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  • Neuroinformatics
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    Authors: Abdelghani Laifa; Laurent Gautier; Christophe Cruz;

    International audience; The present work aims to develop a text summarisation system for financial texts with a focus on the fluidity of the target language. Linguistic analysis shows that the process of writing summaries should take into account not only terminological and collocational extraction, but also a range of linguistic material referred to here as the "support lexicon", that plays an important role in the cognitive organisation of the field. On this basis, this paper highlights the relevance of pre-training the CamemBERT model on a French financial dataset to extend its domainspecific vocabulary and fine-tuning it on extractive summarisation. We then evaluate the impact of textual data augmentation, improving the performance of our extractive text summarisation model by up to 6%-11%.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carbonnel, Laure;

    Carbonnel Laure. Archives (des) sciences humaines : trois mots clefs pour engager les responsabilités. In: La Gazette des archives, n°246, 2017. Archiver la recherche : responsabilités partagées. Actes de la journée d’études de la section Aurore – archivistes des universités, rectorats, organismes de recherche et mouvements étudiants – de l’Association des archivistes français du 23 juin 2016. pp. 13-24.

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    La Gazette des archives
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Reveyron, Nicolas;

    Reveyron Nicolas. La fondation des monastères au moyen âge, entre récit et archéologie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 160e année, N. 1, 2016. pp. 141-184.

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    Authors: Savary, Agata;

    In my habilitation dissertation, meant to validate my capacity of and maturity for directingresearch activities, I present a panorama of several topics in computational linguistics, linguisticsand computer science.Over the past decade, I was notably concerned with the phenomena of compositionalityand variability of linguistic objects. I illustrate the advantages of a compositional approachto the language in the domain of emotion detection and I explain how some linguistic objects,most prominently multi-word expressions, defy the compositionality principles. I demonstratethat the complex properties of MWEs, notably variability, are partially regular and partiallyidiosyncratic. This fact places the MWEs on the frontiers between different levels of linguisticprocessing, such as lexicon and syntax.I show the highly heterogeneous nature of MWEs by citing their two existing taxonomies.After an extensive state-of-the art study of MWE description and processing, I summarizeMultiflex, a formalism and a tool for lexical high-quality morphosyntactic description of MWUs.It uses a graph-based approach in which the inflection of a MWU is expressed in function ofthe morphology of its components, and of morphosyntactic transformation patterns. Due tounification the inflection paradigms are represented compactly. Orthographic, inflectional andsyntactic variants are treated within the same framework. The proposal is multilingual: it hasbeen tested on six European languages of three different origins (Germanic, Romance and Slavic),I believe that many others can also be successfully covered. Multiflex proves interoperable. Itadapts to different morphological language models, token boundary definitions, and underlyingmodules for the morphology of single words. It has been applied to the creation and enrichmentof linguistic resources, as well as to morphosyntactic analysis and generation. It can be integratedinto other NLP applications requiring the conflation of different surface realizations of the sameconcept.Another chapter of my activity concerns named entities, most of which are particular types ofMWEs. Their rich semantic load turned them into a hot topic in the NLP community, which isdocumented in my state-of-the art survey. I present the main assumptions, processes and resultsissued from large annotation tasks at two levels (for named entities and for coreference), parts ofthe National Corpus of Polish construction. I have also contributed to the development of bothrule-based and probabilistic named entity recognition tools, and to an automated enrichment ofProlexbase, a large multilingual database of proper names, from open sources.With respect to multi-word expressions, named entities and coreference mentions, I pay aspecial attention to nested structures. This problem sheds new light on the treatment of complexlinguistic units in NLP. When these units start being modeled as trees (or, more generally, asacyclic graphs) rather than as flat sequences of tokens, long-distance dependencies, discontinu-ities, overlapping and other frequent linguistic properties become easier to represent. This callsfor more complex processing methods which control larger contexts than what usually happensin sequential processing. Thus, both named entity recognition and coreference resolution comesvery close to parsing, and named entities or mentions with their nested structures are analogous3to multi-word expressions with embedded complements.My parallel activity concerns finite-state methods for natural language and XML processing.My main contribution in this field, co-authored with 2 colleagues, is the first full-fledged methodfor tree-to-language correction, and more precisely for correcting XML documents with respectto a DTD. We have also produced interesting results in incremental finite-state algorithmics,particularly relevant to data evolution contexts such as dynamic vocabularies or user updates.Multilingualism is the leitmotif of my research. I have applied my methods to several naturallanguages, most importantly to Polish, Serbian, English and French. I have been among theinitiators of a highly multilingual European scientific network dedicated to parsing and multi-word expressions. I have used multilingual linguistic data in experimental studies. I believethat it is particularly worthwhile to design NLP solutions taking declension-rich (e.g. Slavic)languages into account, since this leads to more universal solutions, at least as far as nominalconstructions (MWUs, NEs, mentions) are concerned. For instance, when Multiflex had beendeveloped with Polish in mind it could be applied as such to French, English, Serbian and Greek.Also, a French-Serbian collaboration led to substantial modifications in morphological modelingin Prolexbase in its early development stages. This allowed for its later application to Polishwith very few adaptations of the existing model. Other researchers also stress the advantages ofNLP studies on highly inflected languages since their morphology encodes much more syntacticinformation than is the case e.g. in English.In this dissertation I am also supposed to demonstrate my ability of playing an active rolein shaping the scientific landscape, on a local, national and international scale. I describemy: (i) various scientific collaborations and supervision activities, (ii) roles in over 10 regional,national and international projects, (iii) responsibilities in collective bodies such as program andorganizing committees of conferences and workshops, PhD juries, and the National UniversityCouncil (CNU), (iv) activity as an evaluator and a reviewer of European collaborative projects.The issues addressed in this dissertation open interesting scientific perspectives, in whicha special impact is put on links among various domains and communities. These perspectivesinclude: (i) integrating fine-grained language data into the linked open data, (ii) deep parsingof multi-word expressions, (iii) modeling multi-word expression identification in a treebank as atree-to-language correction problem, and (iv) a taxonomy and an experimental benchmark fortree-to-language correction approaches.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Le Jan, Régine;

    Het huwelijk van Gisela, dochter van Louis de Vrome en Judith, met Eberhard, een lid van de machtige Unrochide dynastie en honorius van Frioel, in dienst van Lotharius I, maakt deel uit van de onderhandelingen om de keizerlijke successie te regelen, eind van de jaren 830. Zowel door zijn ongebruikelijke omvang, zijn fiscaal karakter en zijn geografische impact, werpt de bruidsschat die aan Gisela werd toegekend een duidelijk licht op de inzet van de competitie zowel op niveau van het rijk als in de naburige streken, tussen de jaren 830 en het einde van de negende eeuw. Zijn symbolische kracht kan beschouwd worden als de materiële hoeksteen van de band gecreëerd door het huwelijk van Eberhard en de dochter van de keizer. De bruidsschat werd vervolgens geïnstrumentaliseerd door vele acteurs : eerst en vooral het Eberhard – Gisela echtpaar zelf die het onder zijn jongere zonen verdeelde om aldus de oudste zoon het Italiaanse en Germaanse erfgoed over te laten, en die er ook, steunend op zijn belastingautoriteiten, een klooster mee stichtte toevertrouwd aan één van de zonen, de plaats waar Gisela de familie-memoria zou laten onderhouden naar het model van de koninginnen. Verder, door de Unrochiden die het niet nalieten via de bezittingen in het Frankische Rijk en Lotharingen om hun macht te verrijken. Door Karel de Kale, uiteindelijk, die de rechten op de belastingvoordelen behield, die ze in beslag nam en teruggaf naar gelang van zijn relaties met Eberhard en zijn groep. Het verder verloop van deze bezittingen, zowel lokaal als op keizerlijk vlak, toont aan dat de symbolische kracht ervan werd overwogen, leidde tot onderhandelingen en dat de componenten ervan werden gehiërarchiseerd. Toen Eberhard nog leefde nam het echtpaar het risico de bruidsschat te verliezen, of althans een deel ervan, om meer prestige en macht te verwerven bij Lodewijk ii in Italië. Omgekeerd, eenmaal weduwe, verkoos Gisela Italië, waar haar oudste zoon de plaats van de vader had ingenomen, te verlaten om haar bruidsschat in het Frankische Rijk opnieuw terug in handen te nemen, mits schijnonderdanigheid aan haar broeder en zijn keizerlijke ambities. De bruidsschatanalyse maakt het dus mogelijk, via verschillende invalshoeken, om Gisela in een meer globale context te benaderen ten gunste van de integriteit van haar persoonlijkheid, rekening gehouden met de verstreken tijd en het verloop van het leven van een vrouw onderworpen aan druk en aan de grillen van de politiek, maar die perfect bewust is van haar status en meer dan waarschijnlijk gefocust op haar eigen doelwitten. Le mariage de Gisèle, fille de Louis le Pieux et de Judith, avec Évrard, un membre du groupe puissant Unrochide et titulaire d’honores en Frioul au service de Lothaire Ier, s’inscrit dans le contexte des négociations devant régler la succession impériale, à la fin des années 830. Par son ampleur inhabituelle, son caractère fiscal, sa situation géographique, la dot qui fut accordée à Gisèle révèle les enjeux de la compétition qui s’est jouée à l’échelle de l’empire et dans les régions transfrontalières, entre les années 830 et la fin du ixe siècle. Sa puissance symbolique était le substrat matériel d’un lien créé par le mariage d’Évrard et de la fille de l’empereur. Elle a ensuite été instrumentalisée par de nombreux acteurs : par le couple Évrard – Gisèle qui l’a répartie entre ses fils cadets pour permettre à l’aîné de recevoir l’héritage italien et alémanique, et qui a aussi réussi à fonder sur un de ces fiscs un monastère, confié à l’un des fils, où Gisèle elle-même ferait entretenir la memoria familiale, sur le modèle des reines ; par le groupe unrochide qui n’a pas manqué de s’appuyer sur ces biens en Francie et en Lotharingie pour gagner en puissance ; par Charles le Chauve qui conservait des droits sur ces biens fiscaux, qui les a confisqués, restitués, au gré de ses relations avec Évrard et son groupe. Le devenir des biens, envisagé à l’échelle locale et à l’échelle impériale, montre que le champ symbolique était lui-même évalué, négocié, hiérarchisé, puisque, du vivant d’Évrard, le couple a finalement préféré prendre le risque de perdre tout ou partie de la dot pour gagner en prestige et puissance du côté de Louis ii en Italie. Mais à l’inverse, une fois veuve, Gisèle a choisi de quitter l’Italie, où son fils aîné avait pris la place du père, pour retrouver ses biens dotaux en Francie, au prix de sa soumission, au moins apparente, à son frère et à ses ambitions impériales. L’analyse de la dot permet ainsi, en faisant varier la focale, de réinsérer Gisèle dans le contexte global pour retrouver l’unité de sa personne, tout en laissant place au temps, au déroulement de la vie d’une femme, soumise aux aléas de la politique et aux pressions, mais parfaitement consciente de son statut et sans doute de ses objectifs. The marriage of Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious and Judith, with Eberhard, a member of the powerful Unrochide dynasty and honorius of Friuli, faithful of Lothar i, is part of the negotiations to settle the imperial succession, at the end of the 830s. By its unusual size, its fiscal character, its geographical location, Gisela’s dowry reveals the stakes of the competition at the level of the empire and its borders, between the 830s and the end of the 9th century. Its symbolic power gave physical form to the bond created by the marriage of Eberhard and the daughter of the emperor. It was then exploited by many actors : first by the Eberhard – Gisela couple who divided it among his younger sons to allow the elder one to receive the Italian and Germanic heritage, and who also succeeded in founding on one of its fisci a monastery given to one of the sons, where Gisela herself would maintain the family memoria just as the Late Carolingian queens did ; by the Unrochide group relying on its possessions in Francia and Lothringia to gain power ; by Charles the Bald, who retained rights over these fisci, who confiscated and restored them according to his relations with Eberhard and his group. How these possessions were managed, both at the local and imperial scale, shows that the very symbolic aspect was valued, negotiated and even ranked with others, and during Eberhard’s lifetime, the couple ultimately took the risk of losing all or part of the dowry in order to increase its prestige and power with Louis ii of Italy. But conversely, once a widow, Gisela chose to leave Italy, where her eldest son had taken his father’s place, to recuperate her dowry in France, making submission to her brother and his imperial ambitions. By multiplying the approaches, the analysis of Gisela’s dowry makes it possible to envisage the emperor’s daughter in a more global context, describing her as a whole, varying in time and unfolding her life as a woman subject to pressure and to the vagaries of politics, but perfectly aware of her status and without doubt the objectives she set forth. Le Jan Régine. Quand l’empereur marie sa fille : la dot de Gisèle, fille de Louis le Pieux et de Judith, en son contexte. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 96, fasc. 2, 2018. Histoire – Geschiedenis. pp. 597-612.

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    Revue belge de philologie et d histoire
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Monnier, Alexandre; Nicolas, Théophane; Peake, Rebecca; Roscio, Mafalda;

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  • Authors: Merabti, Tayeb; Lelong, Romain; Darmoni, Stefan;

    The aim of this paper was to present a practical InfoRoute algorithm and applications developed by CISMeF to perform a contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in different health domains.The algorithm was developed to treat multiple types of queries: natural, Boolean and advanced. The algorithm also generates multiple types of queries: Boolean query, PubMed query or Advanced query. Each query can be extended via an inter alignments relationship from UMLS and HeTOP portal.A web service and two web applications have been developed based on the InfoRoute algorithm to generate links-query across multiple websites, i.e.: "PubMed" or "ClinicalTrials.org".The InfoRoute algorithm is a useful tool to perform contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in both English and French.

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    Authors: Potier, Jean-Pierre;

    Introduction Vers la fin de sa vie, au cours du discours prononcé à l’occasion de son Jubilé cinquantenaire d’économiste à l’Université de Lausanne, intitulé « Ruchonnet et le socialisme scientifique », Léon Walras remarquait : Il est certain, d’abord, que la détermination du salaire au moyen de grèves et de lock-outs, c’est-à-dire, en définitive, par échange de coups de pierre, contre coups de fusil, est un procédé sauvage. Mais il l’est également que, pour substituer à ce procédé celui de l...

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    https://doi.org/10.4000/books....
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    OpenEdition
    Book . 2018
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    Authors: Simonnot, Josephine;

    La plateforme web en ligne pour les archives sonores du CNRS-Musée de l’Homme permet d’accéder à des enregistrements musicaux du monde entier, publiés (disques) et inédit, collectés depuis les années 1900 jusqu’à nos jours. Nous présentons d’abord ces archives sonores gérées par le Centre de recherche en ethnomusicologie. Nous expliquons ensuite leur entrée dans le nouvel écosystème du Web ainsi que leur ouverture à un large public grâce à des outils d’analyse et de visualisation du son. Enfin, nous étudions comment une base de données d’archives sonores peut devenir un outil de collaboration pour produire et la diffuser des connaissances. The online web-based platform for the French CNRS-Musée de l'Homme sound archives offers access to published and unpublished recordings of music from all over the world, collected from the 1900's through the present day. We first introduce these sound archives managed by the Research Centre for Ethnomusicology. We then explain their entry in the new web ecosystem as well as their availability to a broad audience through a suite of tools for analysis and visualization. Finally, we study how a sound archive database can become a collaborative tool for the production and dissemination of knowledge.

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    Authors: Mancini, Bruno;

    Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce roman, qui tient à la fois du genre policier et du roman de formation, écrit à la première personne, en suivant le parcours du protagoniste et narrateur omniscient. Nous l’accompagnerons à travers sa quête, tiraillé entre son monde propre – riche de rêves, de passions, d’altruismes –, celui de ses camarades, où l’amitié se teint d’égoïsme, de jalousie, d’agressivité et le monde des adultes, aimés mais incompris, victimes et bourreaux à la fois, émissaires d’un monde régi par la convoitise. Cercheremo di analizzare questo romanzo, allo stesso tempo romanzo giallo e romanzo di formazione, scritto in persona, seguendo il percorso del protagonista e narratore onnisciente. Lo accompagneremo attraverso il suo viaggio iniziatico sballottato tra il suo proprio mondo – ricco di sogni, di passioni, di altruismi –, quello dei suoi coetanei, in cui l’amicizia si tinge di egoismo, di gelosia, di aggressività e il mondo degli adulti, amati ma incompresi, vittime e boia allo stesso tempo, emissari di un mondo retto dalla bramosia.

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    Italies
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    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Abdelghani Laifa; Laurent Gautier; Christophe Cruz;

    International audience; The present work aims to develop a text summarisation system for financial texts with a focus on the fluidity of the target language. Linguistic analysis shows that the process of writing summaries should take into account not only terminological and collocational extraction, but also a range of linguistic material referred to here as the "support lexicon", that plays an important role in the cognitive organisation of the field. On this basis, this paper highlights the relevance of pre-training the CamemBERT model on a French financial dataset to extend its domainspecific vocabulary and fine-tuning it on extractive summarisation. We then evaluate the impact of textual data augmentation, improving the performance of our extractive text summarisation model by up to 6%-11%.

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    https://hal.archives-ouvertes....
    Part of book or chapter of book
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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carbonnel, Laure;

    Carbonnel Laure. Archives (des) sciences humaines : trois mots clefs pour engager les responsabilités. In: La Gazette des archives, n°246, 2017. Archiver la recherche : responsabilités partagées. Actes de la journée d’études de la section Aurore – archivistes des universités, rectorats, organismes de recherche et mouvements étudiants – de l’Association des archivistes français du 23 juin 2016. pp. 13-24.

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    La Gazette des archives
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Reveyron, Nicolas;

    Reveyron Nicolas. La fondation des monastères au moyen âge, entre récit et archéologie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 160e année, N. 1, 2016. pp. 141-184.

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    Authors: Savary, Agata;

    In my habilitation dissertation, meant to validate my capacity of and maturity for directingresearch activities, I present a panorama of several topics in computational linguistics, linguisticsand computer science.Over the past decade, I was notably concerned with the phenomena of compositionalityand variability of linguistic objects. I illustrate the advantages of a compositional approachto the language in the domain of emotion detection and I explain how some linguistic objects,most prominently multi-word expressions, defy the compositionality principles. I demonstratethat the complex properties of MWEs, notably variability, are partially regular and partiallyidiosyncratic. This fact places the MWEs on the frontiers between different levels of linguisticprocessing, such as lexicon and syntax.I show the highly heterogeneous nature of MWEs by citing their two existing taxonomies.After an extensive state-of-the art study of MWE description and processing, I summarizeMultiflex, a formalism and a tool for lexical high-quality morphosyntactic description of MWUs.It uses a graph-based approach in which the inflection of a MWU is expressed in function ofthe morphology of its components, and of morphosyntactic transformation patterns. Due tounification the inflection paradigms are represented compactly. Orthographic, inflectional andsyntactic variants are treated within the same framework. The proposal is multilingual: it hasbeen tested on six European languages of three different origins (Germanic, Romance and Slavic),I believe that many others can also be successfully covered. Multiflex proves interoperable. Itadapts to different morphological language models, token boundary definitions, and underlyingmodules for the morphology of single words. It has been applied to the creation and enrichmentof linguistic resources, as well as to morphosyntactic analysis and generation. It can be integratedinto other NLP applications requiring the conflation of different surface realizations of the sameconcept.Another chapter of my activity concerns named entities, most of which are particular types ofMWEs. Their rich semantic load turned them into a hot topic in the NLP community, which isdocumented in my state-of-the art survey. I present the main assumptions, processes and resultsissued from large annotation tasks at two levels (for named entities and for coreference), parts ofthe National Corpus of Polish construction. I have also contributed to the development of bothrule-based and probabilistic named entity recognition tools, and to an automated enrichment ofProlexbase, a large multilingual database of proper names, from open sources.With respect to multi-word expressions, named entities and coreference mentions, I pay aspecial attention to nested structures. This problem sheds new light on the treatment of complexlinguistic units in NLP. When these units start being modeled as trees (or, more generally, asacyclic graphs) rather than as flat sequences of tokens, long-distance dependencies, discontinu-ities, overlapping and other frequent linguistic properties become easier to represent. This callsfor more complex processing methods which control larger contexts than what usually happensin sequential processing. Thus, both named entity recognition and coreference resolution comesvery close to parsing, and named entities or mentions with their nested structures are analogous3to multi-word expressions with embedded complements.My parallel activity concerns finite-state methods for natural language and XML processing.My main contribution in this field, co-authored with 2 colleagues, is the first full-fledged methodfor tree-to-language correction, and more precisely for correcting XML documents with respectto a DTD. We have also produced interesting results in incremental finite-state algorithmics,particularly relevant to data evolution contexts such as dynamic vocabularies or user updates.Multilingualism is the leitmotif of my research. I have applied my methods to several naturallanguages, most importantly to Polish, Serbian, English and French. I have been among theinitiators of a highly multilingual European scientific network dedicated to parsing and multi-word expressions. I have used multilingual linguistic data in experimental studies. I believethat it is particularly worthwhile to design NLP solutions taking declension-rich (e.g. Slavic)languages into account, since this leads to more universal solutions, at least as far as nominalconstructions (MWUs, NEs, mentions) are concerned. For instance, when Multiflex had beendeveloped with Polish in mind it could be applied as such to French, English, Serbian and Greek.Also, a French-Serbian collaboration led to substantial modifications in morphological modelingin Prolexbase in its early development stages. This allowed for its later application to Polishwith very few adaptations of the existing model. Other researchers also stress the advantages ofNLP studies on highly inflected languages since their morphology encodes much more syntacticinformation than is the case e.g. in English.In this dissertation I am also supposed to demonstrate my ability of playing an active rolein shaping the scientific landscape, on a local, national and international scale. I describemy: (i) various scientific collaborations and supervision activities, (ii) roles in over 10 regional,national and international projects, (iii) responsibilities in collective bodies such as program andorganizing committees of conferences and workshops, PhD juries, and the National UniversityCouncil (CNU), (iv) activity as an evaluator and a reviewer of European collaborative projects.The issues addressed in this dissertation open interesting scientific perspectives, in whicha special impact is put on links among various domains and communities. These perspectivesinclude: (i) integrating fine-grained language data into the linked open data, (ii) deep parsingof multi-word expressions, (iii) modeling multi-word expression identification in a treebank as atree-to-language correction problem, and (iv) a taxonomy and an experimental benchmark fortree-to-language correction approaches.

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    Authors: Le Jan, Régine;

    Het huwelijk van Gisela, dochter van Louis de Vrome en Judith, met Eberhard, een lid van de machtige Unrochide dynastie en honorius van Frioel, in dienst van Lotharius I, maakt deel uit van de onderhandelingen om de keizerlijke successie te regelen, eind van de jaren 830. Zowel door zijn ongebruikelijke omvang, zijn fiscaal karakter en zijn geografische impact, werpt de bruidsschat die aan Gisela werd toegekend een duidelijk licht op de inzet van de competitie zowel op niveau van het rijk als in de naburige streken, tussen de jaren 830 en het einde van de negende eeuw. Zijn symbolische kracht kan beschouwd worden als de materiële hoeksteen van de band gecreëerd door het huwelijk van Eberhard en de dochter van de keizer. De bruidsschat werd vervolgens geïnstrumentaliseerd door vele acteurs : eerst en vooral het Eberhard – Gisela echtpaar zelf die het onder zijn jongere zonen verdeelde om aldus de oudste zoon het Italiaanse en Germaanse erfgoed over te laten, en die er ook, steunend op zijn belastingautoriteiten, een klooster mee stichtte toevertrouwd aan één van de zonen, de plaats waar Gisela de familie-memoria zou laten onderhouden naar het model van de koninginnen. Verder, door de Unrochiden die het niet nalieten via de bezittingen in het Frankische Rijk en Lotharingen om hun macht te verrijken. Door Karel de Kale, uiteindelijk, die de rechten op de belastingvoordelen behield, die ze in beslag nam en teruggaf naar gelang van zijn relaties met Eberhard en zijn groep. Het verder verloop van deze bezittingen, zowel lokaal als op keizerlijk vlak, toont aan dat de symbolische kracht ervan werd overwogen, leidde tot onderhandelingen en dat de componenten ervan werden gehiërarchiseerd. Toen Eberhard nog leefde nam het echtpaar het risico de bruidsschat te verliezen, of althans een deel ervan, om meer prestige en macht te verwerven bij Lodewijk ii in Italië. Omgekeerd, eenmaal weduwe, verkoos Gisela Italië, waar haar oudste zoon de plaats van de vader had ingenomen, te verlaten om haar bruidsschat in het Frankische Rijk opnieuw terug in handen te nemen, mits schijnonderdanigheid aan haar broeder en zijn keizerlijke ambities. De bruidsschatanalyse maakt het dus mogelijk, via verschillende invalshoeken, om Gisela in een meer globale context te benaderen ten gunste van de integriteit van haar persoonlijkheid, rekening gehouden met de verstreken tijd en het verloop van het leven van een vrouw onderworpen aan druk en aan de grillen van de politiek, maar die perfect bewust is van haar status en meer dan waarschijnlijk gefocust op haar eigen doelwitten. Le mariage de Gisèle, fille de Louis le Pieux et de Judith, avec Évrard, un membre du groupe puissant Unrochide et titulaire d’honores en Frioul au service de Lothaire Ier, s’inscrit dans le contexte des négociations devant régler la succession impériale, à la fin des années 830. Par son ampleur inhabituelle, son caractère fiscal, sa situation géographique, la dot qui fut accordée à Gisèle révèle les enjeux de la compétition qui s’est jouée à l’échelle de l’empire et dans les régions transfrontalières, entre les années 830 et la fin du ixe siècle. Sa puissance symbolique était le substrat matériel d’un lien créé par le mariage d’Évrard et de la fille de l’empereur. Elle a ensuite été instrumentalisée par de nombreux acteurs : par le couple Évrard – Gisèle qui l’a répartie entre ses fils cadets pour permettre à l’aîné de recevoir l’héritage italien et alémanique, et qui a aussi réussi à fonder sur un de ces fiscs un monastère, confié à l’un des fils, où Gisèle elle-même ferait entretenir la memoria familiale, sur le modèle des reines ; par le groupe unrochide qui n’a pas manqué de s’appuyer sur ces biens en Francie et en Lotharingie pour gagner en puissance ; par Charles le Chauve qui conservait des droits sur ces biens fiscaux, qui les a confisqués, restitués, au gré de ses relations avec Évrard et son groupe. Le devenir des biens, envisagé à l’échelle locale et à l’échelle impériale, montre que le champ symbolique était lui-même évalué, négocié, hiérarchisé, puisque, du vivant d’Évrard, le couple a finalement préféré prendre le risque de perdre tout ou partie de la dot pour gagner en prestige et puissance du côté de Louis ii en Italie. Mais à l’inverse, une fois veuve, Gisèle a choisi de quitter l’Italie, où son fils aîné avait pris la place du père, pour retrouver ses biens dotaux en Francie, au prix de sa soumission, au moins apparente, à son frère et à ses ambitions impériales. L’analyse de la dot permet ainsi, en faisant varier la focale, de réinsérer Gisèle dans le contexte global pour retrouver l’unité de sa personne, tout en laissant place au temps, au déroulement de la vie d’une femme, soumise aux aléas de la politique et aux pressions, mais parfaitement consciente de son statut et sans doute de ses objectifs. The marriage of Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious and Judith, with Eberhard, a member of the powerful Unrochide dynasty and honorius of Friuli, faithful of Lothar i, is part of the negotiations to settle the imperial succession, at the end of the 830s. By its unusual size, its fiscal character, its geographical location, Gisela’s dowry reveals the stakes of the competition at the level of the empire and its borders, between the 830s and the end of the 9th century. Its symbolic power gave physical form to the bond created by the marriage of Eberhard and the daughter of the emperor. It was then exploited by many actors : first by the Eberhard – Gisela couple who divided it among his younger sons to allow the elder one to receive the Italian and Germanic heritage, and who also succeeded in founding on one of its fisci a monastery given to one of the sons, where Gisela herself would maintain the family memoria just as the Late Carolingian queens did ; by the Unrochide group relying on its possessions in Francia and Lothringia to gain power ; by Charles the Bald, who retained rights over these fisci, who confiscated and restored them according to his relations with Eberhard and his group. How these possessions were managed, both at the local and imperial scale, shows that the very symbolic aspect was valued, negotiated and even ranked with others, and during Eberhard’s lifetime, the couple ultimately took the risk of losing all or part of the dowry in order to increase its prestige and power with Louis ii of Italy. But conversely, once a widow, Gisela chose to leave Italy, where her eldest son had taken his father’s place, to recuperate her dowry in France, making submission to her brother and his imperial ambitions. By multiplying the approaches, the analysis of Gisela’s dowry makes it possible to envisage the emperor’s daughter in a more global context, describing her as a whole, varying in time and unfolding her life as a woman subject to pressure and to the vagaries of politics, but perfectly aware of her status and without doubt the objectives she set forth. Le Jan Régine. Quand l’empereur marie sa fille : la dot de Gisèle, fille de Louis le Pieux et de Judith, en son contexte. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 96, fasc. 2, 2018. Histoire – Geschiedenis. pp. 597-612.

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    Revue belge de philologie et d histoire
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Monnier, Alexandre; Nicolas, Théophane; Peake, Rebecca; Roscio, Mafalda;

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  • Authors: Merabti, Tayeb; Lelong, Romain; Darmoni, Stefan;

    The aim of this paper was to present a practical InfoRoute algorithm and applications developed by CISMeF to perform a contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in different health domains.The algorithm was developed to treat multiple types of queries: natural, Boolean and advanced. The algorithm also generates multiple types of queries: Boolean query, PubMed query or Advanced query. Each query can be extended via an inter alignments relationship from UMLS and HeTOP portal.A web service and two web applications have been developed based on the InfoRoute algorithm to generate links-query across multiple websites, i.e.: "PubMed" or "ClinicalTrials.org".The InfoRoute algorithm is a useful tool to perform contextual information retrieval across multiple medical websites in both English and French.

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    Authors: Potier, Jean-Pierre;

    Introduction Vers la fin de sa vie, au cours du discours prononcé à l’occasion de son Jubilé cinquantenaire d’économiste à l’Université de Lausanne, intitulé « Ruchonnet et le socialisme scientifique », Léon Walras remarquait : Il est certain, d’abord, que la détermination du salaire au moyen de grèves et de lock-outs, c’est-à-dire, en définitive, par échange de coups de pierre, contre coups de fusil, est un procédé sauvage. Mais il l’est également que, pour substituer à ce procédé celui de l...

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    https://doi.org/10.4000/books....
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Book . 2018
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    Authors: Simonnot, Josephine;

    La plateforme web en ligne pour les archives sonores du CNRS-Musée de l’Homme permet d’accéder à des enregistrements musicaux du monde entier, publiés (disques) et inédit, collectés depuis les années 1900 jusqu’à nos jours. Nous présentons d’abord ces archives sonores gérées par le Centre de recherche en ethnomusicologie. Nous expliquons ensuite leur entrée dans le nouvel écosystème du Web ainsi que leur ouverture à un large public grâce à des outils d’analyse et de visualisation du son. Enfin, nous étudions comment une base de données d’archives sonores peut devenir un outil de collaboration pour produire et la diffuser des connaissances. The online web-based platform for the French CNRS-Musée de l'Homme sound archives offers access to published and unpublished recordings of music from all over the world, collected from the 1900's through the present day. We first introduce these sound archives managed by the Research Centre for Ethnomusicology. We then explain their entry in the new web ecosystem as well as their availability to a broad audience through a suite of tools for analysis and visualization. Finally, we study how a sound archive database can become a collaborative tool for the production and dissemination of knowledge.

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    Authors: Mancini, Bruno;

    Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce roman, qui tient à la fois du genre policier et du roman de formation, écrit à la première personne, en suivant le parcours du protagoniste et narrateur omniscient. Nous l’accompagnerons à travers sa quête, tiraillé entre son monde propre – riche de rêves, de passions, d’altruismes –, celui de ses camarades, où l’amitié se teint d’égoïsme, de jalousie, d’agressivité et le monde des adultes, aimés mais incompris, victimes et bourreaux à la fois, émissaires d’un monde régi par la convoitise. Cercheremo di analizzare questo romanzo, allo stesso tempo romanzo giallo e romanzo di formazione, scritto in persona, seguendo il percorso del protagonista e narratore onnisciente. Lo accompagneremo attraverso il suo viaggio iniziatico sballottato tra il suo proprio mondo – ricco di sogni, di passioni, di altruismi –, quello dei suoi coetanei, in cui l’amicizia si tinge di egoismo, di gelosia, di aggressività e il mondo degli adulti, amati ma incompresi, vittime e boia allo stesso tempo, emissari di un mondo retto dalla bramosia.

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    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
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      Italies
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2017
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