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The research group on four-dimensional research and communication of urban history (HistStadt4D) investigates and develops methods and technologies to transfer extensive repositories of historical photographs and their contextual information into a three-dimensional spatial model, with an additional temporal component. This will make content accessible to researchers and the public, via a 4D browser as well as a location-dependent augmented reality representation. Against this background, this article highlights users and requirements of both scholarly and touristic usage of digital information about urban history, in particular historical photographs.

Gazetteers, i.e., lists of place-names, enable having a global vision of places of interest through the assignment of a point, or a region, to a place name. However, such identification of the location corresponding to a place name is often a difficult task. There is no one-to-one correspondence between the two sets, places and names, because of name variants, different names for the same place and homonymy; the location corresponding to a place name may vary in time, changing its extension or even the position; and, in general, there is the imprecision deriving from the association of a concept belonging to language (the place name) to a precise concept (the spatial location). Also for named time periods, e.g., early Bronze Age, which are of current use in archaeology, the situation is similar: they depend on the location to which they refer as the same period may have different time-spans in different locations. The present paper avails of a recent extension of the CIDOC CRM called CRMgeo, which embeds events in a spatio-temporal 4-dimensional framework. The paper uses concepts from CRMgeo and introduces extensions to model gazetteers and period thesauri. This approach enables dealing with time-varying location appellations as well as with space-varying period appellations on a robust basis. For this purpose a refinement/extension of CRMgeo is proposed and a discretization of space and time is used to approximate real space---time extents occupied by events. Such an approach solves the problem and suggests further investigations in various directions.

This study aims to improve the knowledge of polychrome Roman sarcophagi by showing the first observations about the colour palette detected and the painting techniques by combining archaeological research with scientific results. These results are the base to understand the ancient colour and to improve the virtual reconstruction through the use of 3D Computer Graphic.

Exploring the connections between successive phases and overlapping layers from different ages in an ancient building is paramount for its understanding and study. Archaeologists and cultural heritage experts are always eager to unveil the hidden relations of an archaeological building to reconstruct its history and for its interpretation. This paper presents CRMba, a CIDOC CRM extension developed to facilitate the discovery and the interpretation of archaeological resources through the definition of new concepts required to describe the complexity of historic buildings. The CRMba contributes to solving the datasets interoperability issue by exploiting the use of the CIDOC CRM to overcome data fragmentation, to investigate the semantics of building components, of functional spaces and of the construction phases of historic buildings and complexes, making explicit their physical and topological relations through time and space. The approach used for the development of the CRMba makes the model valid for the documentation of different kinds of buildings, across periods, styles and conservation state.

The current article focuses on the miniscule Bulgarian trace in worldwide associative lexicography. The three published Bulgarian associative dictionaries are represented in the terms of LABLASS, the first Bulgarian web-based system, whose development is ensured within the working program of the ClaDa-BG project. At present, users have access to the pilot version of the system, which is periodically updated. Its functionalities are not limited to the inclusion of existing lexicographic sources but are quite broader, and include the creation of new dictionaries, the visualization and juxtaposition if data from different sources.

Predstavljanje DARIAH-ERIC konzorcija.

The paper addresses the issue of documenting and communicating the reliability of evidence interpretation in archaeology and, in general, in heritage science. It is proposed to express reliability with fuzzy logic, and model it using an extension of CIDOC CRM classes and properties. This proposed extension is compared with other CRM extensions.

DARIAH (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities) is part of the European Strategy on Research Infrastructures. Among 38 projects originally on this roadmap, DARIAH is one of two projects addressing social sciences and humanities. According to its self-conception and its political mandate DARIAH has the mission to enhance and support digitally-enabled research across the humanities and arts. DARIAH aims to develop and maintain an infrastructure in support of ICT-based research practices. One main distinguishing aspect of DARIAH is that it is not focusing on one application domain but especially addresses the support of interdisciplinary research in the humanities and arts. The present paper first gives an overview on DARIAH as a whole and then focuses on the important aspect of technical, syntactic and semantic interoperability. Important aspects in this respect are metadata registries and crosswalk definitions allowing for meaningful cross-collection and inter-collection services and analysis.

New software paradigm for linguistic/phonetic tools: webservices.Webservices as building blocks for complex systems.BAS CLARIN webservices: a free service to the scientific community.Multilingual automatic segmentation and labelling of speech into words and phones.Multilingual automatic text-to-phoneme conversion webservice. A new software paradigm `Software as a Service' based on web services is proposed for multilingual linguistic tools and exemplified with the BAS CLARIN web services. Instead of traditional tool development and distribution the tool functionality is implemented on a highly available server that users or applications access via HTTP requests. As examples we describe in detail five multilingual web services for speech science operational since 2012 and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the new paradigm as well as our experiences with user acceptance and implementation problems. The services include automatic segmentation of speech, grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, syllabification, speech synthesis, and optimal symbol sequence alignment.