic image. The obtained results are comparable to state-of-the-art methods using annotated images, with an accuracy of 90.0% when evaluated on a set of 60 whole heart MR images containing healthy and pathological subjects.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://hal.archives...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2...
    Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://hal.archives...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://hal.archives-ouvertes....
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2...
      Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oruba, Ludivine; Soward, Andrew; Dormy, Emmanuel;

    A comprehensive study of the classical linear spin-down of a constant density viscous fluid (kinematic viscosity \nu) rotating rapidly (angular velocity \Omega) inside an axisymmetric cylindrical container (radius L, height H) with rigid boundaries, that follows the instantaneous small change in the boundary angular velocity at small Ekman number $E=\nu/H^2\Omega \ll 1$, was provided by Greenspan & Howard (1963). $E^{1/2}$-Ekman layers form quickly triggering inertial waves together with the dominant spin-down of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) interior flow on the $O(E^{-1/2}\Omega^{-1})$ time-scale. On the longer lateral viscous diffusion time-scale $O(L^2/\nu)$, the QG-flow responds to the $E^{1/3}$-side-wall shear-layers. In our variant the side-wall and top boundaries are stress-free; a setup motivated by the study of isolated atmospheric structures, such as tropical cyclones, or tornadoes. Relative to the unbounded plane layer case, spin-down is reduced (enhanced) by the presence of a slippery (rigid) side-wall. This is evinced by the QG-angular velocity, \omega*, evolution on the O(L^2/\nu) time-scale: Spatially, \omega* increases (decreases) outwards from the axis for a slippery (rigid) side-wall; temporally, the long-time ($\gg L^2/\nu)$ behaviour is dominated by an eigensolution with a decay rate slightly slower (faster) than that for an unbounded layer. In our slippery side-wall case, the $E^{1/2} \times E^{1/2}$ corner region that forms at the side-wall intersection with the rigid base is responsible for a $\ln E$ singularity within the $E^{1/3}$-layer causing our asymptotics to apply only at values of E far smaller than can be reached by our Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the entire spin-down process. Instead, we solve the $E^{1/3}$-boundary-layer equations for given E numerically. Our hybrid asymptotic-numerical approach yields results in excellent agreement with our DNS. Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures

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    Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
    Conference object . 2016
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Other literature type . Conference object . 2016
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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      Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
      Conference object . 2016
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      UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
      Other literature type . Conference object . 2016
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Fluid Mechanics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Hal-Diderot
      Article . 2017
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2016
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    Authors: Yin, Y; Adel, M; Bourennane, S;

    International audience; Vessel structures such as retinal vasculature are important features for computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, a probabilistic tracking method is proposed to detect blood vessels in retinal images. During the tracking process, vessel edge points are detected iteratively using local grey level statistics and vessel's continuity properties. At a given step, a statistic sampling scheme is adopted to select a number of vessel edge points candidates in a local studying area. Local vessel's sectional intensity profiles are estimated by a Gaussian shaped curve. A Bayesian method with the Maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability criterion is then used to identify local vessel's structure and find out the edge points from these candidates. Evaluation is performed on both simulated vascular and real retinal images. Different geometric shapes and noise levels are used for computer simulated images, whereas real retinal images from the REVIEW database are tested. Evaluation performance is done using the Segmentation Matching Factor (SMF) as a quality parameter. Our approach performed better when comparing it with Sun's and Chaudhuri's methods. ROC curves are also plotted, showing effective detection of retinal blood vessels (true positive rate) with less false detection (false positive rate) than Sun's method

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    Pattern Recognition; Oxford University Research Archive
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Pattern Recognition
    Article
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    Article . 2012
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      Pattern Recognition; Oxford University Research Archive
      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      Pattern Recognition
      Article
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      Article . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Johanna Alkan Olsson; Christian Bockstaller; Lee Stapleton; Frank Ewert; +7 Authors

    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM; International audience; The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development can be related to each other in a consistent way. Integrated assessment tools rely on such frameworks to capture and visualise trade-offs (antagonisms or synergies) among indicators between and within the three dimensions of sustainable development. The specific aims of this paper are to (i)present the GOF (ii) present how the GOF can be used to select indicators within the integrated assessment framework SEAMLESS-IF and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations with the proposed approach. We show that the GOF has several advantages. Its major rewards are its relative simplicity and the possibility to link indicators to policy goals of each dimension of sustainability and thereby facilitate the comparison of the impacts of the new policy on the different dimensions. Another important feature of the GOF is its multi-scale perspective, which will enable the comparison of effects of a new policy between scales. Yet, as typical for all indicator frameworks, the GOF has also biases either instigated by the issues the included models cover or by the stakeholders' selection of indicators. However, due to the way the GOF and its indicators are technically implemented in SEAMLESS-IF, it can easily be extended and include new indicators to increase and update its policy relevance.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Research@WUR; Enviro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR; Environmental Science & Policy
    Other literature type . Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Research@WUR; Enviro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR; Environmental Science & Policy
      Other literature type . Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Gul, Ammara; Wolthusen, Stephen;

    Part 2: Infrastructure Protection; International audience; State estimation is vital to the stability of control systems, especially in power systems, which rely heavily on measurement devices installed throughout wide-area power networks. Several researchers have analyzed the problems arising from bad data injection and topology errors, and have proposed protection and mitigation schemes. This chapter employs hierarchical state estimation based on the common weighted-least-squares formulation to study the propagation of faults in intermediate and top-level state estimates as a result of measurement reordering attacks on a single region in the bottom level. Although power grids are equipped with modern defense mechanisms such as those recommended by the ISO/IEC 62351 standard, reordering attacks are still possible. This chapter concentrates on how an inexpensive data swapping attack in one region in the lower level can influence the accuracy of other regions in the same level and upper levels, and force the system towards undesirable states. The results are validated using the IEEE 118-bus test case.

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    https://hal.archives-ouvertes....
    Part of book or chapter of book
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer Nature TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wazan, Ahmad Samer; Laborde, Romain; Chadwick, David W.; Barrere, François; +1 Authors

    International audience; The TLS protocol is the primary technology used for securing web transactions. It is based on X.509 certificates that are used for binding the identity of web servers' owners to their public keys. Web browsers perform the validation of X.509 certificates on behalf of Web users. Our previous research in 2009 showed that the validation process of Web browsers is inconsistent and flawed. We showed how this situation might have a negative impact on Web users. From 2009 until now, many new X.509 related standards have been created or updated. In this paper, we performed an increased set of experiments over our 2009 study in order to highlight the improvements and/or regressions in Web browsers' behaviours.

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    http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/...
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/compsa...
    Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tonametl Sanchez; Andrey Polyakov; Emilia Fridman; Laurentiu Hetel;

    In this paper, we propose a state-dependent switching controller for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) bilinear systems with constant delays in both the state and the input. The control input is assumed to be restricted to take only a finite number of values. The stability analysis of the closed loop is based on a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and the design is reduced to solve a system of linear matrix inequalities. The controller can be designed by considering (state) delay-dependent or delay-independent conditions.

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    IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Accattoli, Beniamino; Guerrieri, Giulio;

    International audience; The theory of the call-by-value λ-calculus relies on weak evaluation and closed terms, that are natural hypotheses in the study of programming languages. To model proof assistants, however, strong evaluation and open terms are required. Open call-by-value is the intermediate setting of weak evaluation with (possibly) open terms, on top of which Grégoire and Leroy designed one of the abstract machines of Coq. This paper provides a theory of abstract machines for the fireball calculus, the simplest presentation of open call-by-value. The literature contains machines that are either simple but inefficient, as they have an exponential overhead, or efficient but heavy, as they rely on a labeling of environments and a technical optimization. We introduce a machine that is simple and efficient: it does not use labels and it implements the fireball calculus within a bilinear overhead. Moreover, we provide a new fine understanding of how different optimizations impact on the complexity of the overhead, and evidence that the time cost model we work with is minimal.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Science of Computer ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Science of Computer Programming
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Science of Computer ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Science of Computer Programming
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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    Authors: Sayadi, Taraneh; Schmid, Peter J.; Nichols, Joseph W.; Moin, Parviz;

    AbstractDirect numerical simulations (DNS) of controlled H- and K-type transitions to turbulence in an $M = 0.2$ (where $M$ is the Mach number) nominally zero-pressure-gradient and spatially developing flat-plate boundary layer are considered. Sayadi, Hamman & Moin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 724, 2013, pp. 480–509) showed that with the start of the transition process, the skin-friction profiles of these controlled transitions diverge abruptly from the laminar value and overshoot the turbulent estimation. The objective of this work is to identify the structures of dynamical importance throughout the transitional region. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) (Schmid, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 656, 2010, pp. 5–28) as an optimal phase-averaging process, together with triple decomposition (Reynolds & Hussain, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 54 (02), 1972, pp. 263–288), is employed to assess the contribution of each coherent structure to the total Reynolds shear stress. This analysis shows that low-frequency modes, corresponding to the legs of hairpin vortices, contribute most to the total Reynolds shear stress. The use of composite DMD of the vortical structures together with the skin-friction coefficient allows the assessment of the coupling between near-wall structures captured by the low-frequency modes and their contribution to the total skin-friction coefficient. We are able to show that the low-frequency modes provide an accurate estimate of the skin-friction coefficient through the transition process. This is of interest since large-eddy simulation (LES) of the same configuration fails to provide a good prediction of the rise to this overshoot. The reduced-order representation of the flow is used to compare the LES and the DNS results within this region. Application of this methodology to the LES of the H-type transition illustrates the effect of the grid resolution and the subgrid-scale model on the estimated shear stress of these low-frequency modes. The analysis shows that although the shapes and frequencies of the low-frequency modes are independent of the resolution, the amplitudes are underpredicted in the LES, resulting in underprediction of the Reynolds shear stress.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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      Journal of Fluid Mechanics
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    Authors: Marian Rizov; Patrick Paul Walsh;

    The focus of the paper is on evaluating the productivity gap between rural and urban locations in the UK using micro data. We build a structural model of the unobservable productivity emphasising the link between productivity and spatial density of economic activity and adapt the semi-parametric estimation approach proposed in Olley and Pakes (1996) to estimate the parameters of production functions at firm level, within 4-digit UK manufacturing industries, for the period 1997 - 2001. We allow market structure to differ by endogenous export status and location choices and model productivity as a second-order Markov process which greatly enhances our ability to obtain unbiased and consistent estimates of TFP measures at firm level. We aggregate the firm TFPs by location category following the 2004 DEFRA definition of rural and find that aggregate productivity systematically differs across urban, rural less sparse and rural sparse locations as the magnitudes of the differentials are 13.2 percent and 18.0 percent, respectively. Our results are in line with several recent studies. Next, we decompose aggregate productivity into productivity index and industry composition index. The productivity index is the highest in urban locations suggesting that productivity is strongly influenced by density of economic activity and proximity to economic mass. Because industry composition index is positively correlated with productivity index it is evident that locations with high productivity are also characterised by industrial structure enhancing productivity. Further, analysing changes in the decomposition indexes over two periods, before and after implementation of the Euro by the UK main trading partners, reveals substantial heterogeneity in responses across location categories under increased competitive pressure. The main finding is that there is a tendency of rural sparse locations catching up with the urban and rural less sparse location categories in terms of aggregate productivity over the period of analysis. We also find evidence that increased competitive pressure as a result of changes in trade conditions after implementation of the Euro by the UK's main trading partners has acted as a substitute for the role of density of economic activity in enhancing industry composition, especially in rural sparse locations.

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    EconStor
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    Regional Studies
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Zuluaga, M. A.; Burgos, Ninon; Taylor, A. M.; Ourselin, S.;

    International audience; Atlas-based analysis methods rely on the morphological similarity between the atlas and target images, and on the availability of labelled images. Problems can arise when the deformations introduced by pathologies affect the similarity between the atlas and a patient's image. The aim of this work is to exploit the morphological dissimilarities between atlas databases and pathological images to diagnose the underlying clinical condition, while avoiding the dependence on labelled images. To this end, the proposed method is formulated under the principle of atlas-based segmentation but, instead of propagating labels, we propagate image intensities. Using a set of MR atlas databases, each database associated with a clinical condition, synthetic images are generated for a target image. The diagnosis is established by assessing the degree of similarity between the synthetic images and the target and assigning the condition of the top-ranked synthetic image. The obtained results are comparable to state-of-the-art methods using annotated images, with an accuracy of 90.0% when evaluated on a set of 60 whole heart MR images containing healthy and pathological subjects.

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2...
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2...
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    Authors: Oruba, Ludivine; Soward, Andrew; Dormy, Emmanuel;

    A comprehensive study of the classical linear spin-down of a constant density viscous fluid (kinematic viscosity \nu) rotating rapidly (angular velocity \Omega) inside an axisymmetric cylindrical container (radius L, height H) with rigid boundaries, that follows the instantaneous small change in the boundary angular velocity at small Ekman number $E=\nu/H^2\Omega \ll 1$, was provided by Greenspan & Howard (1963). $E^{1/2}$-Ekman layers form quickly triggering inertial waves together with the dominant spin-down of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) interior flow on the $O(E^{-1/2}\Omega^{-1})$ time-scale. On the longer lateral viscous diffusion time-scale $O(L^2/\nu)$, the QG-flow responds to the $E^{1/3}$-side-wall shear-layers. In our variant the side-wall and top boundaries are stress-free; a setup motivated by the study of isolated atmospheric structures, such as tropical cyclones, or tornadoes. Relative to the unbounded plane layer case, spin-down is reduced (enhanced) by the presence of a slippery (rigid) side-wall. This is evinced by the QG-angular velocity, \omega*, evolution on the O(L^2/\nu) time-scale: Spatially, \omega* increases (decreases) outwards from the axis for a slippery (rigid) side-wall; temporally, the long-time ($\gg L^2/\nu)$ behaviour is dominated by an eigensolution with a decay rate slightly slower (faster) than that for an unbounded layer. In our slippery side-wall case, the $E^{1/2} \times E^{1/2}$ corner region that forms at the side-wall intersection with the rigid base is responsible for a $\ln E$ singularity within the $E^{1/3}$-layer causing our asymptotics to apply only at values of E far smaller than can be reached by our Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the entire spin-down process. Instead, we solve the $E^{1/3}$-boundary-layer equations for given E numerically. Our hybrid asymptotic-numerical approach yields results in excellent agreement with our DNS. Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures

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    Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
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    Journal of Fluid Mechanics
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      Journal of Fluid Mechanics
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Yin, Y; Adel, M; Bourennane, S;

    International audience; Vessel structures such as retinal vasculature are important features for computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, a probabilistic tracking method is proposed to detect blood vessels in retinal images. During the tracking process, vessel edge points are detected iteratively using local grey level statistics and vessel's continuity properties. At a given step, a statistic sampling scheme is adopted to select a number of vessel edge points candidates in a local studying area. Local vessel's sectional intensity profiles are estimated by a Gaussian shaped curve. A Bayesian method with the Maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability criterion is then used to identify local vessel's structure and find out the edge points from these candidates. Evaluation is performed on both simulated vascular and real retinal images. Different geometric shapes and noise levels are used for computer simulated images, whereas real retinal images from the REVIEW database are tested. Evaluation performance is done using the Segmentation Matching Factor (SMF) as a quality parameter. Our approach performed better when comparing it with Sun's and Chaudhuri's methods. ROC curves are also plotted, showing effective detection of retinal blood vessels (true positive rate) with less false detection (false positive rate) than Sun's method

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    Pattern Recognition; Oxford University Research Archive
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Pattern Recognition
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      Pattern Recognition; Oxford University Research Archive
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      Pattern Recognition
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    Authors: Johanna Alkan Olsson; Christian Bockstaller; Lee Stapleton; Frank Ewert; +7 Authors

    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM; International audience; The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development can be related to each other in a consistent way. Integrated assessment tools rely on such frameworks to capture and visualise trade-offs (antagonisms or synergies) among indicators between and within the three dimensions of sustainable development. The specific aims of this paper are to (i)present the GOF (ii) present how the GOF can be used to select indicators within the integrated assessment framework SEAMLESS-IF and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations with the proposed approach. We show that the GOF has several advantages. Its major rewards are its relative simplicity and the possibility to link indicators to policy goals of each dimension of sustainability and thereby facilitate the comparison of the impacts of the new policy on the different dimensions. Another important feature of the GOF is its multi-scale perspective, which will enable the comparison of effects of a new policy between scales. Yet, as typical for all indicator frameworks, the GOF has also biases either instigated by the issues the included models cover or by the stakeholders' selection of indicators. However, due to the way the GOF and its indicators are technically implemented in SEAMLESS-IF, it can easily be extended and include new indicators to increase and update its policy relevance.

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    Research@WUR; Environmental Science & Policy
    Other literature type . Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Research@WUR; Environmental Science & Policy
      Other literature type . Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Gul, Ammara; Wolthusen, Stephen;

    Part 2: Infrastructure Protection; International audience; State estimation is vital to the stability of control systems, especially in power systems, which rely heavily on measurement devices installed throughout wide-area power networks. Several researchers have analyzed the problems arising from bad data injection and topology errors, and have proposed protection and mitigation schemes. This chapter employs hierarchical state estimation based on the common weighted-least-squares formulation to study the propagation of faults in intermediate and top-level state estimates as a result of measurement reordering attacks on a single region in the bottom level. Although power grids are equipped with modern defense mechanisms such as those recommended by the ISO/IEC 62351 standard, reordering attacks are still possible. This chapter concentrates on how an inexpensive data swapping attack in one region in the lower level can influence the accuracy of other regions in the same level and upper levels, and force the system towards undesirable states. The results are validated using the IEEE 118-bus test case.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Wazan, Ahmad Samer; Laborde, Romain; Chadwick, David W.; Barrere, François; +1 Authors

    International audience; The TLS protocol is the primary technology used for securing web transactions. It is based on X.509 certificates that are used for binding the identity of web servers' owners to their public keys. Web browsers perform the validation of X.509 certificates on behalf of Web users. Our previous research in 2009 showed that the validation process of Web browsers is inconsistent and flawed. We showed how this situation might have a negative impact on Web users. From 2009 until now, many new X.509 related standards have been created or updated. In this paper, we performed an increased set of experiments over our 2009 study in order to highlight the improvements and/or regressions in Web browsers' behaviours.

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    http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/...
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/compsa...
    Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tonametl Sanchez; Andrey Polyakov; Emilia Fridman; Laurentiu Hetel;

    In this paper, we propose a state-dependent switching controller for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) bilinear systems with constant delays in both the state and the input. The control input is assumed to be restricted to take only a finite number of values. The stability analysis of the closed loop is based on a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and the design is reduced to solve a system of linear matrix inequalities. The controller can be designed by considering (state) delay-dependent or delay-independent conditions.

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    IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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